-ucted free in the high schools, the state paying e or in part the cost of instruction. gether, the Albany meeting was a most enjoyable fitable one. The general feeling was in favor of ng the pleasant experience by holding a joint con- in Massachusetts before many months.

:

School Code of Morals.

a curious fact that a peculiar code of morals has 1 and still exists in most schools. A student of ity would find an interesting field for his investigan the schools and colleges of the country. We are that serious attempts have been made for exg this condition of things, but none of them are satisfactory. Let us illustrate by a concrete ex

oy who had been tenderly brought up, his father a ment deacon in a church, and he himself of his own intending to prepare for preaching, was put into demy to prepare for college. He gave his expein a letter when he had arrived at the age of 45. s invited to join the Promethean club and finding est boys were members I agreed. I was made to se not to reveal the secrets of the club or of any acts of its members. Very soon after the 'orannounced that hot tar must be put in the bed of f the assistant teachers and names were drawn of who were to perform the task. I was not drawn is occasion, but was afterward.

he victim of this mean joke was not specially unar; I had a respect for him and said so, but it was avail; he was selected simply because he was a er. I soon saw that the leading spirits in this club the meanest boys in the school; but they ran its s and threatened and cajoled the rest to do their ng. I had been brought up to speak the truth, was a part of our code of morals that lying was onorable thing to do whenever it would extricate om an unpleasant predicament.

look back upon the year I spent there thankful that arly training was not wholly in vain. The club The club ted much as the labor unions do now; those that ot join a club (there were several) were hounded, d upon, annoyed, lied about, and so often maled that they joined to avoid persecution. I have ea that the principal conceived of the devices and to cause trouble that were hatched in the clubs. and by a club member was the highest religion." is probable that in every primary school in the ry the new pupil is told by his schoolmates at once he must not "tell." This is the first and greatest andment. In one case recalled, a student in a ge was seized, blindfolded, and treated in a most eful way: his eyesight so injured by red pepper le was obliged to give up a course of study, and he perpetrator, when questioned, not only denied cipation but proved an alibi; a case of double ly

llege faculties and trustees are well aware of this of things. The overseers of Tufts college say: is well understood that the student body in most colhas always sanctioned a highly artificial code of morals thoughtful men would repudiate at once in the domain iness or of society. This peculiar code, which tolerates ing in examinations, justifies the destruction of private rty in the celebration of athletic victories, encourages h manners and various forms of reprehensible conduct uses strained relations between professors and students,

orhang a natural outgrowth of the inflexible curriculum

in a democratic state. The arrest and conviction of is incapable of intelligent self-control is a dangerous bumptious youths followed by their prompt dismissa college would prove an object lesson in citizenship o culable value to the entire student body."

Absurd Time Regulations for Teach

The problem of adjusting the thousand and on culties attendant upon the unification of details workings of the Greater New York school syst now fairly well under control. Dr. Maxwell's tas been an herculean one, and is still a severe strain his energies. He may not be willing to admit the but the continued application to the solution of stantly arising problems has prematurely aged him vacation this year has been far too short. Most associates on the central board and among the di superintendents are also carrying abnormally i burdens. So the principals and teachers ought 1 especially lenient in judging rulings of the superi dents. And they have been, and are patient. there are limits to human endurance, especially whe intellect finds it impossible to discover any sane re for a departure from usual and universal pra Here is one peculiar institution that justly fails to voke enthusiastic support:

Half-day classes are no longer objected to bec the arguments in their favor are strong and convin tho many hardships attend the continuance of scheme. But why should the teachers of these cla be compelled to stay in the school-house two hour addition to the time acquired for the teaching of t classes. Some say it is because the six-hours-a teachers do not want their halt day sisters and bret to enjoy any abbreviations of temporal working sp but it seems incredible that such silliness would any influence with men of the size of Dr. Maxwell his associates. Yet from whatever point the prac is looked at, no palpable explanations offer themsel The teachers who come at eight o'clock in the mor and have completed their class work at noon, must main in the building till two o'clock. If the inten is that they visit the rooms beginning work at n human nature has not been taken into account. Bes after being for four hours under the intense strai half-day work, neither the mind nor the temper are vorable to study and observation immediately follow Worst of all, there are no facilities, anywhere, for ing at least part of the time to a respectable noonluncheon which, owing probably to its wholly mundan pect, also failed of consideration by the superintende There are places, if it must be told, where the w robes, wash-rooms, and even less suitable compartm serve as the only available lunch-rooms for teach But the rule requires the physical presence of teacher in the building for six hours every school Could anything be more unreasonable? Listen to t The teachers beginning their work at noon must pre themselves in the building at ten o'clock. They eat as their colleagues of the morning session do, vided they finish before twelve o'clock, or they must range their luncheon for nine o'clock, or wait till e ing. The two hours of hanging about the school bu ing, for that is all it amounts to, moreover, is just ficient to absorb the freshness of mind and spirit wh might reasonably be expected at the beginning of ac class work.

Dr. Maxwell may find some new suggestions for ducing truancy. more pleasant and

quarter has passed since this mong the nations of the earth, have had, on the whole, more as fallen to the lot of any other generation has grown to manEach has had to bear its pecuce its special crises, and each m trial, when the country was estic or foreign levy; when the eavy upon it in drought or flood bodily distress and anguish of of folly and a froward heart. decade, we have struggled onnow abundantly enjoy material he favor of the Most High we o achieve moral and spiritual closed has been one of peace y. Rarely has any people eny than we are now enjoying. tfelt and solemn thanks to the eek to praise Him not by words e way in which we do our duty ellow men.

eodore Roosevelt, president of reby designate as a day of genday, the 27th day of the coming mend that thruout the land the - ordinary occupations and in places of worship render thanks the manifold blessings of the

have hereunto set my hand and nited States to be affixed.

ington, this 29th day of October, thousand nine hundred and two, he United States the one hundredth THEODORE ROOSEVELT.

State.

ple it may be, but what there is should be abundant and daintily served, for, after hunger, the best sauce is variety, too often lacking.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who died last week, says in the reminiscences of her early life:

"It is bad enough to meet with constant experience of tough meat, underdone or burned to a chip, half-cooked, unsound vegetables, bitter coffee, sour bread and rancid butter, but even the dining-room, which hungry boys and girls always approach with pleasure, is now not only robbed of all epicurean delights, but even of pleasant anticipations of good things to come

"To see our sons and daughters growing thin under this wretched system of feeding at all our institutions is a disgrace to those who have charge of that department of school life. Grown people do not fully appreciate how sad a disappointment an unsavory meal is to the healthy appetites of the young."

In these days, when the social problem of higher ideals in teaching domestic science is being prominently brought before us, and efforts to solve it are being made, it would seem well that all institutions of learning should fall in line and help the work along by practical solutions in their own culinary departments, whether it be on their curriculum or not.

inds Upon Education. realized to-day as it never has South it is rapidly coming to membered that cotton manucome within the last generaid and master mechanics have The young ones are learning 3, and a great change is over8 The Textile Excelsior says: ical education—a technical educa1 experience-are being realized ore. The need will be felt more and competition increases. The as been brought home to the peoy the development of the cotton his section. The need of specialur young men has been realized → establishment in several states

ing out graduates fully equipped is they will be required to face."

s at School.

Delicate tastes, so critical in youth, revolt against milk returned to pitchers from half-emptied glasses; from left fragments of meat or bread reappearing in some more or less subtler form. Such economy is false; it is unappetizing and injurious to health from the infectious standpoint, and, before long, will prove itself detrimental to the school on a monetary basis.

endant train of evils, is alarmericans, and physicians tell us tracted during school days. entions and medical journals o this fact, and articles have authorities on school dietetics,

It behooves parents, not only to study the sanitation of dormitories or class-rooms, the curriculum of school work and the moral standard of its principles, important as all these things are, but also to satisfy themselves as to the kitchen and dining-room facilities if they desire good results mentally, morally, and bodily.

Getting Used to Anthracite.

The New York Tribune gives a very interesting item concerning the history of the use of anthracite coal: "It is just a century," it says, "since Daniel Fell made the first successful test of hard coal in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, for heating purposes. The Indians are said to have known of the "black stones" and made pipe bowls of them. Moravian missionaries early came across the strange mineral. Even after the coal had begun to be mined it was difficult to sell any. The people did not understand how to use it and asserted that it would not burn. As late as 1821 the Lehigh and Navigation Company sent but 365 tons to Philadelphia. Hard coal was first successfully used at the wire mills of White & Hazard, Falls of Schuylkill, thru an accident, in December, 1814. The men could not ignite it, and in exasperation, pitched a quantity of coal into a furnace, shut the doors, and went about some other work.

Some hours later the furnace doors were found to be red hot and the interior a mass of fire. William Henry, a manufacturer of muskets near Nazareth, had secured some of the coal in 1798 for his forges. His blacksmith told him the neighbors called him a fool for trying to burn the "black stones." In 1808, however, he built a mill and successfully used hard coal in it.

The editor regrets that mechanical obstacles necessitate the deferment of comments on President Eliot's addresses at meetings of New England teachers, until

ation on his part, he was elected principal of the berg free school, Galveston, the largest school in ity. He continued in this work till 1895 when he alled to the superintendency of the Dallas schools. the past fifteen years Superintendent Long has closely identified with every movement looking to pbuilding of the educational interests of the state. 93 he was elected president of the State Teachers' iation. At present he is chairman of the State I of Examiners; president of the Texas-Colorado Gauqua, Boulder, Colorado; superintendent educaexhibit of the Texas State Fair and Dallas Expoand chairman of the St. Louis World's Fair Edual Exhibit committee for Texas.

Relics of Lincoln.

raham Lincoln began an autograph album while he n the White House and gave it to a boy friend interested in autographs.

tion.

is was in the early half of 1863, and the boy (now Theodore F. Wurts, a well known civil engineer), elighted to hear the president offer him the prevolume. In the years that have passed he has many well-known names himself, and some years resented it to his son, who has added other rare and made it the nucleus of a most interesting Philadelphia is an interesting collection of relics e martyred president-namely, his law library, or r that of the firm of Lincoln & Herndon, whose are on the flyleaves or covers. The entire legal y of this firm embraced but twelve volumes, on the helf of a little home-made bookcase of five shelves. of these, except a single volume of Blackstone, I was bought by the New York State library, are esting on that upper shelf in the old bookcase. include three volumes of Chitty on "Pleadings,' Pleadings," lens's "Commentaries on English Law," Greenleaf Evidence," the Revised Statutes of Illinois, 1844;

old "split bottom" chair which it is known that made for his son.

About the case are various articles of Lincoln's fur

ture, such as an old black hair sofa, chairs, desks, a the like, and some most interesting papers and portra of Mr. Lincoln. One of these portraits is the painti made for the Illinois legislature, representing him sta ing at a table on which lies the American flag furl Among the papers hanging framed about the walls some most interesting bills rendered for legal servic some of which are as low as $3 and $5. One of the however, against a railway, is $5,000, and nearby har the protest of the railway officers against the amount the fee, and the testimony of six or seven men, amo them Norman B. Judd, that the charge was not unr sonable.

Archaeological Discoveries.

Archæologists and excavators are constantly bringi to our notice interesting ruins of ancient cities, th link us more closely to the past, and in many ways a tending to enlighten our hazy knowledge of the times.

Mr. Hall, in Rhodesia, has for six months been ele ing the famous ruins of Zimbabwe from overgro vines and trees, and opening up its labyrinthal pat He has laid bare hard cement floorings, drains, ste ore crushers, tools, pottery, and samples of beaten go These ruins were discovered by Rauch, and are thoug to represent a colony from the shores of the Red s who supplied the Sabean navigators with gold, ivo and precious stones.

In Arcadia, the temples of Aphrodite and of Apo are being excavated, and inscriptions and objects c nected with the worship of Venus have been discover Near the spot ancient coins of Thessaly and Macedo have been found, and a small bronze statue of the six century B. C.

Prof. Herman V. Hilprecht of the university Pennsylvania, has returned from his work of explo tion of the buried cities of Nippur in ancient Babylon. I brought back 23,000 ancient tablets discovered by hi which will greatly modify and change our ideas regar ing the early civilization and knowledge of that peopl

Nippur he finds to be sixteen cities built one on t of the other. The tablets procured are from a temp which in those days were used for school and college well. Professor Hilprecht states that the decipheri of the inscriptions will be very difficult, for the alph bet used is yet to be discovered. What has been ready done shows that astronomical knowledge at th date, 2,300 B. C., was as efficient as that of to-d They had a wonderful system of extended mathem ical table that made scientific computations sim compared with ours. Their school systems were hig developed. Young children of the lower grade to master at least two other languages than their o -a learned and a colloquial one. It will be intere ing to hear more of the revelations of these table

The British government, in its official capacity, limit its exhibits at the St. Louis exposition to edu tion and the fine arts. The former will include a su mary of education in Great Britain and Ireland and Colonies.

The colonial responsibilities lately assumed by United States will lend special interest and value to

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