ifferent pupils.

In ried which combines elow the seventh the her grades the latter. d grades will depend ing the pupils in a rally into three, each consistent with good lassification depends netic; above the fifth, re added-other connt. One of the early the third grade, leavFourth year on.

is varied to suit the ce, the school year is constituting a unit of ange between classes, rooms will be made to A and B divisions as at the end of any sixintendent on written the principal.

England. niversity Correspondad and Wales shows

0,000 schools, 14,300 supported by private -xtent, and providing 5,800 board schools, conformists. In the are in attendance me light on the edugive readers of THE a of the subject. It t the principal source ' years has emanated as the above report

ny for his works on ight to light some rs which the duties of ew of mental equilibthat in insane asychers is one to eighty proportion of women lation is one to three 1 of insanity is four the average woman. he professor estimates en times that of the

ut it is thought the

e same.

gress against alcohol

1, minister of public Vienna alone about used alcoholic beverre 25,000 drunkards vice threatens about

giene of children, in è current statements nol as tonics, foods, O showed that alcohol, absolutely certain to

-uch elbows with the er training was given home, much of the world would cease. fulness, and truthfuls of morality and rest taught at home. ents this and lays the al lives. It is indeed en the mothers of the take counsel for the nd the betterment of one-fifth of the teachhools are women, and easing daily, and the e on the children for mendous. The school s the greatest factor raits characteristic of n. The home and the nd in hand in preparing Co be men and women

in speaking of the Teaching Profession,

e that social position rain the children ought hing, he said, is not of the learned profesnot occupy the strong ch their life work enDoes being a teacher to enter the circle of which professional men doctors, etc., enter beFork? It is doubtful. ister the position held most important. All neir impress upon the that work. It is only which maintain them

The general lack of school-masters are held easons, one, corporal

>nified in the traditional he other, because they little of their calling. 3 lower his position in rporal punishment is a and I am proud to say ted in New York City umane now than they past. I might even say

ore humane now than ars ago, and yet we cans of the contumely we the time of Solomon

en.

But cruelty, which radually passing away iced by gentleness and In the present day her shows the lack of

Cornell Professors. Beginning with the comine, 1903, as already anSCHOOL JOURNAL, Corill retire all professors venty. The plan is to professors serve as spetheir respective departod of five years. Their signed them by President salary for the first year ved at the time of retire$1,500 a year. The proonsequence of this rule, next June are: Hiram

There have been organized two boards to further the cause of Southern education. One is the Southern Education Board which is for aid in development of educational sentiment; the other is the General Education Board which is to hold and distribute funds for educational purposes.

The Southern Education Board has divided its work into two parts: working in the South to secure larger policies of local support for popular education, and working in both North and South to encourage larger policies of philanthropy in relation to the educational needs.

This work is undertaken with three assumptions: the first is, that, in dealing with the educational problem, exclusive interest in the negro is a mistake. The second assumption is, that if large educational policies are to be attempted in the South they should be worked out, for the most part, by Southern men. In the third place the fundamental appeal of the hour lies in the need of the great unprivileged classes of the population.

The need of this work with its object to increase the educational facilities of the South is shown by the statistics of illiteracy for that section of the country. It seems to be the universal opinion in the South, also, that the great emphasis should be laid on the education of the poorer classes of the white people. When we learn that there are 316,000 white illiterates of voting age in the Southern states it becomes obvious that education is necessary as a measure of self protection to the state.

The whole work of these boards then
resolves itself into a question of patriot-
ism; that every man must be worth
something to his country, and with this
end in view they are trying to broaden
the teachers, increase school facilities,
and educate the illiterate masses.

The Problems of the South.
The task before the South is one of
startling magnitude as is stated in a re-
cent circular issued by the Southern Ed-
ucation Board. It is not the bare prob-
lem of illiteracy, but the problem of the
illiteracy of hundreds of thousands of the
negroes upon the one hand, and of scores
of thousands of the purest American
stock upon the other. It is the problem
of intense earnestness, of untiring effort,
struggling with the task of educating the
masses of two great populations out of
public resources which are clearly inade-

quate.

Some of the Southern states provide a public school term of less than 100 days, and yet we must not fail to put this fact in conjunction with another which reveals the educational earnestness of their people-the fact that of the total revenues of certain of these states fifty per cent. is now devoted to the development of the public schools. No people anywhere are making larger sacrifices in the interest of education than the people of the South.

So long, however, as public resources are so inadeqate the conditions of illiteracy, even in the stronger race, cannot be less than serious. The representative of a Southern college has thus put the facts: "Thruout the whole eleven states of the secession one person in six (16.44 per cent.) native whites, children of na tive parents, 10 years old and over, cannot read and write; while in North Carolina

with none other than native whites, children of native parents."

If we add to these figures the numbers of our white people who can just pass the test of literacy, who perhaps can barely sign their names, but who are practically illiterate, our conditions are

seen to be still more serious.

Such, distinctively, is "the Southern task;" with all its bearings upon the religious, industrial, and political life of the Southern states, with all its consequences to the welfare, peace, and happiness of the nation. The task is one of appalling proportions and of infinite complexity.

University Representatives.

The Association of American Universities will hold its fourth annual conference at Columbia university December 29, 30, and 31. The preliminary program includes the presentation of papers and reports by the representatives of the University of Pennsylvania, Columbia, Yale, and Harvard, on "The Certificate Method of Admission to Colleges and Universities (a) from accredited schools and (b) from schools not examined by the admitting university or formally accredited; Uniformity of University Statistics (a) of enrollment and (b) of expenditures;" "The Report of the Executive committee on Membership," and "The Requirements for Admission to Professional Schools."

66

The Baltimore Meeting.

The Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools of the Middle States and Maryland will meet in Baltimore, November 28 and 29. The general topic for discussion on the first day will be,

66

Should Admission to College be by Examination or Certificate (diploma)?" Dean Russell, of Teachers college, will speak on "The Educational Value of Examinations as the Culmination of Preparatory Courses;" Prof. A. S. Whitney, of the University of Michigan on

The Method in Use of Accrediting Schools," and Miss Brownell, of Miss Baldwin's school, Bryn Mawr, Pa., and Dr. Sachs, of Teachers college, on "The Effect of College Entrance Examinations Upon the Secondary Schools." Professor Lightner Witmer, of the University of Pennsylvania, will lead the general discussion.

"The Relative Functions and Powers

of President, Trustee, and Faculty" will be discussed by President Ira Remsen, of Johns Hopkins university, Dr. S. J. McPherson, a trustee of Princeton university, and Prof. George S. Fullerton, of the University of Pennsylvania. President Thomas, of Wellesley college, and Dr. James H. Canfield, of Columbia university, will open the informal debate.

"How Should the Entrance Examination Paper in History be Constructed?" will be the topic on Saturday. Among the speakers will be Prof. Lucy M. Salmon, of Vassar college, chairman of the History Examination Committee; Dr. James Sullivan, of the Dewitt Clinton high school, of this city; Prof. Paul Van Dyke, of Princeton university, and Prof. E. P. Cheyney, of the University of Pennsylvania.

New York Regents' News.

The growth of the high school enrollment in the state of New York between

1000

(h) Exemption is granted only for university of the state of New 10гk, anu Account of studies is courses in excess of the studies which one year's satisfactory post-graduate ard of examiners only were required to establish the eligibility study, which may have been concurrent license for promotion, of the applicant for license No. 1. with teaching experience, and five years' nt to principal, and LICENSE AS PRINCIPAL IN ELEMENTARY satisfactory experience in teaching in in elementary schools. secondary schools or in colleges, three of 1. No exemption for this license is which years shall have been in New York granted from examination in professional city high schools. subjects or in group A (English literature, grammar, and rhetoric).

>R PROMOTION.

mathematics,

SCHOOLS.

2. College graduates are exempted from examination in scholarship, except in group A.

3. Applicants not graduates of colleges, unless exempted as hereinafter provided, are required to pass, in addition to the

examinations mentioned in section 1, an

versity, recognized by the regents of the (b) Graduation from a college or uniuniversity of the state of New York, and one year's satisfactory post-graduate study, which may have been concurrent with teaching experience, and seven years' satisfactory experience in teaching in secondary schools or in colleges.

All documents submitted as evidence of scholarship, training, or experience, must be originals, and must be accompaison, the latter only will be retained by nied by duplicate copies. After comparthe board of examiners.

anted from examinaples and methods of who complete in an n satisfactory courses ast sixty hours in prinof teaching. exemption for this liom examination in the subjects or groups of glish, and science, con- examination in two of the following 1 drawing, etc. groups: Group B-logic and phychology; n is granted for studies group C-algebra, geometry, and trigoprinciples and methods nometry; group D-physical and matheurposes of exemption matical geography, United States hisEach applicant who enters the examiprinciples and methods tory, and civil government; group E-a e regarded as includ- language and its literature, namely, holder of a regular license to teach in nation will (unless he is already the ation, history of edu- Greek, Latin, German, Spanish, or this city, or has filed a satisfactory phy(educational, applied, Anglo-Saxon. eral method, methods 4. Exemption in one or in two of the sician's certificate within one year) be ial subjects, school groups named in section 3 is granted to given a physical examination conducted those who present a diploma or certificate by one of the physicians authorized by obtained by examination on completion the board of education. No person takof satisfactory college or ing the physical examination will be licensed unless he has been vaccinated courses. within eight years, or unless the examining physician reports that vaccination is not requisite.

ill be accepted which a college, university, er recognized by the versity of the State of

less than thirty hours' >ted.

accepted that was not Iccessful examination. is granted only for of the studies which stablish the eligibility r license No. 1.

-TANT TO PRINCIPAL. nted from examination ence, or in geography, 5, to those who comved institution satisich courses shall have er during the school vo years, or in a unisummer school during eks' sessions, or durand one summer sese amounted to at least

courses

university Notes-(a) "College or university are interpreted to mean courses pursued under the direction of a college or university and accepted as counting toward a degree.

(b) Elementary-i. e., first and second
year-courses in modern foreign lan-
guages will not be accepted as college
courses, nor will preparatory work in an-
cient languages be so accepted.

(c) Each course must extend over at
least one year or one summer session.
(d) No course of less than thirty hours'
attendance is accepted.

(e) For exemption in any group at
least sixty hours' attendance must have
been given to not more than two of the
subjects embraced in such group; two
thirty-hour courses will not be counted
for exemption in any group, unless the
subjects covered by such courses fall
within the same group.

(f) Exemption is granted only for courses in excess of the studies required some to establish the eligibility of applicants for license No. 1.

ws: In the science of
hours, and in
e, science, or art sixty

exemption is granted First Assistants in High Schools.

m examination in his

ment.

ce of education" will nclude any professional principles of education, ional, applied, genetic, method, methods of bjects, school manage

[Official Announcement.]

of education, methods, An examination of applicants for licenses as first assisants in the high schools of the city of New York will be held on Monday, December 15, 1902, at 9:30 A. M., on the fourth floor of the hall of the board of education, Park avenue and 59th street, borough of Manhattan. Oral examinations will be given at the call of the board of examiners. Each applicant's record will be considered in making up his mark on the oral examination.

course in foreign lanepted as a satisfactory ire, science, or art, d more advanced work

ed institution" is inany institution recognts as a college or as

less than thirty hours' oted.

our courses will not be y-hour course unless related subjects; e g., e in rhetoric, together r course in advanced count as a sixty-hour y-hour course in rhet

hold for a period of one year and may be Licenses issued under these regulations renewed for two successive years without examination in case the work of the. holder is satisfactory. At the close of the third year of continuous successful service the city superintendent may make the license permanent.

WILLIAM H. MAXWELL, City Superintendent. Marriage not Resignation. According to the decision of Justice Cochrane, of the supreme court, Kings county, a woman teacher, when she marries, does not automatically hand in her resignation by that act. While the bylaw prohibiting the employment of married teachers is reasonable, according to the court, the position that marriage is a resignation is untenable. The board of education must try the teacher, who marries, for violation of the by-laws and then declare her place vacant. This simply requires a new formula for dismissing

married women, but it will require considerable extra work in each case.

The

board of education will probably appeal.

Class Libraries.

In all probability the plan for the introduction of class libraries in the public schools, which has been discussed for several months, cannot be put into full operation at once, owing to the reduction of the special fund devoted to such purposes by the board of estimate and apportionment. However a sufficient sum may be left to make a beginning.

This examination will be limited to The plan which has been arranged proapplicants for licenses as first assistants vides for libraries in the grammar grades in the subjects or departments named in of all the schools. There is to be a superthe following schedule. The written ex- intendent of libraries, who will be given amination of each applicant will include the selection of books suitable for each the science of education, the subject or grade; will instruct the teachers how to subjects to be covered by the license keep account of the books given out; applied for, methods of teaching such and will make periodical visits to the subject or subjects, and the practical schools to encourage the children to read, conduct of a high school department. Mathematics. English.

History and civics.
Classical languages.
Modern languages.

so that they will be able to make the best use of the Carnegie libraries which are to be established.

A class library will consist of about sixty books which will cost about $36 per class.

e

There is to appear shortly a book - called "Afterthoughts on Calculus of c- Variations" written by Lewis B. Carll, e of Brooklyn. There is at present no we work on this subject obtainable in the in English language and therefore this of work seems the more remarkable when we learn that Mr. Carll has been totally y blind from his birth.

2.

of

Mr. Carll was graduated from Columbia s, in 1870, second in his class, and soon - took up the teaching of mathematics. y Becoming interested in the subject of re calculus of variations he discovered that only one book had appeared on this subdject in English. This was published in - 1851 by Prof. John H. Jellet, of the Unii- versity of Dublin, but no trace of it could

es be found.

Mr. Carll at once set to work on the subject and after ten years labor he pubal lished his book called Calculus of Variaof tions. The material for this work was ot gathered from libraries both in this counS, try and Europe.

tus on full pay.

Dr. Kedzie was born in Delhi, N. Y., January 28, 1823, and was brought by his parents to Lenawee county, Mich., when but three years of age. His early education was obtained from the three months' winter school in the old log school-house. He entered Oberlin college at seventeen years of age and, making his own way, graduated in the classical course in 1847. He was at once given charge of the Rochester academy, Oakland county, Mich., which position he held for two years when he entered the University of Michigan and graduated with the first medical class in 1851. He settled at Kalamazoo, but, in 1852, removed to Vermontville where he remained until 1861 when he entered the army as surgeon of the Twelfth Michigan Infantry, On his return he settled at Lansing and has been professor of chemistry at the agricultural college since 1863. He was for many years a member of the state board of health and its president. He was president of the state medical society in 1874. He was a member of various scientific societies and had a national reputation as the author of valuable papers on health, hygiene, and agriculture. He had carefully investigated the laws of chemistry as applied to agriculture. He exposed the methods of manufacture of many patent medicines and adulterated food stuffs. In compelling the oil comy panies to furnish pure kerosene and by re So rapid has been the growth of kin- his influence in securing legislation to at dergartens in the past few years in New protect the farmers from fraudulent ferre York that the eligible list of kindergart-tilizers he rendered invaluable service to -ners is exhausted. President Hunter, of al the Normal college, is making an effort s, to enlarge the class there. His idea is te to extend the course so that a graduate er of a high school may enter.

nt The book at once made Mr. Carll an authority in the mathematical world S, and altho little known to the world in ld general he has been of great assistance of to the mathematicians of the country. g His new work represents the labor of V. ten years. It deals with the problems e known as isoperimetrical or problems y concerning equal perimeters.

ft

C

Kindergartners Wanted.

Dr. Maxwell has suggested two methods to get trained kindergartners. One he is to create an entirely independent school e and the other is to add a course to the 2. training schools for teachers in ManhatI. tan and Brooklyn. At present the city 1. has to rely upon the graduates of the Normal college and private schools. New York offers very good inducements to kindergartners, and, as a result, has s' attracted some of the best in the counal try, most of them being college gradu

›f ates.

er

et

i

al

of

ic

N. Y. U.

Chancellor MacCracken, of New York university, has just published his annual report in which he discusses the question n of shortening the college course for students who contemplate graduate study. In regard to this he cites the experience of the university where for some time past students of high standing have been allowed to substitute for the last year of academic studies the first year's work in a graduate school. The fact that only about half of the students qualified to make this substitution take advantage of )- the opportunity indicates, Dr. MacCracken believes, that there is no dis;- tinct call for an immediate change. 1- The chancellor reported that more than 2,000 students are enrolled in the schools of the university and that the current expenses are about $300,000. Friends of the university are trying to raise an endowment fund of $1,000,000.

Frederick W. Lankenaw, formerly superintendent of the West Bay City, Mich., schools died at his home in that city November 5. He had suffered a stroke of paralysis on the previous Saturday and had been unconscious most of the time. Mr. Lankenaw was born in Fort Wayne, Ind., February 2, 1848, and went to West Bay City in 1867. He first taught in the schools of the German Lutheran Emmanuel church and went into the public schools in 1880. For a time he was engaged in business and then returned to school work, retiring last June.

David Charles Bell, a well-known author, educator, and Shakespearian scholar, died in Washington, Oct. 28, at the age of eighty-six. He was a nephew of Alexander Graham Bell. A native of St. Andrews, Scotland, he had been a professor of English literature and elocution in Irish colleges.

JOHNSON, VT.-Major Zabina Kellogg Pangborn, for several years the principal of the Johnson academy, died on Nov. 1, at Hillburn, N. Y. While he was the principal he had George Dewey, now Admiral Dewey, for one of his pupils. After he gave up his work in the academy he was for many years an editor.

Mrs. Lucretia Morgan Carpenter, one of the leading schoolmistresses of the early half of the last century,died recently in Worcester, Mass. She was born in 1816 and began teaching in Brimfield, Mass., when about fifteen. She taught nearly forty years, thirty of these being in Clinton, Mass.

way
which spends th

PROVIDENCE,
made for a new
Brown universit
in height, the fi
chinery and the
second, recitatio
oratory, and the
Ground will b
servatory at An
and meteorolog
have been cond
1835, will not be
PITTSFIELD,
Teachers' Associ
on Nov. 7 and
Chas H. Thurber
on "Is Psycholo
and Prof. Wm. E
versity, Worcest
and Fatigue." ]
ton, was elected
ing year, and
Adams, secretar

AUGUSTA, ME.
session of the M
leges and Prepar
of the committee
quirements was
man, Prof. Karl P.
of Maine, being s
port issued in N
were present fron

Talks
Before the No
Association held a
7 (Prin. Charles F
high school, pres
Tyler, of Amhers
question, "Where
fail to secure th
pected of them?
faults of the scho
the teachers, and
as regards parent
so he argued tha
fall upon the tea
accordingly, have
for. Most of the
old-fashioned Ne
They should regar
ties, while they d
sponsibilities. Te
ter care of thems
the fresh air.

The present sy
but it is better to
try to get a new o
early boy came up
it is upon the ne
danger of barbari
illiteracy.
that the strain do
So the
vere for the child
zation will go dow
the physical traini
from nature's way
ercise often, parti
tween the requir
schools and the co
in danger of being
Professor Tyler
time when the p
their time out-of-d
deprecated adding
burdens of the
schools, such as
ing, and dancing.

COMMON SEN Prof. Walter Ba university, took fo mon Sense in Edu