OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION

WILLIAM WALLACE CAMPBELL, SC.D., LL.D., President of the University. WILLIAM E. RITTER, Ph.D., Professor of Zoology, Emeritus.

RESIDENT OFFICERS

T. WAYLAND VAUGHAN, Ph.D., Director.

F. B. SUMNER, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biology.

GEORGE F. MCEWEN, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Oceanographer and Curator of the Oceanographic Museum.

W. E. ALLEN, M.A., Assistant Professor of Biology.

E. G. MOBERG, M.S., Associate in Chemical Oceanography.

P. S. BARNHART, M.S., Collector and Curator of the Aquarium.

E. H. QUAYLE, A.B., Assistant in Planktology.

S. W. CHAMBERS, General Laboratory Assistant in Physical Oceanography. JAMES ROSS, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds and Chief Mechanic. TILLIE GENTER, Secretary and Librarian.

NON-RESIDENT OFFICER

C. O. ESTERLY, Ph.D., Zoologist; Professor of Zoology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California.

HISTORY, SUPPORT, AND MANAGEMENT

The Institution grew out of the efforts of the Department of Zoology at the University to promote researches on the animal life of the Pacific Ocean. Since 1901 these efforts have been continuous, more or less definitely organized, and specifically supported financially. During the first years the financial support came in small sums from numerous persons interested in the work, alumni of the University, and to a slight extent the University itself. The interest of Miss E. B. Scripps and Mr. E. W. Scripps in the undertaking began in 1903, when the itinerant equipment was moved from San Pedro to San Diego. All of the funds for physical upbuilding and a considerable part of those for maintenance have come from this source, though since 1912 the State of California has contributed liberally to the support of the scientific work.

For several years the enterprise was carried on as the Marine Biological Station of San Diego, a corporation which had no official connection with the University of California, though such a relation was looked forward to and provided for in the articles of incorporation. In accordance with

this provision, the property and management were transferred to the Regents of the University in 1912, the name of the foundation being then changed to that by which it is now known. The Institution is consequently an integral part of the University of California.

LOCATION

The Institution occupies a 177-acre "pueblo lot'' situated on the ocean. front about sixteen miles north of the center of San Diego City and two miles north of the suburb of La Jolla. Both suburb and Institution are within the corporate limits of the city.

Although this site on the open ocean, considerably isolated from human habitation and transportation facilities, introduced into the problems of development rather difficult and expensive elements, which are now considerably ameliorated, the great and unique advantages of the location for researches on the sea and on the life of the open sea, and the further advantages of ample grounds on which to build, are fully justifying and, it is confidently believed, will continue to justify the hazards that were taken.

HOUSING AND EQUIPMENT

A fire-proof research laboratory capable of accommodating about twentyfive investigators. All the laboratory rooms, seven in number, on the first floor, are provided with salt water aquaria, thus furnishing large facilities for indoor experimentation on marine organisms. The circulatory system is of lead and hard rubber. The aquaria are of concrete and plate glass.

A fire-proof library-museum building. The first floor is devoted to the oceanographic and natural history exhibits and administration offices. In the basement there is a seismograph room. The library and the reading room, used also as an assembly room, are on the second floor. The stack room now in use has a capacity of about 25,000 volumes. The old and new buildings are forty feet apart, but are connected through the second floors by a closed-in passageway.

A wharf, the piles and beams of concrete, the decking of wood, 1000 feet long and 20 feet wide. At the seaward end are placed the pump for the salt-water system, a naturalist's house, various pieces of scientific apparatus for observations in oceanography and marine biology, including an automatic tide gauge established by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, and other aids to scientific work.

A concrete storage and settling tank, capacity 40,000 gallons, at the base of the sea cliff under the wharf. The sea water for the aquaria is pumped directly into this and from this into an elevated delivery tank, also of concrete, capacity 20,000 gallons. The tank house under this contains two rooms, used mostly for the storage of biological material.

A public aquarium building of wood, containing nineteen concrete tanks with plate-glass fronts.

A mousehouse or "murarium" of wood, but entirely isolated and specially constructed, with living quarters for about 1000 mice. This is for the cages of mice, the individual pedigrees of which are kept for experimental purposes.

▲ mouse yard, a small area of native earth enclosed by concrete walls and wire screening. The purpose of this is to give captive mice of local and foreign species as nearly natural conditions as possible.

The last two mentioned structures are used by Dr. Sumner in his extensive experiments on environmental influence and heredity.

A commons, with kitchen and dining-room capacity for about forty persons, with a half-basement containing a number of bathrooms and a laundry.

Twenty-six cottages, some of which are occupied by members of the staff of the Institution and others are let to outsiders.

Garages, service houses, etc.

THE LIBRARY

The library contains over 9400 volumes and over 12,000 pamphlets and unbound journals. The entire collection is well catalogued and available for use. The Institution has been designated as one of the official depositories of the publications of the U. S. Geological Survey and is receiving all the publications of the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. The library of the director which contains many volumes not in the library of the Institution, is available for use by investigators working at the Institution.

OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA AND MARINE COLLECTIONS

The oceanographic material and data received by the Institution are derived from a number of sources. The seaward end of the Institution's pier is a permanent hydrographic station and for several months, from late spring to early autumn, a 20-ton boat is chartered. As a result of coöperative arrangements with the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey the Institution receives water, plankton, and bottom samples and hydrographic records from much of the region off the west coast of the United States and off the coast of Alaska. Through coöperation with the U. S. Bureau of Lighthouses, the Hopkins Marine Biological Laboratory, and others, the Institution has a line of along-shore or near-shore observation stations which extends from Laguna, California, to the Columbia River Lightship. Oceanographic data and collections are also received from sources other than those above mentioned.

GRADUATE STUDENTS AND HIGHER DEGREES

The Institution offers courses in general oceanography and in special oceanographic problems to qualified students. In the seminar in oceanography, which meets for an hour and a half each week, the entire field of oceanography is reviewed, particular emphasis being placed on the recent additions to the knowledge of the science and to the presentation of unsolved problems. Reports on current investigations by members of the staff of the Institution and by students, lectures by visiting scientists, and reviews of important literature are given at the weekly scientific conference of the Institution. Courses are offered in physical oceanography, marine sediments and other geological subjects, the quantitative study of plankton, the ecology of marine organisms, and chemical oceanography.

The collections available for study at the Institution are large and there are opportunities for making field as well as laboratory investigations. The Institution is in a position to offer facilities for virtually any kind of investigation in oceanography.

Besides those above indicated, the Institution also offers opportunities for the study of environmental influence on and heredity in the smaller terrestrial mammals.

Graduate students regularly enrolled in the University of California for work at the Scripps Institution may become candidates for the degrees of Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in accordance with the general rules for such candidacy in other departments of the University in which higher degree work is done. Residence at La Jolla may be credited toward a higher degree as residence at Berkeley, but candidates for degrees at the Scripps Institution usually find it necessary to do some work in one or more departments at Berkeley.

Investigators and graduate students who contemplate work at the Institution should correspond with the Director before deciding to come to La Jolla.

VISITING INVESTIGATORS

Experienced investigators who wish to utilize for their researches such facilities as the Institution possesses will be welcomed. There are opportunities for the study of a wide variety of oceanographic subjects, including problems in marine zoology and botany. The Institution will be glad to serve as a base for studies of terrestrial animals and plants and for local geological work, as well as for the study of marine phenomena. The Institution desires to be as broadly useful in scientific research as is possible.