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either the high school certificate or for the special secondary certificate, and in addition the following:

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Labor Organizations-Economics 151.

Industrial History of the United States-Economics 11.

For information concerning the junior high school, and elementary credentials the student should consult Bulletin No. 10-J.H. (Revised June, 1921), Amended Regulations Governing Junior High School Certification, and Bulletin No. 11-E., Amended Regulations Governing Elementary Certification. The student should also consult the Dean or Secretary of the School of Education.

For list of upper division and graduate courses see departmental announcements in the Announcement of Courses, July, 1923.

ENGLISH

Professors: W. M. HART, B. P. KURTZ, C. W. WELLS, R. P. UTTER (Chair

man of the Department), A. G. BRODEUR, H. L. BRUCE, W. H.
DURHAM, W. E. FARNHAM, B. H. LEHMAN, T. F. SANFORD, R. W.
GORDON, M. Y. HUGHES, S. J. HUME, 1G. MONTGOMERY, C. H.
RAYMOND, H. J. SMITH, G. A. SMITHSON, T. K. WHIPPLE.

Instructor: G. R. STEWART, Jr.

Teaching Fellowships. This department has each year at its disposal a number of teaching fellowships. Teaching fellows are expected to devote one-half of their time to the assistance of members of the department and one-half to study and research.

The English Conference. The department conducts weekly conferences for the reading and discussion of reports of research and for discussion of general methods and current publications in the field of English study.

Publications.—Lists of the publications of the members of the staff will be found in the annual reports of the President of the University.

Fields of Research.-Members of the department are engaged in research and in direction of graduate students in the following fields of study: history of literary criticism (Kurtz); theory of fiction (Wells); the drama (Farnham); English satire (Montgomery); Scottish literature (Gordon); the history of the English language (Brodeur); Philology (Smithson, Brodeur); the popular ballad (Gordon); folklore, including early English literature (Brodeur); the Elizabethan period (Farnham); seventeenth century non-dramatic literature (Whipple); the English novel especially prose fiction before 1700 (Utter); the eighteenth century (Durham); the Romantic Movement (Sanford, Utter, Bruce); Victorian and Georgian literature (Bruce); the nineteenth century (Sanford, Lehman); social and economic aspects of English literature in the nineteenth century (Bruce); the twentieth century (Sanford); historical and social background of American literature (Wells).

Preliminary Requirements for Higher Degrees.-A reading knowledge of French or German is prerequisite to all graduate courses. The completion of a course of systematic study, equivalent to that outlined for undergraduates majoring in English, is usually sufficient qualification for entrance to graduate courses.

1 In attendance first half year only.

Candidates for higher degrees with English as major or minor subject are urgently advised to include in their general preparation at least twelve units of University Latin or Greek, or of both.

Doctor of Philosophy.—To be admitted to candidacy for this degree, students must have a reading knowledge of French and German, must pass the English Master's Examination, and must present to the department an acceptable plan or outline of a doctor's dissertation. The requirements for the degree are:

1. A major in English (including Philology and Literature). Candidates majoring in English must have: (a) an acquaintance with the main facts of the history of the English language and with the chief masterpieces of the literature; (b) a reading knowledge of Old French; and (c) in addition an equipment similar to that in English in:

(a) Germanic Philology, or

(b) Romance Philology (Spanish or Italian), or
(c) Classical Philology, or
(d) Celtic language.

2. The Doctor's Preliminary Examination, a single, general oral examination, covering (a) the dissertation; (b) the major subject, including both philology and literature, together with (c) the addition indicated above.

3. An acceptable dissertation.

4. The Doctor's Public Examination, the public oral examination required under the general University rules governing the degree.

Master's Degree. To be admitted to candidacy for this degree, a student must have had fifteen approved upper division units in English, must have a reading knowledge of French or German, must have passed the English Major Examination, and must have presented to the department an acceptable plan or outline of a master's thesis.

The department requires for the degree in conjunction with the general University requirements twelve units from the 200 group of graduate courses in English; and the English master's examination.

For list of upper division and graduate courses see departmental announcements in the Announcement of Courses, July, 1923.

FRENCH

Professors: R. T. HOLBROOK, R. MICHAUD (Chairman of the Department), P. B. FAY, L. M. TURNER, N. C. ARVIN, M. DONDO, W. GIRARD, G. Z. PATRICK, A. SOLOMON.

Lecturers: A. C. REAU, A. ROWBOTHAM.

Instructor: R. H. SCIOBERETI.

Facilities.-The University Library is adequately equipped for research in a good many fields relevant to French, having not only the rich collections of the Departments of History and Philosophy, but also the most important bibliographies, encyclopedias, dictionaries, grammars, maps, critical editions of essential works, etc., as well as specially abundant material for comparative and other studies of contemporary French literature. It has complete files, difficult to find elsewhere, of periodicals such as Le Mercure de France, La Revue Blanche, La Nouvelle Revue Française, Les Cahiers de la Quinzaine (229 vols.), etc. The French collection is being rapidly developed along the lines of literary esthetics and criticism as well as in the strictly linguistic domain. The University Library has numerous original editions of 17th- and 18th-century French authors, especially critics and playwrights. The Library of French Thought, a gift of the French government, contains some 4000 volumes representing French thought in many of its modern phases. The Department has available the Paget Scholarship for worthy students in French.

Research.-The Department of French guides objective research in historical grammar and lexicography, in textual and other constructive criticism, in applied phonetics (including the study of versification), in relevant historical and bibliographical problems. Professors in the Department have recently supervised theses or dissertations in the fields of French syntax of the 15th and 16th centuries, modern French literature, comparative literature, and literary influences.

Publications.-Recent publications by members of the Department have included researches on the interpretation of Old French texts, on 15th-century grammar, on French versification, on the life and works of Scribe, on Emerson's relations with France, and other comparative studies. Lists of the publications of the members of the staff will be found in the annual reports of the President of the University.

Higher Degrees.-The courses offered are designed primarily to lead to the degrees of M.A. and Ph.D. in French, but some courses are in

tended also to supplement work done by students who are specializing in other departments. With regard to his program, the student must consult the members of the department, since their personal guidance and advice are needed in fulfilment of all requirements; the student should familiarize himself with the specific statements below and keep in mind the prerequisites which form the basis of all graduate work.

Preliminary Requirements.-No candidate will be admitted to candidacy for a higher degree who has not satisfied with complete success (grade A or B) the requirements of the major in French. Every candidate must give convincing evidence of an adequate preparation in grammar (forms, sounds, and syntax), of his ability to pronounce French well and to speak it acceptably, and of his ability to carry on successfully work in the literary-historical field or in more strictly philological research.

The Master's Degree.-Every candidate must give evidence of a good general acquaintance with essential facts in French history (political, etc.) and with the present government of France, as well as with allimportant facts in French literary history, particularly since the sixteenth century. The thesis (or dissertation) should preferably be written in French, should be objective and well-defined, and have a really useful purpose; it may be suggested to the candidate or he may choose his own subject, with the approval of the instructor under whose main guidance he desires to work.

The Doctor's Degree.-To prove his fitness the prospective candidate for the Doctor's degree shall be examined comprehensively in respect to his scholarly background, unless adequate evidence has already been given through work for the Master's degree or other relevant studies. Every candidate must have a reading knowledge of Latin and German, and must have had at least two years of undergraduate training in Italian or Spanish; exceptionally, for good reasons, some other language will be accepted. Candidates whose mother tongue is not English must know English well enough for use in teaching French, or as well as English-speaking candidates are expected to know French. Candidates whose mother tongue is French (or virtually so) must do whatever supplementary, work may be deemed necessary in order that the Departmental requirements may be equitably adjusted for all candidates.

If the candidate's dissertation deals with some modern field, his graduate courses must include (or must have included) Historical French Grammar and at least one course in Old French literature (the careful reading of Old French texts). If the dissertation itself requires a more thorough philological training, the candidate must have had not less than three one-year courses in Old French (not less than twelve units in all).

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