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to a fine not exceeding five pounds: Provided that the 41 & 42 Vict, Cap. 77. mayor, aldermen, and commons in the city of London, and the Metropolitan Board of Works (a) in the metropolis, exclusive of the city of London, and the council of any borough which has a separate court of quarter sessions, and the county authority of any county, may, on the application of the owner of any locomotive exceeding nine feet in width or fourteen tons in weight, authorise such locomotive to be used on any *** (b) highway within the areas respectively above mentioned, or part of any such *** (b) highway, under such conditions (if any) as to them may appear desirable. Provided also, that the owner of a locomotive used contrary to the provisions of subsection two of this section shall not be deemed guilty of an offence under this section if he proves to the satisfaction of the court having cognizance of the case that such locomotive was constructed before the passing of this Act, and that the tires of the wheels thereof are not less than nine inches in width.

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33. This part of this Act shall remain in force so long only as the Locomotive Act, 1865 (c), continues in force. (d)

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PART III.-PROCEDURE AND DEFINITIONS. 36. All offences, fines, and expenses under this Act, or any byelaw made in pursuance of this Act, may be prosecuted, enforced, and recovered before a court of summary jurisdiction in manner provided by the Summary Jurisdiction Acts.

*** (e)

The expression" court of summary jurisdiction" means and includes any justice or justices of the peace, metropolitan police magistrate, stipendiary or other magistrate, or officer, by whatever name called, to whom jurisdiction is given by the Summary Jurisdiction Acts: Provided that the court, when hearing and determining an information or complaint under this Act, shall be constituted either of two or more justices of the peace in petty sessions, sitting at a

(a) Now London County Council. See Local Government Act, 1888, s. 40. (8.), p. 362.

(b) Words omitted repealed by Statute Law Revision Act, 1898. (c) The Locomotives Act, 1865. See s. 13 thereof, p. 179.

(d) For continuance of Locomotives Act, 1865, in force till 31st December, 1902, see note (b) to s. I thereof, p. 178.

(e) Definition of Summary Jurisdiction Acts, omitted, repealed by Statute Law Revision Act, 1894.]

Duration of Part II. of Act 28 & 29 Vict.. c. 83.

Recovery of penalties and

expenses.

4I & 42 Vict., Cap. 77.

Form of appeal to quarter sessions.

Interpretation. 25 & 26 Vict.

c. 61.

27 & 28 Vict.

C. IOI,

18 & 19 Vict.

C. 120.

place appointed for holding petty sessions, or of some magistrate or officer sitting alone or with others at some court or other place appointed for the administration of justice, and for the time being empowered by law to do alone any act authorised to be done by more than one justice of the peace.

37. If any party thinks himself aggrieved by any conviction or order made by a court of summary jurisdiction on determining any information or complaint under this. Act, the party so aggrieved may appeal therefrom * * * (a) to the next practicable court of quarter sessions.

(1) * * *

38. In this Act

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County" has the same meaning as it has in the Highway Acts, 1862 and 1864, except that every liberty not being assessable to the county rate of the county or counties within which it is locally situate shall, for the purposes of this Act other than those relating to the formation and alteration of highway districts, and the transfer of the powers of a highway board, be deemed to be a separate county:

"County authority" means the justices of a county in general or quarter sessions assembled: (b)

"Borough" means any place for the time being subject to the Act of the session of the fifth and sixth years of the reign of King William the Fourth, chapter seventy-six, intituled "An Act to provide for the regulation of municipal corporations in England and Wales," and the Acts amending the same: (c)

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The metropolis" means the parishes and places mentioned in the Schedules A., B., and C., annexed to the Metropolis Management Act, 1855, and any parish to which such Act may be extended by Order in Council in manner in the said Act provided; also the city of London and the liberties of the said city: 'Quarter sessions" includes general sessions:

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"Locomotive means a locomotive propelled by steam or by other than animal power:

"Person" includes a body of persons corporate or unincorporate.

(a) Words omitted repealed by Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1884, s. 4. (b) For transfer to county council of powers vested by this Act in county authority, see Local Government Act, 1888, s. 3. (viii), p. 361.

(c) Repealed by Municipal Corporations Act, 1882, S. 5Reference now deemed to be to that Act. See s. 242 (1) thereof.

42 & 43 Vict., Cap. 47.

PETROLEUM ACT, 1879.

42 & 43 Vict., Cap. 47. An Act to continue and amend the Petroleum Act, 1871.

[Introductory words.]

[11th August 1879.]

1. This Act may be cited as the Petroleum Act, 1879. This Act shall be construed as one with the Petroleum Act, 1871, and together with that Act may be cited as the Petroleum Acts, 1871 and 1879.

2. ***

In the Petroleum Act, 1871, the term "petroleum to which this Act applies" shall mean such of the petroleum defined by section three of that Act as, when tested in manner set forth in Schedule One to this Act, gives off an inflammable vapour at a temperature of less than seventythree degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer.

Short title, and construction of Act. 34 & 35 Vict.

C. 105. Alteration of test.

34 & 35 Vict. c. 105.

Every reference in the Petroleum Act, 1871, to 34 & 35 Vict. Schedule One to that Act shall be construed to refer to c. 105. Schedule One to this Act.

[Words omitted from s. 2 repealed by Statute Law Revision

Act, 1894.]

3. A model of the apparatus for testing petroleum, as Verification of described in Schedule One to this Act, shall be deposited test apparatus. with the Board of Trade, and the Board of Trade shall, on payment of such fee, not exceeding five shillings, as they from time to time prescribe, cause to be compared with such model and verified every apparatus constructed in accordance with Schedule One to this Act which is submitted to them for the purpose, and if the same is found correct shall stamp the same with a mark approved of by the Board and notified in the London Gazette.

An apparatus for testing petroleum purporting to be stamped with the said mark shall, until the contrary is proved, be deemed to have been verified by the Board of Trade.

All fees under this section shall be paid into the Exchequer.

[4-6 repealed by Statute Law Revision Act, 1894. As to nonrevival of part of Petroleum Act, 1871, repealed by s. 6, see Interpretation Act, 1889, ss. 11. (1.), p. 369, and 38 (2) (a), p. 376.

42 & 43 Vict., Cap. 47.

FIRST SCHEDULE.

MODE OF TESTING PETROLEUM SO AS TO ASCERTAIN
THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH IT WILL GIVE

OFF INFLAMMABLE VAPOUR.

SPECIFICATION OF THE TEST APPARATUS.

The following is a description of the details of the apparatus: The oil cup consists of a cylindrical vessel 2" diameter, 22" height (internal), with outward projecting rim wide, 3" from the top, and 13" from the bottom of the cup. It is made of gun

metal or brass (17 B.W.G.) tinned inside. A bracket, consisting of a short stout piece of wire bent upwards and terminating in a point, is fixed to the inside of the cup to serve as a gauge. The distance of the point from the bottom of the cup is 1". The cup is provided with a close-fitting overlapping cover made of brass (22 B.W.G.), which carries the thermometer and test lamp. The latter is suspended from two supports from the side by means of trunnions upon which it may be made to oscillate; it is provided with a spout, the mouth of which is one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter. The socket which is to hold the thermometer is fixed at such an angle and its length is so adjusted that the bulb of the thermometer when inserted to its full depth shall be 1" below the centre of the lid.

The cover is provided with three square holes, one in the centre, " by ", and two smaller ones, by ", close to the sides and opposite each other. These three holes may be closed and uncovered by means of a slide moving in grooves, and having perforations corresponding to those on the lid.

In moving the slide so as to uncover the holes, the oscillating lamp is caught by a pin fixed in the slide, and tilted in such a way as to bring the end of the spout just below the surface of the lid. Upon the slide being pushed back so as to cover the holes, the lamp returns to its original position.

Upon the cover, in front of and in line with the mouth of the lamp, is fixed a white bead, the dimensions of which represent the size of the test flame to be used.

The bath or heated vessel consists of two flat-bottomed copper cylinders (24 B. W.G.), an inner one of 3" diameter and 2 height, and an outer one of 5" diameter and 53" height; they are soldered to a circular copper plate (20 B.W.G.) perforated in the centre, which forms the top of the bath, in such a manner as to enclose the space between the two cylinders, but leaving access to the inner cylinder. The top of the bath projects both outwards and inwards about 3"; that is, its diameter is about " greater than that of the body of the bath, while the diameter of the circular opening in the centre is about the same amount less than that of the inner copper cylinder. To the inner projection of the top is fastened, by six small screws, a flat ring of ebonite, the screws being sunk below the surface of the ebonite, to avoid metallic contact between the bath and the oil cup. The exact distance between the sides and bottom of the bath and of the oil lamp is one-half of an inch. A split socket similar to that on the cover of the oil cup, but set at a right angle, allows a thermometer to be inserted into the space between the two cylinders. The bath is further provided with a funnel, an overflow pipe, and two loop handles.

The bath rests upon a cast-iron tripod stand, to the ring of which is attached a copper cylinder or jacket 24 BWG) danged at the top, and of such dimensions that the bath, while firmly resting on the iron ring, just touches with its projecting top the inwardturned fange. The diameter of this outer jacket is e the three legs of the stand serves as support for the spirit lamp attached to it by means of a small swing bracket. The distance of the wick holder from the bottom of the bath is 1a

One of

Two thermometers are provided with the apparatus, the one for ascertaining the temperature of the bath, the other for determining the flashing point. The thermometer for ascertaining the tempe rature of the water has a long bulb and a space at the top. Its range is from about 90 to 190 Fahrenheit The scale (in degrees of Fahrenheit) is marked on an ivory back fastened to the tube in the usual way. It is fitted with a metal collar, fitting the socket, and the part of the tube below the scale should have a length of about 3 measured from the lower end of the scale to the end of the bulb. The thermometer for ascertaining the temperature of the oil is fitted with collar and ivory scale in a similar manner to the one described. It has a round bulb, a space at the top, and ranges from about 55° F. to 150° F.; it measures from end of ivory back to bulb 21.

NOTE-A model apparatus is deposited at the Weights and Measures Department of the Board of Trade.

DIRECTIONS FOR APPLYING THE FLASHING TEST.

1. The test apparatus is to be placed for use in a position where it is not exposed to currents of air or draughts.

2. The heating vessel or water bath is filled by pouring water into the funnel until it begins to flow out at the spout of the vessel. The temperature of the water at the commencement of the test is to be 130° Fahrenheit, and this is attained in the first instance either by mixing hot and cold water in the bath, or in a vessel from which the bath is filled, until the thermometer which is provided for testing the temperature of the water gives the proper indication; or by heating the water with the spirit lamp (which is attached to the stand of the apparatus) until the required temperature is

indicated.

If the water has been heated too highly, it is easily reduced to 130° by pouring in cold water little by little (to replace a portion of the warm water) until the thermometer gives the proper reading.

When a test has been completed, this water bath is again raised to 130° by placing the lamp underneath, and the result is readily obtained while the petroleum cup is being emptied, cooled, and refilled with a fresh sample to be tested. The lamp is then turned on its swivel from under the apparatus, and the next test is proceeded with.

3. The test lamp is prepared for use by fitting it with a piece of flat plaited candle wick, and filling it with colza or rape oil up to the lower edge of the opening of the spout or wick tube. The lamp is trimmed so that when lighted it gives a flame of about o 15 of an inch diameter, and this size of flame which is represented by the projecting white bead on the cover of the oil cup is readily maintained by simple manipulation from time to time with a small wire trimmer.

When gas is available it may be conveniently used in place of the little oil lamp, and for this purpose a test-flame arrangement for use with gas may be substituted for the lamp.

4. The bath having been raised to the proper temperature, the oil to be tested is introduced into the petroleum cup, being poured

42 & 43 Vict., Cap. 47

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