phia, and put in confinement there. He received fifty dollars from Thomas Franklin, the agent for the prisoners in that city, to cheer him in his dungeon. In January, 1778, he was removed to New York. On the 3d December, 1780, Mr. Skinner, the Commissarygeneral, advanced him 4000 continental dollars, which, at the enormous rate of depreciation then existing, profited him but little. He was exchanged June 1, 1781. General Washington, before he was properly acquainted with him, called him Ewing, which gave rise to many errors among historians about his name. To settle this question, he will be again referred to in a future page.

COL. NICHOLAS LUTZ,

Of the Pennsylvania Flying-Camp, was captured at the battle of Long Island, August 27, 1776. On the 16th April, 1777, he was admitted to parole within certain bounds, and was exchanged September 10, 1779. He returned to his home at Reading, Pa., where he must have died shortly after, for it does not appear that he ever called on the commissaries of prisoners for any thing that may have been due him during his imprisonment and parole.

COL. MICHAEL SWOPE,

Of the Pennsylvania Flying-Camp, a Fort Washington prisoner, was captured November 16, 1776. He was released on parole June 23, 1778, but again called into New York on the 8th of August, 1779, where he had to endure the confinement of his fellowprisoners, martyrs for patriotism. He was exchanged at Elizabethtown, N. J., on the 26th of January, 1781, and returned home to Yorktown, Pa., on foot, a distance of 170 miles. He was very well supplied by Mr. Pintard, at New York, with "Continental dollars," which he readily sold at the rate of seventy-five for one in specie in the spring of 1780! The current exchange of the day was forty for one in specie, but the poor prisoners, robbed of liberty, money, and life, could not get the advantages of the money market.

MAJOR GEORGE TUDOR,

Of the 3d Pennsylvania Regiment, commanded by Colonel Lam

bert Cadwallader, was captured at Fort Washington. At the time of his capture he was a captain, and the following soldiers of his company were taken prisoners with him on the memorable 16th of November, 1776:

Charles Fleming,

John Wright,

James McKinney,

Ebenezer Stille,
Jacob Leinhart,

Abraham Van Gorden,

Peter Daubert,
William Carbury,
John McDowell,

William McKague,
Henry Parker,
James Burns,
Henry Kepler,
Baltus Weigh,

Charles Beason,

Leonard Huber,
John McCarroll,

Jacob Guiger,

John May,

Daniel Adams,

George McCormick,

Jacob Kettle,

Jacob Miller,
George Neason,
James Kearney,
David Sutor,
Adam Bridel,
Christian Mull,
Daniel McKnight,
Cornelius Westbrook,
Luke Murphy,
Joseph Conklin,
Adam Dennis,
Edward Ogden,

William Scoonover,
James Rosencrants.

Those unfortunate and devoted patriots endured the horrors of the prison-ships and prison-houses of New York; nor is it known that they were ever exchanged by a kinder interposition than death. They lived to inscribe their names high up on the sombre walls of their prison, and died martyrs for the cause of American freedom, appealing with their fellow-prisoners to their countrymen that in case American Independence should ever be achieved, a monument would be erected over their bones, which were washed and exposed on the shores of the Wallabout.

Major Tudor was exchanged May 10, 1778, and repaired quickly to join his regiment, then at Schoharie, N. Y.

MAJOR THOMAS L. BYLES,

Of Colonel Lambert Cadwallader's 3d Pennsylvania Regiment, was another of the prisoners of Fort Washington, captured November

16, 1776. He was Captain from the 1st of August, 1776, to June 8, 1777, when he was promoted to Major. He was exchanged March 1, 1778, and hastened to join his regiment at Valley Forge. He died in service on the first day of February, 1779.

MAJOR JOHN POULSON,

Of the 8th Virginia Regiment, was captured October 5, 1777. He was Captain from July 1, 1777, to May 12, 1779, when he was promoted to Major. He was exchanged November 2, 1780, at Elizabethtown, N. J., and returned to his home in Accomack county, Va, He subsequently joined the army, and served to the end of the war.

ADJUTANT JOHN JOHNSON,

Of Colonel Baxter's Flying-Camp, was captured at Fort Washington, November 16, 1776. He received 3650 Continental dollars and £204 while imprisoned. He was exchanged November 2, 1780, and returned to his home in Buckingham township, Buck's county, Pa., when his military career seems to have ended.

ADJUTANT DANIEL KENNEDY,

Of the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment, was captured April 17, 1778. He was Sergeant from September 1, 1776, to February 15, 1777, when he was promoted to Lieutenant, and to Adjutant the 15th of June, 1777. Prisoners always received promotion according to rule as though they were in active service. Major Samuel Benezet kindly supplied Adjutant Kennedy with money and provisions. It appears that he spent most of the time of his captivity in Philadelphia, and received the special attention of Colonel William Palfrey, Paymaster-general. He was exchanged August 1, 1780.

FERDINAND J. S. DE BRAHM,

Major of Engineers, was captured at the surrender of Charleston, May 12, 1780. He was confined a prisoner in that city, and received cash and supplies to the amount of about 3000 Continental dollars from John Sanford Dart, Deputy Paymaster-general for the

Southern Army, and Mr. Fisher, Commissary of Prisoners. He was exchanged April 22, 1781, and appeared in Philadelphia on the 17th of July of that year, where he succeeded in selling his "Continental dollars" at the rate of forty for one in specie.

BARON CHARLES DE FREY,

Captain of light-dragoons in Count Pulaski's Legion. captured February 1, 1778, and released July 1, 1778.

CAPTAIN WILLIAM CRAWFORD,

He was

Of the 5th Regiment of Pennsylvania, another Fort Washington captive, taken November 16, 1776. He was Lieutenant from September 1, 1776, to May 1, 1777, when he was promoted to Captain. He received supplies from Lewis Pintard, agent for the New York prisoners, and was exchanged December 18, 1780. He returned to Philadelphia, and subsequently returned to his regiment, and served to the end of the war.

CAPTAIN JOHN RICHARDSON,

Of the 5th Regiment of Pennsylvania, another Fort Washington prisoner, taken November 16, 1776. He received supplies from Lewis Pintard, agent of the prisoners at New York, and was exchanged October 31, 1778. He became a supernumerary on the new arrangement of the army in 1778, received "half-pay November 1, 1778, to May 22, 1779, agreeable to a resolve of Congress of November 24, 1778," and " one year's pay allowed to supernumerary officers, agreeable to a resolve of Congress May 22, 1779."

CAPTAIN BATEMAN LLOYD,

Of the 2d Regiment of New Jersey, was captured February 27, 1778. He received his supplies from Lewis Pintard, at New York, and Thomas Franklin, at Philadelphia. He was exchanged at Elizabethtown, N. J., on the 1st of April, 1781, and made his way, 116 miles on foot, to his place of abode in Salem, in that State. All the imprisoned officers were offered their liberty in case they would enlist in the British cause, and the inhuman keepers of their prisons

always held this temptation before them. Foul subornation of treason! Lord Howe, where was thy blush?

CAPTAIN ROBERT SAMPLE,

Of the 10th Regiment of Pennsylvania, was captured March 7, 1778. He received his supplies from Thomas Franklin at Philadelphia, and Lewis Pintard and John Adams at New York. He was exchanged November 4, 1780, at Elizabethtown, N. J., and returned to his home, 170 miles, to Bucks county, Pa., but returned to the army, and served to the end of the war. Captain Sample was a fine scholar and a meritorious officer.

CAPTAIN THOMAS MCINTIRE

Commanded an independent company. The circumstances of his capture and imprisonment appear nowhere on record, yet his name is among the prisoners of 1780. He was Ensign from August 1, 1777, to January 1, 1778, when he was promoted to a Lieutenant; and on the 8th of March, 1779, he was made Captain of an Independent Company, and some part of his time harrassed the confederated savages in the valley of the Wyoming.

CAPTAIN ROBERT CALDWELL,

Of Colonel Samuel I. Atlee's Regiment. Captain Caldwell and Colonel Atlee were both Fort Washington prisoners. I have met with no particulars of Colonel Atlee's imprisonment and exchange. Captain Caldwell was Lieutenant from September 1, 1776, and was promoted to Captain November 16, 1776, the same day of his capture. He received supplies from Lewis Pintard and Elias Boudinot at New York, and was exchanged April 15, 1779, at Elizabethtown, N. J., and made his way to Philadelphia, a distance of eighty miles. I have no account of his return to the service.

CAPTAIN JAMES MOORE,

Of Colonel Hall's Delaware Regiment, was captured January 20, 1778. Lewis Pintard to Colonel Hall, under date of March 4, 1781, states that Captain Moore received from him, by order of Joh