National Gazette. 8. P. FRENEAU NUMB 72 of Vo: II] PHILADELPHIA 1793 1 A PICHON. French Citizen at Phi Jadelphia, to M. COTELLE Are the pembable that you let to have bera forceful, they would have 1 am femble. Gr. that a full and tho rough - Bigston of fafts thould be fub jvend to fupport fach preliminary in junct and that I have every means in my powe de At the ome time. I am al together unwilling to call out of their pracefuliomb of phlivien, the bloody pre. ceedings which for three years pot have From what has been fold it is not at all 4 graced your robotry, and it is with the farpening to fee have seen COCKADED greatest relucense that I cake pacalul review of pure barred formes. Come of GENTLEMEN from the French Well 1. dies Tuis true, they were parrots, but ●bichl have bres an eyewitnef Gred for I have been in fortalton coad-ion of that pride bring spared. refute in your fand, and is that very rown and stcbough they apparently (ubmitted to Thanks to the the time, fill they bad (worn in their hearts fram benc# YOU CHI ebicerity in 1 Beed. I was slowed to and before the great god of their price Ann at the epidermocratka tyranny when that when weer opportunity thould offer bry would take figuel and memurat: The anneal commoner retaliation kailty of Less matton, the rand, for has July 6, 1793 their late condut in regard to the prize hip in [Total Num. 176.] may bereafter de to enact ce are led to think that both the wreß of the seek and the refering her run. anchored proceedings I would be forry i think they should be Alled pufilial w More than probable the whites had a hand to facilitate in order to eru bule izene of colour when, by their own contrion, they were always by In fuch miles 100 weak is fubatge circumfenePS BO the true interest "Myths as it may, it has not been breagh Indeed if NEUTRALITY be the GREAT of the pation solocare in the Gand that cafe of ready who would defend evi ar into the lare trial before the and aim of occation, a fres daryly court for the Pemelylvania diftri Arange that say feets Bould have brea to death, end to favour it rather than te to Lifton GENET will remain clark of her offeription, who always the Poor would only hear the argomentitred against the French of fub c swered, I conceive is to be the duty divided among themselves, could never begle quetion of its own juridiquence is to forer be Confoluentes a off-ch French cities are nequamed fresh ane fourth part of their number as on and by the deeree on jodge Peter's protel agdut it, and that this is the refe with our Well India affairs, to poom gut to be depended on That part of the appears. was expected, that the court has as well as that I have foto the whale ta I have read the prosth to the ably the fcophantis intimate c00fd to mara America retire pople who were patriots wong at.no yoration or powers to Imeriere la Geese tolerably errorare-you may rely o wating haween the men of the the contemnation or orains of prisms my information and alie the governor's letter Pay Frile atencion to calumniaturs from Ways Other confeftures have raken place, the Well Ladies as they have done to the country and that of their own pride The taken by the French & to foun as this Bandero reports of the emigrants from til power that would have pledget iteit decree was known, the captors were showr Loirate them is their narral rights to take the Dip into their own charge, that Mr. Genes has had a Deportation Lurepe would have gained them over to their harten very escaped der ford from ear farretaries, and that he confered rosake bark the pen the conditions, the items of colour said not have the Executive of the United States, addr of plated between a revolution which eller di Covernor M. Arading him to rather too remely It to affy fed that he call out militia and par Arong goard too aries missing for fake of the peare dth their true place, and counter revulation by mr of hich fuppeling it the grimey in order to prevent the of the United States captors from (sking poffeffion of her The That there is freng region in bel p this loft affertios. I agree. but that he will light infantry are accord:gly called out! and performed dory for wer three days ft with the oral ormar and ignity witheet kane ing for what parpole, except I have not a debt, for I Brmly believe him to be one of the bell men spoo rarth, inne. from the reports of the towa, which were. that it was to preferve the prize from port of his great talenia and inter being barut of run away with by the Briti publicanim I would be but pour and pitius com failure And the fastry were fo for their own conjeffures Est how great foch man, and lush safe ses of th impofed on by public report, as well as doft in our ective to attempt tracing was their ofanit et hea the truth was berty infelf with the resine the Ting the trip from the capture better it would be sỡng đưmn-calinen at length difcored wit that they bast ber of-speed, I hope without fenidat.on nahe Brit-They then felesly oppofisten to the ExERAL CENTIMET themifa, that had they known the real pralind, under the command of for an ar being therefore dested all oppoterlater at well & have beard many of of AMERICs, and we are not yet. Gede twe wines, the Brit including all the have obryed the governor's orders spared to and the earcation of them cause it being rolled out, they would orbitrary goverment de to have the las The reafe of the Executive of the aged contrary or for and de Surely if there be United States impoling this duty on C. principles the continent to coel the reging over for be caly Bed adet that thing us who are bocemons for by the refpiration of the beltume air of this alleged in be this, that the from in preferring prace with Brg chirally court had declared item and Spain, be they ought not to k liberty and equally Ton form to affed very fincere on. Colant of the Press Wet Inken. Ijodge of the hilt of it. wis to in show count on to Frame erde and jei lame thing or frang esfer the batonal laws, hich you gre the bent to Bep forward and fear the •ppearance of or learn to ear of all of the buffair powers ing toified in came of Frescames ferd bone pres compled spa by the watsufe you before the whole quid of payin May p your that astute you of big wooded the one dersi in cuftody of the Unit men muß be beyond all deakt was captured the form the forced the execution of shefe laws of the mandatet for contoking the fratered States unit fach time as it could be dease, joffice and honor, güde to through To the pleatings before julge Pum again? which you have waged was thefe general, fo for at regarded the people of deemed, wherber the colour I accuft you of boving trampled within the bounds of the procedieo of the Umied ScoİPE on this fubjen, Mr Levis unfels be three years pal Nebody but YOU (year under fact the decree of the eighth of This, however, is only farme for 10 g other areas to pare colour I mean has been guilty of an in fringement of thale very layou had (worn March the oth article of the antemed renting it to have been the real faise that the crait of artsy ought to have hich urged the Prefident to the shepherd then in the cafe cferred, that were To fupport Nobody but you opposed the caftruction of the ith of May, before it came into ex tock deals have been but fatef we ander an arbitrary government the fevereignty of the people and the DE Apace and you proclaimed open war CREWS of their reperíem camt alles patied into a decine, and tory tome public to have bad fome expls chief magiftrate might las heads on de If the name of FRENCHMAN had become thru the inf-ence of guns agrors at nation Brahe beliefs, without making fuck price and desain it gaida propre che cold be har But the aetate of the burdenfume 10 you if ofte on Pracomats. Paris, you oppofed its being sent to the myfler aus j-ece of work of Theon kand the sequence has been, as I am intermed, that Loned Spine bed no tuch power theintere es of your principles and fituating you had Bande till you had tune is thehet Miis fel: hun-f.. le rather an there was the great fun for the charts fasered that a political regeneraci 1 bis war the fubitane of and faries, and as he had been exterence would never ful men of your call them ones of Bention and Frighten national afembly from its be refsin order the dety of guarding the French what Mr Lewis declared Yo hod fair and open condotto be preferred Laccufe you of having pot a Were the are prize, he withed to be discharged by the that the executive did after exerci young to have declared to the world lame theriy But the Prefides left pomer, which Mr Lewis deed the ma that you never meant tohave a here in the to the hands of your days. rowninth to Mount Vernon in the gende Nay, they feard the peo gloriage 10-ls of France, that the fear of crate were planning a counter fevelop mt of this dispute, and the French Conrace & by their merit and iron 11, FREEDOM was a species of rainment on, you were always unwilling to wire youfles with the thizem of colourin ful red worm preseft again the by a guard of The refus illy adapted to your degenerate Romach bote proceedings declaring that day known, y the court dilcharged the Yen ought not, however to advocate order to eppafe Dem. & the daily increas power on earth has right to terfere or arren and the guard charged. ear laws and oppose them afterwing torrent of Valstoftiam acute you of between the Preach republie and its en the Lord An A by argouston, we Whenever a colony becomes weary of low having cut off hopes of main be pla are fel and in the blence of the Pres. mother enonery it is as more than jufting treaties contrary to the laws of w and by threatengan rndependenty dent of the United States -photo. that they Bud thake of its year to think that our go which you were neither Arong nor hardy fed in the late section of the athically in independence is appoind. wage wor I acceft you of court, and the prefent arrell and detecting however, though is undertake But ipfalt to injury 1 called for feparate care, and have trend order ward by grond, of the prize, was an overagement thould the its own wrak& of the republis eur able to in the mean time frigorates up for re-hand and of having meditated murder the shery of the official nincs grofping twice at a poor which it und des astmes of the moment you were of the minifter A cops of the stel was fat by Me Du Bring the cordial embraces of reconcilia en-in fart to loaded are yen with port, the Freach Conful, to governor M.S. in, bit before it had reached him, for bad crimes, that there is fusesely any thing of who I might aut juffly weeple yourpatched a letter to Mr. Doyent form. ing him that the ship William, power of Take the then warning. He and con On whatever fide we turn our eyes redy at a party of the ton of philadel Bored there are men hara fußcently phu, would be delivered to him whenever fee nothing in nerare that der gove:bed with your affairs to prevent Guld please apply in rentequrie My laws proper to it ex-fearr & hicho sey impation cn the people of the Luted of 10 strangement between the Secretary not paired inner te obey for h Stare, on the fore of State and the minister of Four by law to acquire PRITY Purces which in Từự matmee of it being s which it was agrend, (as the secretary stable in Mon turmed Rover MAC) that theBary to the mode of its • out reglected by Jon Creston the fi arken ledged the deputies from the top Willis fall be placed his, the Com which to has a partidar and which that fit was taken within the limits of the pre him the empire of the world thes people of colour but by mber medure fud's, poletna stared, whe they were firmanda rejetted, time will that happiness and profpency are delighed the-See Miraban's letter to his anft,protein of the United States for him to order proper to refore him Cand verbal Proces of the conftun these That beaven barn en fembly Presh palmtrag which gands macking as bretro, in for fuperias 10 the internings of ctern here ce, as to be the objeft sather of terition than of igutation burhub. poveren mit der prder to be. Cease profpered, and happy Jemers of OUR OWN! For three years pail your randul hat bres little else than feries of sepreci pied pride, undercled (shes, and on You have watered bounded ferenity the Peld in defence of the blondy, but chedh prejudices of your female-you have waged war again the people of ro leur (mularines] with poignard and allows. while bearing the Olive Branch of PRACe they proffered you their prayers and increst Your mangrove have been constantly in the dark, and the would gr cadis the veil of forrery CONVINCED.length of the abfurding You leadly oppofed the law celain that the computer of re alema regesen of the confcups? in fer of app CRPCUTIVE wren of the power of centering the low, or rather t FACSIMILE OF NATIONAL GAZETTE a good deal excited the public attention, I took for granted from Freneau's character, which had been marked as that of a good Whig, that he would give free place to pieces written against the aristocratical and monarchical principles these papers had inculcated. "This having been in my mind, it is likely enough I may have expressed it in conversation with others, though I do not recollect that I did; to Freneau I think I could not, because I had still seen him but once, and that was at a public table at breakfast at Mrs. Ellsworth's, as I passed through New York the last year; and I can safely declare that my expectations looked only to the chastisement of the aristocratical and monarchical writers, and not to any criticisms on the proceedings of the government. Colonel Hamilton can see no motive for any appointment but that of making a convenient partisan; but you, Sir, who have received from me recommendations of a Rittenhouse, Barlow, Paine, will believe that talent and science are sufficient motives with me in appointments to which they are fitted, and that Freneau, as a man of genius, might find a preference in my eye to be a translating clerk, and make good title, moreover, to the little aids I could give him as the editor of a gazette, by procuring subscriptions to his paper as I did,-some before it appeared, and as I have with pleasure done for the labors of men of genius. As to the merits or demerits of his paper, they certainly concern me not. He and Fenno are rivals for the public favor. The latter courts them by flattery, the former by censure, and I believe it will be admitted that the latter has been as servile as the former severe. But is not the dignity and even decency of government committed when one of its principal ministers enlists himself as an anonymous writer, or paragraphist, for either the one or the other of them? No government ought to be without censors; and where the press is free, no one ever will. If virtuous it need not fear the fair operation of attack and defence; nature has given to man no other means of sifting out the truth, either in religion, law, or politics. I think it as honorable to the government neither to know nor notice its sycophants or censors as it would be undignified and criminal to pamper the former and persecute the latter." The It was a time of fierce political excitement; the new Constitution not being in fair working order, was consequently exposed in its weakest point, that of its infancy, to the attack of its adversaries. "National Gazette" is said to have been, under Freneau, a powerful political paper; and for Jefferson to have such a powerful machine with which to fling his weapons at the heads of the government did not appear a very agreeable prospect to the opposite party. In speaking of the keenness and readiness of these weapons, Mr. Benjamin says, "What Tyrtæus was to the Spartans, was Freneau to the Republicans or antiFederalists.' Certainly he did a work, and a great one in his own way, for often what can be accomplished by no other means may be by ridicule, wit, and irony; and these Freneau could always bring to his aid. The first, a German critic has compared to a blow of the fist, the second to the irritating prick of a needle, and the third to the prick of a thorn. In 1791 the Secretary of the Treasury proposed a "Bank of the United States," but this plan Jefferson violently opposed, deeming it unconstitutional and of a dangerous character, considering the feeling then existing in the Southern States; but Hamilton carried his point, and the bank was chartered in the same year, with ten million dollars as capital. The anti-Federalists were much opposed to this bank, and Freneau, who was always able, when pressed, to bring his muse to his aid, composed some doggerel for the occasion; it probably served to let off a little of his surplus steam : "George, on thy virtues often have I dwelt, Yet thou 'rt a man, although perhaps the first, And since with error human nature's curst, She gave thee not the power to 'stablish banks." Nevertheless, the "Bank of the United States" continued until President Jackson's time; but he, having always been its implacable enemy, vetoed the renewal of the charter in 1831; and at its expiration in 1836 it died the death, involving many interested in it. This act of Jackson's was considered a stroke of wisdom, but Freneau did not live to see it accomplished; he died the year before the renewal of the charter was vetoed. One of the criticisms to which the newly framed Constitution was subjected was that of developing as much of a monarchical form of government, as well as its etiquette, as was possible. It was well known that the Secretary of the Treasury was in favor of curtailing State sovereignty and investing the federal authority with as great an amount of prestige as was consistent with a republican form of government; and that the Vice-President, according to his own words, considered the "love of superiority and desire of distinction, admiration, and applause the great springs of human activity, at least in all that related to politics, and that no government could be secure or permanent which did not provide for the reasonable gratification as well as for the due restraint of this principal passion; and that therefore a certain mixture of aristocracy and monarchy was necessary to that balance of interests and sentiments without which free governments could not exist." It was also well known that the chief magistrate inclined to English etiquette, as well as towards govern |