a meeting and arrest anyone present. By s. 7, a prosecution must be commenced within six months after the offence committed.'

Judgment was reversed for a defective indictment under s. 1: Gogarty, L. R. 1 Ir. Jur. 203; 3 Cox C. C. 306, 1849: Q. B. Ir.:

error.

Triable at Q. S.

UNLAWFUL COMBINATION.

See Oaths.

UNLAWFUL OATH.

See Oaths.

UNLAWFUL SOCIETY.

See Oaths.

UNNATURAL OFFENCE.

See Sodomy.

UNWHOLESOME FOOD, SELLING.

See p. 630, and some cases under False Pretences.

UTTERING, CRIMINAL.

See under Forgery and Coining.

VAGRANCY.

See Rogue and Vagabond and Living on Immoral Earnings.

VEGETABLE PRODUCE, OFFENCES IN RESPECT OF.

See under Arson, Fixtures and Trees. 'Trees, growing crops, fruit and similar vegetable produce are not, while they are still annexed to the land, the subjects of larceny; but it is larceny at common law to take them after they have been severed from the land either by the owner or by any other person, even the thief himself, provided in the case of the thief that the severance and the taking are not one continuous act': 9 Halsbury, 637.

VETERINARY SURGEON, OFFENCES BY.
See Medical Men.

VIOLENCE.

See specific titles and Index and 6-7 G. 5, 50, 29 (2).

WAR OFFENCES

(i.e. not criminal in time of peace). See under Treason. See 5 G. 5, 8, the Defence of the Realm Consolidation A. 1914, and the amending A. 1915, 5 G. 5, 34; and Kupfer and M.

WATER, LARCENY OF.

'Water in a pond or running in a channel is, it seems, not the subject of larceny: 9 Halsbury, 643; but that supplied by companies to consumers in the usual way is.

WEAPONS, CRIMINAL USE OF.
See under specific crimes of Violence.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, OFFENCES RELATING TO.

See under Cheating and False Pretences.

WILLS, LARCENY OF.

See under Written Instruments.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY, UNLICENSED.

By 4 E. 7, 24, 1 (3): 'If any person establishes a wireless telegraph station without a licence in that behalf he shall be guilty of a misdemeanour'; maximum punishment on indictment, 100l. fine or twelve months' imp. w. h. 1., and in either case forfeiture of the apparatus. By (4), search warrants may be issued after 'information on oath,' to inspect and to seize suspected installations.

WITNESS, TAMPERING WITH, &c.

See Perversion of Justice. It was not doubted by the K. B. that 'spiriting' away a witness (summoned even by Commissioners of Excise) was a common law misdemeanour: Steventon (an attorney) and others, 2 East, 362, 1802.

Triable at Q. S.

WOODS, ARSON OF.

See 24-5 V. 97, 16.

WORKMEN, OFFENCES BY.

See Conspiracies in Restraint, &c. 'Workman' is defined there and under Employers. Cf. pp. 839, 842.

Embezzling, &c. materials] See 17 G. 3, 56, under Embezzlement, where it is shown that for certain manufactures and except as respects certain other manufactures, trades, occupations and employments,' that A. is still alive. Hence s. 1, which for a second offence imposes a (maximum) sentence of three months' imp. w. h. 1. and a public whipping, still founds a claim to trial by jury.

WORKS OF ART, MEMORIALS OF THE DEAD, &c.—
INJURIES TO.

By 24-5 V. 97, 39: Whosoever shall unlawfully and maliciously destroy or damage any book, manuscript, picture, print, statue, bust, or vase, or any other article or thing kept for the purposes of art, science, or literature, or as an object of curiosity in any museum, gallery, cabinet, library, or other repository, which museum, gallery, cabinet, library, or other repository is either at all times or from time to time open for the admission of the public or of any considerable number of persons to view the same, either by the permission of the proprietor thereof, or by the payment of money before entering the same, or any picture, statue, monument, or other memorial of the dead, painted glass, or other ornament or work of art, in any church, chapel, meeting-house, or other place of divine worship, or in any building belonging to the Queen, or to any county, riding, division, city, borough, poor-law union, parish or place, or to any university, or college, or hall of any university, or to any inn of court, or in any street, square, churchyard, burial-ground, public garden, or ground, or any statue or monument exposed to public view, or any ornament, railing, or fence surrounding such statue or monument, shall be guilty of a misdemeanour'; maximum punishment, imprisonment for six months, with hard labour, and, if a male under the age of sixteen years, with or without whipping.'

WOUNDING.

Statutes] See under Assault.

Where the indictment is for wounding, it must appear that the skin was broken; a mere contusion is not sufficient. Where prosecutor was struck with a bludgeon, and the skin was broken, and blood flowed, Patteson J. said that it was not material what the instrument used was, and held the case to be within a rpd. A. Payne, 4 C. & P. 558, 1838. Littledale J. directed an acquittal when it appeared that the skin was not broken or incised: Anon., about 1829, in Wood, 1 Moo. C. O. 280; 4 C. & P. 381, 1830. On the strength of that case, where there was (a savage assault but) no proof of an incised wound, the judge told the jury that he was clear that it need not be an incised wound; on verdict of guilty, this was reserved for the judges, who, from the continuity of the skin not being broken, resolved, by a large majority, that there was no wound, and that the conviction was wrong. See also Moriarty v. Brooks, 6 C. & P. 684, 1834. So a scratch is not a wound within the [rpd.] statute; there must at least be a division of the external surface of the body': per Parke B., Beckett, 1 Moo. & R. 526, 1836. So it was held by Coleridge, Bosanquet, and Coltman JJ., that to constitute a wound it is necessary that there should be a separation of the whole skin, and a separation of the cuticle or upper skin only is not sufficient.' M'Loughlin, 8 C. & P. 635, 1838. But where a blow given with a hammer broke the lower jaw in two places, and the skin was broken internally, but not externally, and there was not much blood, L. Denman C.J. and Parke J. held this a wounding within another rpd. A. L. Smith, 8 C. & P. 173, 1837. Where a heavy hammer, thrown at prosecutor, struck him on the face, and broke the skin for an inch and a half, on a conviction, the judges being asked whether the injury was 'a stab' or 'a cut' or a 'wound' within the rpd. A., held that the conviction for wounding was right. Withers, 1 Moo. C. C. 294; 4 C. & P. 446, 1831. Where prosecutor was struck on the outside of his hat with an air-gun, and the hard rim of his hat driven into his head, but the gun did not come directly in contact therewith, the judges held this to be a wounding within that A. Sheard, 7 C. & P. 816; 2 Moo. C. C. 13, 1837. A kick may 'wound': Duffill, 1 Cox C. C. 49, 1843.

Throwing vitriol in the face of prosecutor with intent, &c., was held not to be a wounding within that statute, though the jury found expressly that a wound was the result of the act, on the ground that no instrument was used nor an immediate wound produced. Murrow, 1 Moo. C. C. 456, 1835. See also Gray, 1857.