disease, the District Council of the district in which the house is situate may make an order forbidding any work to which this provision applies to be given out to any person living or working in that house, or such part thereof as may be specified in the order, and any order so made may be served on the occupier of any factory or workshop, or any other place from which work is given out, or on the contractor employed by any such occupier.

The order may be made notwithstanding that the person suffering from an infectious disease may have been removed from the house, and the order must be made either for a specified time or subject to the condition that the house or part thereof liable to be infected shall be disinfected to the satisfaction of the Medical Officer of Health, or that other reasonable precautions shall be adopted (Section 110).

In any case of urgency the powers conferred on the District Council by this provision may be exercised by any two or more members of the Council acting on the advice of the Medical Officer of Health.

Domestic Factories and Workshops.-The rest of Part VI. deals with the application to these workplaces of the general provisions of the Act as to hours of employment, intervals for meals, etc., and with dangerous processes and definitions of terms, and has already been included in the treatment of these subjects in preceding pages.

CHAPTER XIV

SPECIAL MODIFICATIONS, ETC. OF THE FACTORY ACT

SECTIONS 87 to 106 of the Factory and Workshop Act, 1901, deal in detail with the exceptional position of (1) tenement factories, (2) cotton cloth and other humid factories, (3) bakehouses, (4) laundries, (5) docks, (6) buildings in course of construction, and (7) railways. In 1907 there was further legislation as to laundries, and in 1911 as to cotton cloth factories.

In this chapter we shall also state the effect of the Notice of Accidents Act, 1894, so far as later legislation has left it in force. That Act now only applies to (a) the construction, use, working, or repair of any railway, tramroad, tramway, canal, bridge, tunnel, or other work authorised by any local or personal Act of Parliament, and (b) the use or working of any traction engine or other engine or machine worked by steam in the open air.

TENEMENT FACTORIES

Duties of Owner.-Section 87 of the Act of 1901 is as follows:

(1) The owner (whether or not he is one of the occupiers) of a tenement factory shall, instead of the occupier, be liable for the observance, and punishable for non-observance, of the following provisions of this Act, namely, the provisions with respect to

(i.) The cleanliness, freedom from effluvia, overcrowding and ventilation of factories, contained in Section 1 of the

Act, including, so far as they relate to any engine-house, passage, or staircase, or to any room which is let to more than one tenant, the provisions with respect to limewashing and washing of the interior of a factory.

(ii.) The fencing of machinery, and penal compensation for neglect to fence machinery in a factory, except so far as relates to such parts of the machinery as are supplied by the occupier.

(iii.) The notices to be affixed in a factory with respect to the period of employment, times for meals, and system of employment of children.

(iv.) The prevention of the inhalation of dust, gas, vapour, or other impurity, so far as that provision requires the supply of pipes or other contrivances necessary for working the fan or other means for that purpose; and

(v.) The affixing of an abstract and notices in a factory. Provided that any occupier may affix in his own tenement the notice with respect to the period of employment, times for meals, and system of employment of children, and thereupon that notice shall, with respect to persons employed by that occupier, have effect in substitution for the corresponding notice affixed by the owner.

(2) The provisions of the Act with respect to the power to make orders in the case of dangerous premises shall apply in the case of a tenement factory as if the owner were substituted for the occupier.

(3) In the case of any tenement factory or class of tenement factories used wholly or partly for the weaving of cotton cloth, the owner shall, if the Secretary of State by Order so directs, be substituted for the occupier for the purpose of the requirements of Section 7 and Section 94 of the Act or of any Order of the Secretary of State with respect to ventilation.

(4) Where, by or under this section, the owner of a tenement factory is substituted for the occupier with respect to any provisions of the Act, any summons, notice, or proceeding, which for the purpose of any of those provisions is by the Act required or authorised to be served on or taken in relation to the occupier, is hereby required or authorised

(as the case may be) to be served on or taken in relation to the owner.

Regulations as to Grinding of Cutlery.-Section 88 provides that (1) where grinding is carried on in a tenement factory, the owner of the factory shall be responsible for the observance of the Regulations set forth in the 3rd Schedule (see Appendix IX. (a)).

(2) In every such tenement factory it shall be the duty of the owner and of the occupier of the factory respectively to see that such part of the horsing chains and of the hooks to which the chains are attached as are supplied by them respectively are kept in efficient condition.

(3) In every tenement factory where grinding of cutlery is carried on, the owner of the factory shall provide that there shall at all times be instantaneous communication between each of the rooms in which the work is carried on and both the engine-room and the boiler-house.

(4) A tenement factory in which there is a contravention of this section shall be deemed not to be kept in conformity with this Act, but for the purposes of any proceeding in respect of a provision for the observance of which the owner of the factory is responsible, that owner shall be substituted for the occupier of the factory.

(5) This section shall not apply to a textile factory.

Certificate of Fitness.-Section 89 provides that a certificate of the fitness of any young person or child for employment in a tenement factory shall be valid for his similar employment in any part of the same tenement factory.

COTTON CLOTH AND OTHER HUMID FACTORIES

Under the Factory and Workshop (Cotton Cloth Factories) Act, 1911, the Secretary of State may make Regulations for the purpose of giving effect to such of the recommendations contained in the second report, dated January 1911, of the Committee appointed by the Secretary of State on November 27, 1907, to inquire into the question of humidity and ventilation in cotton cloth factories, as he may deem necessary for the protection of health in cotton cloth factories, and any

Regulations so made are to have effect as if embodied in Part V. of the Act of 1901, and may be substituted for the provisions contained in Sections 90, 91, 92, 94, and the 4th Schedule of that Act or any of those provisions.

Section 95 of the Act of 1901 is to apply to any contravention of or non-compliance with any Regulations so made, but it is to be read as if twenty-four months were substituted for twelve months.

These powers were exercised by Regulations (S.R. and O., 1911, No. 1259) dated December 21, 1911, which are set out in Appendix IX. (b).

Section 93 of the Act of 1901 and Section 95 of the same Act (amended by the Act of 1911) deal with artificial humidity and penalties.

Under Section 93, (1) the occupier of every cotton cloth factory in which humidity of the atmosphere is produced by any artificial means whatsoever (except by gas used for lighting purposes only) shall, at or before the time at which such artificial production of humidity is commenced, give notice thereof in writing to the Chief Inspector of Factories.

(2) Every factory in respect of which any such notice has been given shall be visited by an inspector once at least in every three months. The inspector shall examine into the temperature, humidity of the atmosphere, ventilation, and quantity of fresh air in the factory, or shall report to the Chief Inspector of Factories in the prescribed form.

(3) If at any time the occupier of any factory in respect of which any such notice has been given ceases to produce humidity by artificial means, he may give notice in writing of such cessation, and from the date of that notice, and so long as humidity is not artificially produced in the factory, the provisions of this section shall not apply to that factory.

Section 95, as amended, provides that if in the case of any cotton cloth factory there is a contravention of or noncompliance with any of the provisions with regard to cotton cloth factories, the inspector shall give notice in writing to the occupier of the factory of the acts or omissions constituting the contravention or non-compliance; and if those acts or omissions, or any of them, are continued or not remedied,