A sailor's account of the cruises and battles of the Constellation.

Periodicals:

North American Review, October, 1825, January, Octo

ber, 1826, July, 1827: Articles by Edward Everett on French (and other) spoliation claims. American Quarterly Review, September, 1831, June, 1835: French spoliations. See also Democratic Review, February, 1844; Hunt's Merchants' Magazine, February, 1845, October, 1846; Atlantic Monthly, August, 1870, February, 1891; Magazine of American History, July, 1884; and Boston Monthly Magazine, January, 1826: Caleb Cushing on claims against Denmark.

American Historical Review, April, 1897, April, July, 1898, January, April, 1905: western schemes of France and other nations.

Proceedings of the U. S. Naval Institute, September, 1906 (No. 119): "Early Naval Administration under the Constitution," by Charles Oscar Paullin.

The Port Folio, January and March, 1809: Sketch of Commodore Truxtun, with letters not elsewhere published.

Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society,

June, 1883: Extracts from the log of the frigate Boston (with one or two errors of transcription). Putnam's Monthly, May and June, 1853: Articles by J. F. Cooper on the frigate Constitution.

The United Service, July, 1883: "The Quasi-War with France," by Lieut. Nathan Sargent, U. S. N.; November, 1889, to April, 1890: "The United States Revenue Cutter Service," by 1st Lieut. Horatio D. Smith, U. S. R. C. S.

Newspapers:

Russell's Gazette, Commercial and Political (Boston Commercial Gazette); Columbian Centinel and Massachusetts Federalist (Boston); Massachusetts Mercury (Boston. Name changed in 1801 to The Mercury and N. E. Palladium); Independent Chronicle and Universal Advertiser (Boston); Thomas's Massachusetts Spy, or Worcester Gazette; Salem Gazette; Connecticut Courant (Hartford); Connecticut Journal (New Haven); Gazette of the United States and Philadelphia Daily Advertiser; Federal Gazette and Baltimore Daily Advertiser.

The newspapers printed many letters and reports not to be found elsewhere; also shipping news and general news items, the latter to be accepted with caution.

MANUSCRIPT SOURCES.

Massachusetts Historical Society. Pickering Papers. [Pickering.]

Timothy Pickering was Secretary of State from 1795 to 1800, and the papers contain a good deal of naval as well as political material.

The original log-book of the frigate Boston is in the Library of the Society.

Adams Papers. Correspondence of President John Adams. Charles Francis Adams, Esq., kindly caused an examination to be made of this collection, which however contains little naval material relating to the period concerned. Wadsworth Papers, containing Truxtun's address: "To the Midshipmen of the Navy, and particularly those who serve with me." Extracts made with the permission of R. K. Longfellow, Esq.

Navy Department. The correspondence of this period is contained in a number of miscellaneous volumes and is somewhat scanty, as the regular series of letters from captains and other officers do not begin until later. The earlier material is arranged as follows: 1. Correspondence on naval affairs under the War Department, 1790-1798, in one volume; 2. Letters from the Navy Department to the President, one volume; 3. Letters from the Navy Department to the Secretary of War, one volume; 4. Letters from the Navy Department to Congress, one volume; 5. General letters from the Navy Department, first four volumes; 6. Letter Book, 15 May, 1799, to 18 July, 1807, letters from the Navy Department, one volume; 7. Miscellaneous Letters to the Navy Department, first volume; 8. Letter Book of Captain Alexander Murray: letters to the Navy Department, one volume; 9. A few log-books.

II

TREATIES

Only the most important articles and those giving rise to controversy are given. The full text may be found in Treaties and Conventions and in volume viii of Statutes at Large. Treaties with France:

1. Treaty of Amity and Commerce, February 6, 1778. Ratified by Congress May 4, 1778.

Art. XVII. It shall be lawful for the ships of war of either party, and privateers, freely to carry whithersoever they please the ships and goods taken from their enemies, without being obliged to pay any duty to the officers of the admiralty or any other judges; nor shall

such prizes be arrested or seized when they come to and enter the ports of either party; nor shall the searchers or other officers of those places search the same, or make examination concerning the lawfulness of such prizes, but they may hoist sail at any time, and depart and carry their prizes to the places expressed in their commissions, which the commanders of such ships of war shall be obliged to show; on the contrary, no shelter or refuge shall be given in their ports to such as shall have made prize of the subjects, people or property of either of the parties; but if such shall come in, being forced by stress of weather, or the danger of the sea, all proper means shall be vigorously used that they go out and retire from thence as soon as possible.

Art. XXII. It shall not be lawful for any foreign privateers, not belonging to subjects of the Most Christian King nor citizens of the said United States, who have commissions from any other Prince or State in enmity with either nation, to fit their ships in the ports of either the one or the other of the aforesaid parties, to sell what they have taken, or in any other manner whatsoever to exchange their ships, merchandises or any other lading; neither shall they be allowed even to purchase victuals, except such as shall be necessary for their going to the next port of that Prince or State from which they have commissions.

Art. XXIII. And it is hereby stipulated that free ships shall also give a freedom to goods, and that everything shall be deemed to be free and exempt which shall be found on board the ships belonging to the subjects of either of the confederates, although the whole lading or any part thereof should appertain to the enemies of either, contraband goods being always excepted. It is also

agreed in like manner that the same liberty be extended to persons who are on board a free ship, with this effect, that although they be enemies to both or either party, they are not to be taken out of that free ship, unless they are soldiers and in actual service of the enemies.

Art. xxv. To the end that all manner of dissensions and quarrels may be avoided and prevented, on one side and the other, it is agreed that in case either of the parties hereto should be engaged in war, the ships and vessels belonging to the subjects or people of the other ally must be furnished with sea-letters or passports, expressing the name, property and bulk of the ship, as also the name and place of habitation of the master or commander of the said ship, that it may appear thereby that the ship really and truly belongs to the subjects of one of the parties, which passport shall be made out and granted according to the form annexed to this treaty; they shall likewise be recalled every year, that is, if the ship happens to return home within the space of a year.

Art. XXVII. If the ships of the said subjects, people or inhabitants of either of the parties shall be met with, either sailing along the coasts or on the high seas, by any ship of war of the other, or by any privateers, the said ships of war or privateers, for the avoiding of any disorder, shall remain out of cannon-shot, and may send their boats aboard the merchant ship which they shall so meet with, and may enter her to number of two or three men only, to whom the master or commander of such ship or vessel shall exhibit his passport concerning the property of the ship, made out according to the form inserted in this present treaty, and the ship, when she shall have showed such passport, shall be free and at