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GEOGRAPHY

RULIFF S. HOLWAY, A.B., M.S., Associate Professor of Physical Geography. Instructor in Climatology.

Courses 1A and 1B are general introductory courses in geography; either may be taken without the other. Course 2 is offered to students in the colleges of applied science in place of 1B. Courses 1A and 1B may be counted as prescribed science in the colleges of general culture, as may course 3 if taken by lower division students who offer la or lв as a prerequisite.

Geology 1B and 106 are prerequisite to a major subject in geography. Students taking geography as a major are expected to offer two approved major courses in geology or in economic geography, or in history, in addition to the prescribed major work in the department; Astronomy 1 and 2A are recommended.

Teacher's Certificate.-Applicants for the teacher's recommendation must be prepared to teach the four subdivisions of the usual high school course in physical geography. The general science preparation must include at least matriculation physics and chemistry. In addition to courses 113, 114, 115, and 118, the candidate must offer at least one major course in geology and one in economic geography and Astronomy 1 and 2A. The final examination for candidates for the recommendation may preferably be taken as a prerequisite to course 220.

LOWER DIVISION COURSES

1A. Fundamentals of Modern Geography.

Associate Professor HOLWAY and Mr. Present land forms; the forces and processes that have resulted in these forms; their effect upon human development. Aims and methods of geographical science, its past and present problems. Remaining problems in discovery and exploration; polar expeditions and their value. Prescribed for students in the College of Commerce.

3 hrs., first half-year. M W and alternate F, 8. Laboratory sections: I, M, 1-3; II, M, 3-5; III, Tu, 10-12; IV, W, 3-5; V, Th, 8-10; VI, Th, 1-3; VII, F, 1-3. Either 1A or 1в may be taken separately without prerequisite.

1B. Elementary Meteorology.

Mr.

The study of weather. The weather elements and controls of weather. Temperature, pressure, and general winds of the world. Storms and the principles of forecasting. The principal types of climate.

3 hrs., second half-year; 3 units. Lectures, M W and alternate F, 8. Laboratory work in sections: I, M, 1–3; II, Tu, 10–12; III, Tu, 1–3; IV, Th, 1-3.

*2. Meteorological Practice.

Mr. Instrumental and non-instrumental observations. The collection and use of meteorological data, especially regarding temperature and rainfall. The equipment of stations and the treatment of observations for practical use. Lectures and laboratory work.

This course is intended to give students of agriculture, engineering, and allied subjects such knowledge of meteorological instruments and data as will be useful to them in their work. It is open to no others without special permission. The work will be mainly in the laboratory with the instruments and data.

4 hrs., first half-year; 2 units. Tu, 1-5.

Introduction to Economic Geography. [Economics 3A.]

A study of the relations between geography and economics.

3 hrs., second half-year. M W F, 10. Prerequisite: Geography 1A.

UPPER DIVISION COURSES
FREE ELECTIVE COURSE

3. Physical and Climatic Features of California.

Associate Professor HoLWAY. The interpretation of the scenery and of the climatic features of the state, with special reference to the life and activities of the people. Lantern slide study of the scenery of the state as developed in the different physiographic provinces under normal, arid, and glacial conditions. Lower division students must present course 1A or 1B as a prerequisite.

3 hrs., second half-year; 3 units. M W F, 3.

102. Field Physiography.

MAJOR COURSES

Associate Professor HOLWAY. A study of the topography in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay. The observation and interpretation of topographic forms.

2 units, first half-year; eight field days. Agreed Saturdays and one trip, Th to S, inclusive. Lectures, Th, 2. Prerequisite: course la and Geology 106. Traveling expenses may amount to $15. Prescribed for the major in physical geography.

*113. Climatology. (General Course.)

Mr.

The broader aspects of climate, especially in relation to man.

3 hrs., first half-year. M W F, 8. Prerequisite: course 1B.

*114. Oceanography.

Mr.

A study of the ocean and the oceanic circulation in their geographic relations. Tides and ocean currents; the use of maps and charts in navigation; trade routes and their significance.

3 hrs., first half-year. Tu Th S, 8. Prerequisites: course 1в and Astronomy and 2A.

*Not to be given, 1915-16.

115. Physiography of California.

Associate Professor HOLWAY.

A study of the physical features of California, with particular reference to the causes and processes involved in the evolution of topographic forms.

3 hrs., second half-year; 3 units.

M W and alternate F, 9, and two

hours laboratory work to be arranged. Prerequisite: courses 1A and 102 or Geology 106.

115A. Relief Modeling.

Laboratory work in making relief models.

Mr.

Either half-year. Hours and credit to be arranged. The consent of the instructor must be obtained before enrollment.

116A. Geography of the Americas: North America.

Mr.

A study of the physiography and climate of North America with special emphasis on the United States.

3 hrs., first half-year. M W, 11, and a third hour to be arranged. Prerequisite: course la or 1B.

116B. Geography of the Americas: South America.

Mr.

A study of the topography and climate of South America and its relation to the rest of the world.

3 hrs., second half-year. M W, 11, and a third hour to be arranged. Prerequisite: course 1A or 1B.

118. Advanced Physiography.

Associate Professor HOLWAY.

A study of recent physiographic publications and of the principles controlling the evolution of topography.

3 hrs., second half-year. M W F, 10. Prerequisite: courses 102 and 115. Prescribed for seniors taking physical geography as a major subject.

118A. Advanced Physiography.

Associate Professor HOLWAY.

Special assignments and the preparation of a thesis in connection with course 118. Hours and credit to be arranged.

*122. Climatology of the Pacific Coast States.

Mr.

The controls of climate on the Pacific Coast of the United States. The climatic features of the western United States, especially in relation to the life of man in the region.

3 hrs., second half-year. Tu Th, 9; and a third hour to be arranged. Prerequisite: course 1B.

Intended for students who want a somewhat detailed knowledge of the climatic conditions of the region. General students are advised to take course 3. Both courses may not be taken by the same student without the consent of the instructor.

219. Research.

GRADUATE COURSES

Associate Professor HoLWAY. Students registering for field work should have at least two days free each week or, preferably, should register for summer work. This course may also include library study in collating geographical data from scientific reports of Pacific Coast work in geology, botany, irrigation, and other allied subjects.

Not less than 2 units each half-year. Hours to be arranged.

220. The Teaching of Physical Geography.

Associate Professor HoLWAY.

The teaching of physical geography in secondary schools, with a study of recent text-books, laboratory manuals, and laboratory and field work.

4 hrs., second half-year; 2 units. Tu Th, 3–5.

The opportunity for research work in the physical geography of California is almost unlimited. No state in the Union has a greater variety of topographical forms and as yet practically nothing but the most general study of these forms has been made. Within a short distance of the Universtity the coast line topography is most striking and many special problems in connection with ocean terraces and sea-cliff erosion will yield valuable results. Peculiarities of drainage, fault zone topography, and remnants of former geographic cycles are almost at our doors. Within the limits of the state, problems varying from the study of living glaciers to the erosion conditions of the most arid deserts are available for investigation by qualified students. The meteorology and climatology of the state also offer abundant work for original observations, and the extensive data collected by the Weather Bureau may be used for study in this field.

In addition to the field work suggested above, there is need for extensive research in the University Library in order that geographical data scattered throughout the various scientific reports on the geology, botany, water supply, etc., of the coast may be gathered and made available in connection with direct geographic surveys.

Opportunities are by no means confined to physical geography, for problems of equal interest in commercial geography are multiplying with the rapid growth of the coast cities and with the transportation changes coming with the opening of the Panama Canal.

GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY

ANDREW C. LAWSON, Ph.D., Professor of Geology and Mineralogy.
JOHN C. MERRIAM, Ph.D., Professor of Palaeontology and Historical
Geology.

*GEORGE D. LOUDERBACK, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Geology.

ARTHUR S. EAKLE, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Mineralogy.

JOSEPH B. UMPLEBY, Ph.D., Acting Associate Professor of Geology.
ELMER F. DAVIS, M.S., Instructor in Geology and Mineralogy.
HERBERT N. WITT, Teaching Fellow in Geology.

FRANCIS E. VAUGHAN, B.S., Teaching Fellow in Mineralogy and Geology.

UPPER DIVISION COURSES

NOTE. The major in the department of geology and mineralogy must include Geology 102 and Geology 112, or Mineralogy 106. Only such upper division courses as are taken in the junior or senior years are allowed for the major, and the latter must be approved by the department not later than the beginning of the senior year. Honors will be awarded on the basis of excellence in the major.

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3 hrs., first half-year. M W F, 9. Prerequisite: elementary chemistry and physics.

NOTE. Students who intend to make geology a major study in the later years of their course are advised to take this course as early as possible.

1B. General Geology: Historical.

Lectures.

Professor MERRIAM.

2 hrs., second half-year. Tu Th, 10. Prerequisite: course la or Palaeontology 1.

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