lina, and explores it north to Nova Scotia. He wrote a
narrative describing the country and the Indians.
1535 James Cartier, a French navigator, discovers the St.
Lawrence.

1541-He builds a Fort at Quebec, but soon abandons it.
-De Soto, a Spaniard, discovers the Mississippi. He
traveled, with six hundred men, through Georgia and
Alabama, and fought a bloody battle with the Indians
near Mobile. These Indians had a walled town of
several thousand inhabitants. Thence he traveled west
to the Mississippi and Red Rivers. He died at the
mouth of the Red river, May 21, 1542.

X155

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1553-Persecution of the English Puritans commences.
1562-French Huguenots attempt a settlement in Florida.

They gave the name Carolina to the coast on the north.
The first colony is discouraged, and returns. In the
year 1564 another Huguenot colony is founded on the
River May.

1565-Melendez, a Spaniard, founds St. Augustine, September
8th, with five hundred colonists. It was the first per-
manent settlement in the United States.
-Melendez destroys the French colony.

1568-The Chevalier Gourgues (French) puts to death four
hundred Spaniards on the river May, in retaliation.

1578 The first English settlement contemplated. Queen
Elizabeth grants a patent to Sir Humphrey Gilbert "to
such remote, heathen, and barbarous lands as he should
find in North America." He makes two attempts to
plant a colony-in 1579 and in 1583-fails in each, and
perishes with his vessel, September 23, 1583.
1584-Sir Walter Raleigh receives a similar patent, and sends
two vessels to the shores of Pamlico Sound. Queen
Elizabeth names the country Virginia.

1585-Raleigh sends a colony to Roanoke Island, but it is
unfortunate, and returns home.

1587-He sends another colony, but the Spanish Armada

threatening England, he could not send it supplies for some time, and when visited, later, no trace of it could be found. Discouraged, he gives up his patent to a London company of merchants, who content themselves. to trade with the Indians.

1602-Bartholomew Gosnold visits New England.

1603-Henry IV., King of France, grants Acadia (Nova

Scotia) to Sieur de Monts, who founds a colony on the
Bay of Fundy, at Port Royal in 1605.

1606-James I., King of England, establishes the London and Plymouth companies for settling North America.

1607-The Plymouth company land a colony at the mouth of the Kennebec river. It is unfortunate, and returns to England. -The London company send out an expedition, which, accidentally discovering Chesapeake Bay, enter, and found a colony on James River, at Jamestown. The romantic Captain John Smith was one of the colonists. This was the first permanent English settlement in North America.

1608-Smith seeking, by orders from the London company, a

passage to the Pacific ocean, up the Chickahominy, is taken prisoner by the Indians, condemned to death, and saved by Pocahontas.

-Quebec founded by the French under Champlain.

-The English Puritans, persecuted in England, take refuge in Holland.

1609-Lord Delaware is appointed Governor of Virginia, which receives a new charter, and a considerable accession of numbers.

-Part of the expedition, however, was shipwrecked, and the colony, embracing a large unruly and indolent ele ment, is near perishing. Pocahontas repeatedly saves them from the Indians. Hudson river and Lake Champlain discovered.

1610-Lord Delaware, having been delayed, arrives (after the

and at Ply

mouth Rock

discouraged colonists had embarked to return te Eng. land) with supplies, and saves the settlement. 1613-Pocahontas marries John Rolfe, an Englishman, -The Dutch erect a fort at New York.

1615-They build Fort Orange, near Albany.

1619 The first General Assembly elected by the people is called in Virginia, by Governor Yeardley. Eleven boroughs, or towns, were each represented by two Burgesses, or citizens. It was the dawn of civil liberty in Virginia, and a germ of the future republic.

1620-Convicts are sent to Virginia, and negro slaves introduced.

-September 6th, the Puritans, discontented in Holland, set sail in the Mayflower, from Plymouth, England, for America, under the auspices of the "Plymouth Company."

-December 21st they land on Plymouth Rock, and, amid
great hardships, found a religious colony.

-James I. grants a charter to the Grand Council of
Plymouth for governing New England.

1621-A district called Mariana granted to John Mason.
-Plymouth colony makes a treaty with Massasoit.
-Cotton first planted in Virginia.

1622-Sir Ferdinand Gorges and John Mason obtain a charter
of Maine and New Hampshire. They plant a colony
on the Piscataqua river.

-An Indian conspiracy nearly proves fatal to the Virginia colony. March 22d, at noon, an attack is made on all the settlements, and in an hour nearly a fourth part of the colony is massacred. The colonists, in a bloody war, thoroughly chastise the Indians.

1624-Virginia becomes a royal province, but stoutly maintains its legislative authority.

1625-Death of Robinson, the distinguished Puritan divine, in Holland.

1629-Massachusetts colony patented, and settlement made at

Salem, by John Endicott.

-Charlestown, Mass., founded.

The Dutch colonize the west side of Delaware river. 1630-Patent of Carolina made to Sir Robert Heath. 1631-Massachusetts General Court confines the privilege of voting to church members.

Clayborne plants a colony on Kent Island. The Dutch erect a trading fort at Hartford. 1632-Maryland granted to Lord Baltimore. 1633-Connecticut colony founded.

1636-Roger Williams founds Providence. 1637-Pequod war in Connecticut.

1638-Rhode Island settled by followers of Anne Hutchinson. -Harvard college founded.

-Swedes and Finns settle Delaware.

-Colony of New Haven founded. Persecution in Mas-
sachusetts.

1640—Montreal, Canada, founded. foundedf

1641-New Hampshire united to Massachusetts.

1643-The germ of the American Union is planted by a con-
federation of Plymouth, Massachusetts, Connecticut,
and New Haven. It was for mutual protection and
support, and was kept alive about forty years.
1645-Clayborne causes an insurrection in Maryland.
The Mohawks mediate between the Dutch and Algon-
quins.

-Witchcraft superstition commences.

1646-John Elliott becomes a missionary to the Indians.

1649 The Mohawk war on the French settlements and

Jesuits.

1650-Common School laws passed in Connecticut.
1651-English" Navigation Act" forbids colonists to trade

with any country but England, and restricts trade
among the colonies. Thus the English make all the

profits. English merchants set the price of purchases and sales.

1651-Persecution of the Quakers in Massachusetts.

-Proprietary government subverted in Maryland. 1657-Elliott translates the Bible into the Indian language. 1662--Winthrop obtains a liberal charter for Hartford and New Haven.

1663-Carolina granted to a company of Noblemen. 1664 The Dutch conquer the Swedes on the Delaware.

New York granted to the Duke of York, who sends a force to dispossess the Dutch. It is done without fighting.

New Jersey granted to Berkely and Carteret. 1665--Lake Superior discovered by Father Allouez.

1668-St. Mary's, between Lake Superior and Lake Huron, the first French settlement within the boundaries of the United States, founded.

1670-Mr. Locke's philosophical constitution introduced in Carolina. It soon proved an absurd failure.

1673-The Upper Mississippi discovered by Marquette. 1675-King Philip's war in New England. He was a warrior

of great ability and activity. Fourteen town were destroyed by the Indians, and six hundred inhabitants killed. Philip is killed August 12, 1676, and the Indian tribes very nearly destroyed.

1676-Three of the Regicides (Judges of Charles I., King of England) came to New England.

-New Jersey divided into East and West Jersey, at the suggestion of Wm. Penn.

Bacon's rebellion in favor of popular rights, in Virginia.

1677-Virginia obtains a new charter.

Massachusetts purchases Maine.

1678-Sir Edmund Andross, royal governor of New York, usurps the government of the Jerseys.

1679-New Hampshire becomes a royal province, but the