Subject 3 includes land, road, topographic, and hydrographic surveys, and the computation of areas and locations connected therewith; field notes; sketching and mapping.

Competitors must furnish themselves with a drawing board not less than fifteen inches square, a "T" square, one or two triangles, a protractor, one scale 1 inch to 50 feet and one inch to the foot, drawing ink, and pencils. Drawing paper and the necessary logarithmic tables will be furnished to the competitor.

Subject 4 involves an elementary knowledge of the designing and construction of highways and streets, railroads, dams, retaining walls and embankments, foundations, trusses, sanitation, etc.; also of materials of construction, testing, and estimates.

Subject 5 covers (a) technical education; (b) practical knowledge of mechanical trades; (c) practical experience as a surveyor or civil engineer, or in any engineering position; (d) age and present occupation.

The Government desires the services of technically trained, capable, and experienced engineers. Roads must be repaired and extended, and bridges constructed, for the transportation of agricultural products to the markets and for the development of mail routes. Several large mechanical plants now in operation will be continued for some time. Provision is made for river and harbor improvements. General topographic surveys, other than the Coast and Geodetic surveys, and sewerage and waterworks systems are in process of construction. There is need for civil, sanitary, mechanical, and electrical engineers, which demand will materially increase with the application of modern methods in production and manufacturing. The following are specimen questions in this examination:

Pure and applied mathematics.-NOTE.-Competitors will answer four, and only four, of these questions. Logarithmic tables will be furnished by the examiner.

Question 1. A cylindrical tank that is 25 feet long, with cross section a circle 66 inches in diameter, ends flat, lies with its ends vertical. If it is filled with water to within 16 inches of the top (measured on the vertical diameter), how many gallons of water are contained? Inside measurements given. (1 gallon=231 cu. in.)

Question 2. Given a = = 77.01, b = 216.45, A = of the triangle.

35° 36′ 20′′; find the other parts

Question 3. The length of a rectangular grass plat exceeds three times its breadth by 1 ft., and its area is 4,840 sq. ft. It is surrounded by a walk whose area is 3,222 sq. ft. Determine the width of the walk.

Question 4. If the coefficient of linear expansion for iron per 1° C. is equal to .000012, what will be the length of a bar that is 55 ft. long at 60° F. when the temperature of the bar is 75° F., both ends being free? If the ends are fixed, what will be the amount of stress in the bar caused by this rise in temperature, taking E equal to 30,000,000?

Question 5. A rectangular beam, b inches broad, d inches deep, and L feet clear span, can just bear safely a concentrated center load=W. What load can it just safely bear at a point halfway between center and point of support; and if the load be the same in both cases, how much may the depth be diminished in the second case so that the beam may be equally strong?

Question 6. Calculate the discharge in cubic feet per hour through an opening, 4 inches in diameter, in a vertical plane partition under a constant pressure of 40 lbs. per sq. in. Assume ratio of actual to theoretical velocity as .975, and ratio of contracted vein to that of opening as .65.

(g=32.2 ft. per sec.)

Use and care of field and office instruments.-NOTE.-The competitor will answer three, and only three, of these questions:

Question 1. State clearly and explain the method of making the bubble adjustment in the wye level.

Question 2. In measuring the horizontal angle between two points at different elevations, with a transit, which adjustments are essential to a correct reading, and how may the angle be measured in order to eliminate the effects of errors in these adjustments? Give, in clear terms, the reasons for your answer.

Question 3. How is a transit prepared for stadia work, and how is the rod graduated? State clearly and describe briefly the theory on which stadia measurement is based.

Question 4. Describe the construction of one, and only one, of the following: The plane table, the planimeter, the slide rule. State the use to which it is put. Theory and practice of surveying.—Question 1. (a) Describe how you would lay out a 11° railroad curve beginning at station 124+40 and ending at station 129+35, and also how you would set station stakes 130, 131, etc.

(b) State clearly the difference between the methods of direction and of repetition in measuring horizontal angles.

(c) If you have to produce a straight line with a transit, state how you would proceed in order to obtain the best possible result.

In the remaining questions assume a piece of land surveyed, having five sides, one corner inaccessible to transit, and one side with obstructions to measurement: Question 2. (a) Give sample page of field notes.

(b) Describe the method of determining the true azimuth of any one of the boundary lines.

Question 3. Answer either one of the following two questions:

(a) Compute by the method of latitude and departures the area of the land surveyed.

(b) Compute the coördinates of the boundary line with respect to any lines of reference.

Designs and construction.-NOTE.-Answer two of the three questions that immediately follow.

Question 1. (a) Make a complete pen-and-ink sketch cross-section of one half of a 60-foot city street for heavy traffic, with 12-foot sidewalk. Show clearly the method of construction and of drainage, and show position of sewers and water and gas-main pipes. Give dimensions necessary to a clear understanding of your sketch.

(b) Describe in detail a good method of giving lines and grades for large-size water pipes.

(c) State in order and describe briefly the steps you would take to measure the discharge of a nontidal stream not less than 200 feet wide, and of average depth between 10 and 20 feet.

Answer two of the three questions that immediately follow:

Question 2. (a) Name the defects and conditions that effect the durability or strength of timber. State the cause of each, and if preventable name a remedy.

(b) Define first-class fat lime. State the precautions to be observed in the selection of rock, in burning, and in subsequent handling, to insure best quality on delivery.

(c) Write a short specification for the materials for concrete to be used in heavy foundations, and give the quantities of each per 1,000 cubic yards in place. Specify particularly the manner of mixing, laying, and ramming.

Answer two of the three questions that immediately follow:

Question 3. (a) A steel-built column rests upon a foundation of concrete and

steel beams, with granite cap. The total weight resting on the stiff clay subsoil is 200 tons. Design the foundation so that the pressure on the clay shall be practically 1 tons, and on the concrete not over 10 tons, per square foot. Give neat pen-and-ink sketches of plan and sectional elevation of foundation, showing base and part of column, and give principal dimensions.

(b) Make a pen-and-ink sketch cross-section of a surcharged retaining wall 20 feet high, retaining ordinary earth. Give all dimensions and method of determining them. If the wall is built of ashlar face and coursed rubble backing, give the quantities per hundred lineal feet of wall of all materials required.

(c) Name and describe briefly three common methods of driving piles, and state under what conditions each may be adopted. Describe briefly the testing and estimation of the bearing capacity of a driven pile.

Surveyor examination.

SEC. 27. The surveyor examination is of the same general character as the civil engineer examination, except that questions relating to mechanics, materials of construction, and designs and construction are omitted. In lieu of the subject "Designs and construction" is substituted the subject "Drawing and mapping (including projections)." As a part of the subject "Drawing and mapping," a finished map may be required to be submitted by competitor within five days after the examination is held. In addition to the salary, the expenses of travel, subsistence, and quarters while absent from station are borne by the Government. Application Forms Nos. 2 and 47. Time allowed, two days of seven hours each. Subjects 1 and 2 are given on the first day of the examination and subjects 3 and 4 on the second day. The subjects and weights of the surveyor examination are as follows:

25

100

5. Education and experience (rated on application Forms Nos. 2 and 47)....

Total

Junior surveyor examination.

SEC. 28. Age limits, eighteen and twenty-six years. Applicants must have the education obtained by completion of the entire course in the Insular Normal School, a high school, or other institution with an equivalent course, and must have served the Government at least one year as apprentice surveyor. Such apprentice service may be rendered during afternoons, Saturdays, and vacations of the final year in school, and for this service payment will be made at a rate not to exceed 240 per annum. Appointments made as a result of this examination will be at P600 per annum, with subsistence while in the field. The maximum salary to which promotion is allowed as a result of this examination is 960 per annum, with subsistence while in the field. This latter salary will not be paid except to those who have rendered four years of faithful and satisfactory service. Application should be made on Form No. 2, and the medical and physical examination specified therein must be furnished. Time allowed for the examination, two days of seven hours each. The first four subjects are given on the first day of the examination and the remaining subjects on the second day. Each student who qualifies for appointment shall, before receiving such appointment as junior surveyor, be required to sign an agreement, approved by his parents or guardian

if he be under twenty-three years of age, to the effect that he will remain with the Bureau of Lands for the term of four years from date of appointment as junior surveyor, and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the Director of Lands, unless sooner released by the Director of Lands. Any student separating himself from the service during his term of contract, without the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, shall be debarred thereafter from holding any position in the Philippine Civil Service. (See Act No. 1491.)

The following are the subjects and weights:

Letter writing.-Write a letter of not less than 150 words on one of the following subjects:

1. Advantages of work in the open air over that within doors.

2. Your reasons for choosing surveying as your profession.

Arithmetic.-1. A, B, C, and D together buy a farm for 25,748. A pays of the money, B of the remainder, C as much as A and B together pay, and D pays the rest. How much does D pay?

2. A rectangular piece of land is 1 kilometer, 2 dekameters in length and 3 hektometers in breadth. If of it is worthless and the rest is valued at #12 per hectare, what is the value of the land?

3. A surveyor spent 56.64 for equipment, which sum was just 16 per cent of his capital. His other expenses were 3 per cent of his capital. How much money had he left?

4. A solid wall 50 feet long, 3 feet broad, and 6 feet high is built of bricks and mortar. The bricks are each 8 inches long, 4 inches broad, and 2 inches thick. Thirty per cent of the wall is mortar. How many bricks does it contain?

5. A square body of land contains 103,978,809 square yards. If a surveyor can run 3,399 yards of boundary line in a day, how many days will it take for him to run a line around the entire body of land?

Algebra.-1. Find a fraction such that if 1 be added to its denominator it becomes equal to §; and if 2 be added to its numerator it becomes equal to %. 2. Solve: 5x

3. Simplify:

y=17,\ xy: = 12.

4. At what times between 4 and 5 o'clock will the two hands of a watch be at right angles?

5. A piece of land 50 feet long and 34 feet broad has around it a path of uniform width; if the area of the path is 540 square feet, find its width.

Plane geometry.-Demonstrate: The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

2. With the aid of a compass, divide a given straight line into five equal parts. Explain and prove.

3. What is the locus of the center of a circumference tangent to both sides of an angle? Why?

4. Find the area of a circle whose circumference measures 27 feet.

5. Find the area of an equilateral triangle the perimeter of which measures 36 feet.

Trigonometry and logarithms.—1. From a point, B, at the foot of a mountain the elevation of the top, A, is 38°. From a point one mile distant from the foot of the mountain the elevation of the top is 18° 15'. Find the height of the mountain in feet.

2. Solve the triangle, having given the sides

a= 548.76, b=662.94, C= 804.6.

3. Find the area of a parallelogram if its diagonals are 2.27 and 3.48 and intersect each other at an angle of 36° 48′ 13′′.

4. Explain how in trigonometry the functions of angles in the third quadrant may be changed to the functions of angles in the first quadrant with no changes in values. Illustrate by writing the corresponding functions of angles of the first quadrant of the sin 210°, cos 210°, tan 210°, ctn 210°, csc 210° sec 210°. Mapping.-1. Explain in detail the polyconic projection.

2. Having given a sheet on which the elevations of certain points are indicated, plat thereon 5-foot contours, and indicate where the streams flow.

Examinations for mechanical engineers, electricians, inspectors, etc.

SEC. 29. Examinations are held for these and similar positions, the performance of the duties of which requires skill, special training, and, in many cases, executive capacity. Application Forms Nos. 2 and 35. The following are the subjects and weights:

1. Second or third grade examination (see secs. 12 and 13) 2. Appropriate practical questions

3. Experience and training

Total

Weights.

25

40

35

100

The practical questions vary according to the class and character of the positions and are adapted to the duties required to be performed in each. The rating of the third subject is determined on the evidence of experience and fitness shown on Forms Nos. 2 and 35, which must be completed and filed as the application for examination.

Scientific assistant examination-Bureau of Science, Bureau of Agriculture, and Bureau of Forestry.

SEC. 30. Applicants for regular appointment to technical positions in these Bureaus should be college graduates and in addition specially trained and prepared for the field of work for which application is made. Opportunity is also offered graduates to pursue postgraduate courses in tropical medicine, in tropical agriculture, or in tropical forestry, and, after a year's experience, to secure regular appointment in the service. Prior to regular appointment the rate of compensation is nominal. Following are the subjects and weights of this examination which is testimonial in character: