UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.

with white fur.

D.C.L.

Gown. Black silk. Hood. Scarlet cloth, lined with crimson silk.

B.A.

Gown. Black stuff.

Hood. Black stuff, trimmed

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Full dress gowns for doctors of the University of Edinburgh are made of superfine scarlet cloth, loose sleeves, lined with rich silk of the color of the lining of the hood of the graduate's degree.

MCGILL UNIVERSITY.

Undergraduates shall wear a plain black stuff gown, not falling below the knee, with round sleeve cut above elbow. Bachelor of Arts.- Black stuff gown, falling below knee, with full sleeve cut to elbow and terminating in a point (similar to that of the Cambridge B.A.); hood, black silk, lined with pale blue silk and edged with white fur.

Bachelor of Science. The same gown as Bachelor of Arts; hood, black silk, lined with yellow silk and edged with white fur. Bachelor of Civil Law. The same gown as Bachelors of Arts; hood, black silk, lined with French gray silk and edged with white fur.

Bachelor of Architecture. The same gown as Bachelors of Arts; hood, black silk, lined with white silk and edged with white fur.

Bachelor of Music.-The same gown as Bachelors of Arts; hood, black silk, lined with pale mauve silk, and edged with white fur.

Master of Arts.- Black gown of stuff or silk, falling below knee, with long sleeve with semi-circular cut at the bottom (similar to that of the Cambridge M.A.); hood, black silk, lined with pale blue silk.

Master of Science. The same gown as Masters of Arts; hood, black silk, lined with yellow silk.

Doctor of Medicine. The same gown as Masters of Arts; hood, scarlet cloth, lined with dark blue silk.

Doctor in Dental Science. The same gown as Masters of Arts; hood, scarlet cloth, lined with pink silk.

Doctor of Laws. The same gown as Masters of Arts; hood, scarlet cloth, lined with white silk.

Doctor of Literature. The same gown as Masters of Arts; hood, scarlet cloth, lined with pale blue silk.

Doctor of Science.- The same gown as Masters of Arts; hood, scarlet cloth, lined with yellow silk.

Doctor of Music. The same gown as Masters of Arts; hood, scarlet cloth, lined with pale mauve silk.

Doctor of Philosophy. The same gown as Masters of Arts; hood, scarlet cloth, lined with pale green silk.

Doctor of Civil Law. The same gown as Masters of Arts; hood, scarlet cloth, lined with French gray silk.

Doctors of Laws, Doctors of Civil Law, Doctors of Literature, Doctors of Science, Doctors of Philosophy and Doctors of Music shall be entitled to wear for full dress a robe of scarlet cloth (similar in pattern to that of the Cambridge LL.D.) faced with silk of the same color as the lining of their respective hoods.

All hoods shall be in pattern similar to that of the Masters of Arts of Cambridge University.

Undergraduates and graduates shall wear the ordinary black trencher with black tassel, but Doctors of Laws, Doctors of Civil Law, Doctors of Literature, Doctors of Science, Doctors of Philosophy and Doctors of Music shall wear for full dress a black velvet hat with gold cord, similar to that worn by Doctors of Laws of Cambridge University.

The idea of a well-defined system for the American colleges and universities arose about 1893 after there had become evident a decided movement toward the use of academic costume by senior classes, trustees and faculties outside of the institutions named in the opening paragraph of this article. The College of Bryn Mawr opened with caps, gowns and hoods for faculty and students in 1885, the faculty of Harvard had equipped for her 250th anniversary in 1886, the trustees of Yale about the same time, the seniors of Williams in 1883, the seniors of Wellesley for Tree Day in 1884, the Yale, Union and Amherst seniors in 1891, seniors of Harvard, Dartmouth, University of Syracuse and several others in 1892, the faculties of Brown and The University of Chicago, seniors of the University of Vermont, Dickinson, Wesleyan, Tufts, Hampden-Sidney, Wells, Lafayette, Mount Holyoke, Elmira, Colby and many others in 1893. The movement was essentially a student movement to provide a senior badge and to improve the commencement week exercises, take the place of the archaic "dress suit" or "swallow-tail" and revive the traditions of a continuing and related university life. It was approved particularly by the