Literary critics appreciate Daudet for his polished style, his originality and his insight into the foibles of humanity. His unaffected sympathy, somewhat tinged with a certain melodramatic sentimentality, and his saving sense of humor constitute his greatest appeal to the average reader. His works have been translated into English and in this dress have been very popular. A complete edition appeared in Boston in 1900. (See SAPPHO; TARTARIN). Consult Brunetière, Le Roman naturaliste' (1896); Ratti, G. A., Les Idées morales et littéraires d'Alphonse Daudet d'après ses Œuvres' (1911); Daudet, L., Alphonse Daudet' (1898).

DAUDET, Ernest Louis Marie, French novelist and historian: b. Nimes, 31 May 1837. He is a brother of Alphonse Daudet (q.v.). His most notable novels are "The Venus of Gordes'; 'The Bloom of Sin'; 'Martha.' He is author of an autobiographical sketch, 'My Brother and Myself (1882). Completely eclipsed in fiction by his brother he devoted his energies to the field of historical research, in which he became known as a prolific and reliable contributor. His noteworthy works are "History of the Royalist Conspiracies in the South during the Revolution' (1881); "History of the Emigration' (1886); Les Bourbons et la Russie pendant la Révolution française (1888); 'Les Récits des Temps révolutionnaires' (1908); Tragédies et Comédies de l'Histoire' (1912). Consult Ernest-Charles Les Samedis littéraires (Paris 1903).

DAUGHTER OF THE CONFEDERACY. See DAVIS, VARINA ANNE JEFFERSON.

DAUGHTER OF THE REGIMENT, The. Opera comique in two acts by Gaetano Donizetti (libretto by Bayard and St. Georges), first produced at Paris, 11 Feb. 1840. While in most of his operas Donizetti is pure Italian, in this he comes close to the French type of opera. With Don Pasquale' and L'Elisir d'Amore, both of which are buffa operas, it forms the group out of the long list of works accredited to the composer which seems to possess the greatest vitality. The music is vivacious and sparkling, with a raciness born of the combination of French and Italian manner. The deeper note is heard just enough to give the needed contrast, as in Marie's touching farewell song at the end of the first act, one of the finest melodies in Italian opera. The "Rataplan" duet between Marie and the Sergeant, recurring through the latter scenes, the Song of the Regiment, the romance in the second act with the amusing irruptions into the military spirit and the rousing choruses are household favorites. It is one of those strange instances of erroneous first impression that the operá was not successful in Paris after it had gone the rounds of the other European capitals. The rôle of Marie, the vivandière for whom the course of true love is so troubled, is a grateful one and has always been popular with the great artists, such as Jenny Lind, Patti, Sontag and Sembrich. Donizetti has always been famed as a writer of prima donna operas a reputation not altogether undeserved. In 'The Daughter of the Regiment' this claim, in its better sense, is well supported.

LEWIS M. ISAACS.

DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, a society composed of

women who are descendants of ancestors, any of whom "with unfailing loyalty rendered material aid to the cause of independence as a recognized patriot, as soldier or sailor, or as a civil officer in one of the several colonies or States." It was organized in Washington, D. Ç., 11 Oct. 1890. Its objects are to perpetuate the memory of the spirit of the men and women who achieved American independence; to promote institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge; to cherish, maintain and extend the institutions of American freedom; to foster true patriotism and love of country; and to aid in securing for mankind all the blessings of liberty. The society has a membership of 115,865 women, organized into 1455 local chapters. Delegates from all chapters meet in annual congress in Washington in the third week of April. The society has collected many historical relics, and it has also a valuable historical and genealogical library at its headquarters. The National Society was incorporated by Act of Congress in 1896 and, in accordance with that act, reports annually to Congress. The society publishes The American Monthly Magazine and also a series of lineage books containing the record of the ancestry of each member of the organization.

DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY, United, an association of the widows, wives, mothers, sisters and lineal female descendants of men who served honorably in the army and navy of the Southern States or who gave personal services to the Confederate cause. It was organized at Nashville, Tenn., 10 Sept. 1894, and to date has 1,575 chapters in the United States and one chapter in Mexico City. The organization has about 90,000 members.

DAUGHTERS OF THE HOLLAND DAMES, a colonial society of women, the official title being "The Daughters of Holland Dames, Descendants of the Ancient and Honorable Families of New York," was incorporated for the purpose of erecting a memorial to commemorate the early Dutch period of our colonial history and to preserve and collect historical documents relating to the same. The headquarters are in New York. This society is not connected with the Holland Dames.

DAUGHTERS OF THE KING, The Order of, a Protestant Episcopal order of women (not to be confounded with the King's Daughters), organized in 1885. The aim of the society is to bring young women within the influence of the Church and to co-operate with the rectors of parishes to that end. The office of the council is in New York. Its constitution is framed as far as it is possible on the terms of the Brotherhood of Saint Andrew, the men's organization of the Protestant Episcopal Church to whose purposes and work it closely corresponds. The membership is about 4,500, with about 415 senior chapters and 50 junior chapters. It holds a triennial convention. Its official organ is The Royal Cross.

DAUGHTERS OF THE REVOLUTION, a patriotic society of women in the United States, organized in 1891. Eligibility to membership is restricted to "women who are lineal descendants of an ancestor who was a military or naval or marine officer, soldier, sailor or marine, in actual service under the authority of any of the 13 Colonies or States,

or of the Continental Congress, and remained always loyal to such authority, or descendants of one who signed the Declaration of Independence, or of one who as a member of the Continental Congress or of the Congress of any of the Colonies or States, or as an official appointed by or under the authority of any such representative bodies, actually assisted in the establishment of American independence by service rendered during the War of the Revolution, becoming thereby liable to conviction of treason against the government of Great Britain, but remaining always loyal to the authority of the Colonies or States." There are numerous subordinate State organizations. The total membership is about 4,000.

DAUGHTERS OF 1812. See UNITED STATES DAUGHTERS OF 1812, NATIONAL SOCIETY

OF.

DAULATABAD, dow-lät-ä-bäd' ("fortunate city"), India, a town and fort in the Deccan, within the Nizam's dominions, 28 miles northwest of Hyderabad. The fortress consists of a conical rock, 600 feet high, with a wide ditch and an outer wall nearly three miles in circumference. The place surrendered to the Mohammedans in 1294, and Shah Murhammad Tughlak (1324-51) thrice attempted to remove the seat of government hither from Delhi. The fortress has not been garrisoned now for many years and the town has greatly decayed. Pop. about 1,000.

D'AULNOY, dōl'nwä, Marie Catharine Jumelle de Berneville, COUNTESS, French writer: b. about 1650; d. 1705. She wrote many romances, long consigned to safe oblivion, but her fame rests securely on her Fairy Tales,' written in a simple, bright and charming style, not altogether unworthy of Perrault. "The White Cat,' the Yellow Dwarf,' 'Finette Cendron,' and 'Le Mouton have for two centuries been naturalized in the nurseries of Europe and are still familiar figures in pantomime. Her altogether delightful Travels in Spain' was reissued in New York in 1898.

DAUMER, dow'mer, Georg Friedrich, German poet and philosopher, often referred to under his pen name Eusebius Emmeran; b. Nuremberg, 5 March 1800; d. Würzburg, 14 Dec. 1875. He was educated at the Universities of Erlangen and Leipzig and in 1822-30 was a professor in the Nuremberg Gymnasium. He underwent some remarkable revolutions of thought concerning religion; in his student days leaned strongly to Pietism; next was the declared foe of the Christian religion and about 1859 embraced Catholicism and became one of its foremost champions. He wrote among many other philosophical tractates 'Hints Toward a System of Speculative Philosophy) (1831); to his second period belongs: The Fire and Moloch Worship of the Hebrews (1842); to his third: 'My Conversion' (1859). Of his poetical works, the Flowers of Song from Hafiz may be named a very beautiful transcription of the Oriental poet, with free variations in the very spirit of Hafiz himself. He wrote also 'Beautiful Souls: a Little Wreath of Legends and Poems (1862); Legends and Poems of Saint Mary.) For a time he was instructor of the celebrated foundling Kaspar Hauser, in regard to whom he published Mittheilungen

über Kaspar Hauser) (1832); 'Enthülungen über Kaspar Hauser' (1859); and 'Kaspar Hauser, sein Wesen, seine Unschuld' (1873).

DAUMIER, dō'mē-a', Honoré, French caricaturist and painter: b. Marseilles, 26 Feb. 1808; d. Valmondois, 10 Feb. 1879. His father tried to dissuade him from entering the artistic profession by apprenticing him to a huissier and later with a bookseller. He managed, however, to master the technique of lithography and entered on his career by making plates for music publishers and illustrations for advertisements. He joined the staff of La Caricature under Philipon and started upon his pictorial campaign of satire. Fashion, tittletattle, scandal, politics, blemishes of figure and oddities of character in turn inspired his inexhaustible genius for mockery. Few among his illustrious contemporaries escaped his pencil, and his caricatures had always some strikingly truthful feature about them. His caricature of Louis Philippe as 'Gargantua led to his imprisonment for six months in 1832. La Caricature was discontinued soon after, but was replaced by Charivari, where Daumier continued his famous social caricatures in a series of sketches known as the 'Robert Macaire' series. The Revolution of 1848 turned him toward the political field and suggested two of his most remarkable series, 'Parliamentary Idylls' and 'The Representatives Represented. Despite his prodigious activity in the field of caricature he has left about 3,958 lithographs - he found time for painting. He produced several remarkable works in this field, such as Christ and Apostles, at the Ryks Museum in Amsterdam; The Good Samaritan'; 'Don Quixote and Sancho Panza'; 'Christ Mocked,' etc. He is represented in the Louvre by 'The Thieves and the Ass' and 'The Republic, also in the museums of Berlin, Bucharest, The Hague, Montreal, Rheims and by two pictures in the Metropolitan Museum, New York. As a painter he was one of the pioneers of naturalism and did not meet with success until shortly before his death, when an exhibition of his works demonstrated the full range of his genius. His ability as a painter has only become generally known since the exhibition of his work in 1900. He was appreciated and loved by his great contemporaries, Victor Hugo, Balzac, Corot, Daubigny, Courbet, Rousseau and Diaz. He became blind in 1877 and in his last days was befriended by Corot, in whose house he died at Valmondois, Seine-et-Oise. Consult the complete catalogue of his lithographs by Hazard and Delfteil (Paris 1904); the biographies by Alexandre (Paris 1890) and Klossowski (Munich 1914) and Geoffroy and Frantz and Uzanne Daumier and Gavarni (London, the Studio, 1904). Consult also brief works on his lithographs by Marcel (Paris 1906) and Cary (London 1907) and Champfleury 'Histoire de la caricature moderne (Paris 1872).

DAUN, L. J. C. See DHAUN, LEOPOLD JOSEPH MARIA, COUNT VON.

DAUNOU, do'noo', Pierre Claude François, French statesman: b. Boulogne-sur-Mer, 1761; d. Paris, 1840. He joined the Congregation of the Oratory in 1777. On the outbreak of the Revolution he became a member of the

National Convention. He opposed the execution of Louis XVI and advocated his deportation pending a settlement. He was opposed also to the proscription of the Girondists and was imprisoned and escaped the guillotine only by the downfall of Robespierre. He was first president of the Council of Five Hundred and prepared a program of study for the central schools which was adopted in 1795. He was librarian of the Panthéon in 1801 and added to it the valuable collection of Pius VI. He was archivist of the Empire in 1807 and founded the Bibliothèque des Archives Nationales. He edited the Journal des Savants after 1816. He wrote 'Histoire littéraire de la France,' and 'Essai historique sur la puissance temporelle des papes' (1810). Consult Taillandier, Documents biographiques sur Daunou' (Paris 1841).

DAUPHIN, dâ'fin, Fr. dō-făn, the title of the eldest son of the King of France. Dauphin was originally a title held by several of the feudal lords of France and is believed to have originated from the dolphins (Fr. dauphin) worn on their helmets or used as a family crest. In 1349 Humbert II, dauphin of Viennois, being childless, transferred his estate, called the Dauphiny (le Dauphiné), in the south of France, to Philip of Valois, on condition that the eldest son of the King of France should in future be styled the dauphin and govern this territory. The dauphin, however, retained only the title, the estates having been united with the crown lands. On the death of the dauphin his eldest son inherited this title; if he had no son his eldest brother succeeded him. If the king had no son, as was the case in the reign of Louis XVIII, the title of dauphin was not bestowed on any one; for it was never given to the next prince of the blood and presumptive heir, even if he were the king's brother. The wife of the dauphin was called dauphiness (dauphine). The Delphin classics (q.v.) were editions made for the use of the dauphin (in usum delphini).

DAUPHINÉ, dō'fen-a', one of the ancient provinces of France. It was divided into Upper and Lower Dauphiné. It comprised the departments of the Isère, the Hautes-Alpes and part of the Drôme. The capital of the whole was Grenoble. The province constituted a.sort of triangle, bounded north by Bresse and Savoie, east by Piedmont, south by Provence and west by the Rhone. After the fall of the Roman Empire, it passed into the control of the Franks and eventually became part of the new Burgundian kingdom of Arles. From 1032 until the middle of the 14th century it was in the possession of Germany. It was bequeathed to France by the lords of the kingdom and for the next century was governed as a separate province by the eldest son of the King of France, when it was finally made part of the kingdom of France. The Huguenots made this place their stronghold during the civil wars.

DAURAT, dō-rä', Jean, French scholar: b. about 1510; d. 1588. He became president of the Collége Coqueret, where he superintended the studies of Ronsard, Du Bellay, Baif, and Belleau. These poets he carefully trained for the task of reforming the vernacular, and ennobling French literature by the imitation of Greek and Latin models. He wrote nothing of importance in French, but devoted himself

to guiding and stimulating the other members of the Pléiade, or seven great poets of the age, in whose works his learning and enthusiasm bore rich and enduring fruit. Consult MartyLabeaux, in 'Pléiade française' (Paris 1875).

DAUTHENDEY, Max, German poet: b. Würzburg, 1867. He is descended from an old family of the nobility, which came to Germany from France and England in the 16th century. His father achieved some distinction as a pupil of Daguerre in Paris and subsequently as court photographer in Saint Petersburg. From that city he migrated to Würzburg where in 1867 his son was born. Of a highly imaginative disposition from his earliest childhood, young Dauthendey exhibited no little aptitude for painting, although his strongest inclination lay in the direction of poetry, to which he soon decided to devote himself. He never attended the university, but pursued his studies at the Gymnasium of his native city far enough to qualify for the shorter, one-year term of military service. An inveterate traveler, he visited Paris, England and Sicily in 1896, Mexico the following year, Greece in 1898, and in 1906 made a trip around the world. The poetic chronicle of his impressions from these journeys is his 'Die geflügelte Erde (Munich 1910), which bears the subtitle 'A Song of Love and the Wonders of the Seven Seas' and ranges from the fishmarket of Cairo to the sky-scrapers of New York. Dauthendey is a lyricist of some originality and power, although it must be said that his earlier poems (Ultra Violett, 1893), novels and plays (Kind,' 'Glück,' 'Sehnsucht, 1895) are marred by excessive striving after a bizarre and fantastic virtuosity. Since 1907 he has produced a considerable bulk of poetry, of which the best is probably contained in his 'Insichversunkene Lieder im Laub' (1908). Perhaps the most agreeable quality in his verse is his delicate nature-sense. His drama 'Ein Schatten fiel über den Tisch' (1911) is a sordid exposition of marital infelicity. Among other collections of his lyrics and longer works are 'Reliquien' (1899); Liebeslieder' (1905); 'Singsangbuch' (1907); Lachen und Sterben, two one-act plays (1911); and 'Der Geist meines Vaters' (1912), which purports to be a history of his family.

>

WILLIAM A. BRAUN.

DAUW, dâ, or PEECHI (Equus burchelli), an animal closely resembling the zebra, which inhabits the plains of southern Africa, particularly to the north of the Orange River. It is about the size of an ass, but more delicately formed. Its general color is a pale brown, with grayish-white on the abdomen and inner parts of the limbs. Its head, neck, and body, and the upper parts of its limbs are striped like the zebra, but the stripes are not so dark in color. It migrates periodically in search of food, and in times of scarcity visits the cultivated lands and makes havoc of the crops. It has been tamed to some extent, but its temper cannot be relied on. The Dutch colonists call it Bonte-quagga. It is known also as Burchell's zebra. See ZEBRA.

DAVAO, dä-vä'ō, Philippines, a province in the southeastern part of the island of Mindanao; area 8,976 square miles; with dependent islands 9,171 square miles. Most of the com

munication between towns and villages is by sea, as almost all are on the coast; there are a few roads, and the United States troops have done much to improve them. Hemp, coffee, tobacco, rice, and corn are cultivated; the cinnamon tree, the betel nut, cloves, and nutmeg grow without cultivation; large numbers of horses, cattle and hogs are raised. There are indications of deposits of coal and some gold, and there are many valuable forests, well watered by numerous streams. Davao, the chief town, is situated on a bay of the west coast of the gulf of Davao. Davao was occupied by United States troops in December 1899, and was given civil government in 1903.

DAVENANT, John, English clergyman and author; b. London about 1570; d. 1641. He was educated at Queen's College, Cambridge, and in 1597 accepted a fellowship in the college. In 1609 he became Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity. The same year also he was advanced to the degree of D.D. In 1614 he became Master of his college. The greatest honor of his life came to him in 1618 when he was appointed as one of the four clergymen who were sent from England to attend the meeting of the Synod of Dort. In 1621 he became Bishop of the See of Salisbury. He incurred the displeasure of King James I by preaching before him on the subject of predestination, a subject which was not allowed to be discussed according to royal order. Charges were preferred against him and he had to humble himself before the king. He was one of the great scholars of the time. According to the custom then in vogue he wrote his works in Latin. His Treatise on Justification' has been translated into English (2 vols., 1844-46). His most noted work was a commentary on the Epistle to the Colossians.

An

DAVENANT, SIR William, English poet and dramatist: b. Oxford, February 1606; d. London, 7 April 1668. He was employed in preparing several masques for the entertainment of the court; and on the death of Ben Jonson in 1637, succeeded to the vacant laurel. On hostilities breaking out between Charles I and the Parliament, Davenant displayed his attachment to the royal cause. At the siege of Gloucester in 1643, he was knighted by the king; and on the decline of the royal cause retired to France, where he became a Roman Catholic, and began the composition of his principal work, a heroic poem, entitled 'Gondibert. attempt which he afterward made to lead a French colony to Virginia had nearly proved fatal to him. The ship in which he had sailed from Normandy was captured by a cruiser in the service of the English Parliament, and carried into the Isle of Wight, where Davenant was imprisoned in Cowes Castle. In this forlorn captivity, from which he had but little hope of escaping alive, he composed the third book of 'Gondibert.' In October 1650 he was removed to London for trial before the high commission court. His life is said to have been preserved by the interposition of Milton. There 1S a corresponding tradition, that Davenant repaid the good offices of Milton by protecting the republican poet after the Restoration. On the return of Charles II to England the stage was re-established with renewed splendor, and Davenant became patentee of a theatre in

Lincoln's Inn Fields. He continued to employ his pen and his talents as a theatrical writer and manager till his death. The introduction of opera on the English stage, and women in female rôles has been ascribed to him. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. His works consist of dramas, masques, addresses, and the epic Gondibert,' which was never finished; but he is remembered chiefly by the reconstruction of Shakespeare's Tempest,' in which he was engaged along with Dryden, a work which long held the stage in place of the original, although unequivocally condemned by modern criticism as a vulgar and degraded version of a drama which stood in need of no such emendation. His plays were edited by Laing and Maidment (5 vols., Edinburgh, 1872-74).

DAVENPORT, Charles Benedict, American biologist: b. Stamford, Conn., 1 June 1866. He was graduated at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute in 1886, at Harvard in 1889, and took the degree of Ph.D. at the latter place in 1892. In 1888 he began to teach at Harvard, where he was instructor in zoölogy until 1899. In 1904 he became director of the station for experimental evolution at Cold Spring Harbor, L. I., and in 1899-1904 was assistant professor of zoology at the University of Chicago. In 1906 he was president of the American Society of Naturalists. His works include 'Observations on Budding in Paludicella and Some Other Bryozoa (1891); On Urnatella Gracilis' (1893); Experimental Morphology) (1897-99); Statistical Methods, with Special References to Biological Variation' (1899); Introduction to Zoology', with Gertrude Crotty Davenport (1900); Inheritance in Poultry' (1906); 'Inheritance of Characteristics in Domestic Fowl' (1909); 'Heredity of Skin-Color in NegroWhite Crosses' (1913); 'Heredity in Relation to Eugenics (1913); Eugenics' (1910); 'The Feebly Inhibited' (1915).

DAVENPORT, Cyril James, English authority on bookbinding: b. Stirling, Scotland, 5 June 1848. He became an official of the British Museum 1868, and became superintendent of bookbinding there: "The English Regalia' (1897); Royal English Bookbindings' (1892); Cantor Lectures on Decorative Bookbindings' (1898); English Embroidered Bookbindings' (1899); 'Cantor Lectures on Cameos' (1900); Life of T. Berthelet (1900); 'Personal Jewelry) (1902); 'Mezzotints' (1903); Bagford's Notes on Bookbindings' (1904); History of the Book' (1908); English Heraldic Book-stamps (1909); Cameo Book-stamps' (1911); Castor Lectures on Miniatures' (1913); English Heraldry) (1914).

DAVENPORT, Edward Loomis, American actor: b. Boston, 15 Nov. 1814; d. Canton, Pa., 1 Sept. 1877. His first appearance was made in 1836 at Providence, R. I., as Parson Will in 'Sir Giles Overreach' with Junius Brutus Booth as Sir Giles. In 1838 he played in Philadelphia. He soon became a leading performer in comedy, melodrama and tragedy. Up to 1847 he appeared chiefly in Boston. In that year he went to England with Mrs. Mowatt, there playing Claude Melnotte in The Lady of Lyons, with Mrs. Mowatt as the Pauline. For two seasons he supported W. C. Macready. In 1854 he returned to the United States, where he traveled extensively, playing

especially Shakespearean parts and those in dramatizations of Dickens. As Brutus in Julius Cæsar and Bill Sykes in Oliver Twist' he was equally successful. Among his other characters were Sir Giles Overreach and Hamlet. In 1859 he became manager of the Howard Athenæum, Boston, and in 1869 of the Chestnut Street Theatre, Philadelphia. His versatility and finish were notable. Consult Edgett, E. L. Davenport' (1901; Dunlap Society Pub., new series, No. 14); Moses, M. J., 'Famous Actor-Families in America' (New York 1906).

DAVENPORT, Eugene, American agriculturist and educator: b. Woodland, Mich., 20 June 1856. He was graduated from Michigan Agricultural College in 1878; engaged in farming 1878-89; was professor of agriculture in the Michigan Agricultural College, 1889-91; president of Agricultural College, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1891-92; dean of College of Agriculture of the University of Illinois, since 1895, and director of Agricultural Experiment Station, since 1896; professor of animal husbandry 1895-1901; professor of thremmatology since 1901. In Illinois he did particularly important work in investigations of soil fertility. Member of the Authors' Club, London; fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Author: Principles of Breeding'; 'Domesticated Animals and Plants'; Education for Efficiency.'

DAVENPORT, Fanny Lily Gypsy, American actress: b. London, 10 April 1850; d. Duxbury, Mass., 26 Sept. 1898. Her first appearance on the stage was in 1857 at the Howard Athenæum in Boston, then under the management of her father, E. L. Davenport (q.v.). Her real début was at Niblo's Garden in 1862, as King of Spain in 'Faint Heart Never Won Fair Lady. Later she came under the notice of Augustin Daly, and joined his Fifth Avenue Theatre in 1869. She played during her career in the theatres of all the large cities in the United States. Her most noted rôles were in 'La Tosca,' 'Giaconda, Fedora, and Cleopatra.' She was married in 1879 to Edwin H. Price, but was divorced and subsequently married Melbourne McDowell, an actor of leading rôles in her company. In 1897 she produced A Soldier of France,' a play with Joan of Arc as the heroine. It was a failure and this is believed to have hastened her last illness. Her last appearance was on the stage of the Chicago Grand Opera House, 25 March 1898. Consult McKay and Wingate 'Famous American Actors of To-Day) (New York 1896), and Moses, Montrose, J., Famous ActorFamilies in America' (ib. 1906).

He

DAVENPORT, Henry Kallock, American naval officer: b. Savannah, Ga., 10 Dec. 1820; d. Franzensbad, Bohemia, 18 Aug. 1872. entered the navy in 1838, and in 1844, as passed midshipman, became connected with the coast survey. In 1849-53 he was in the mail-steamship service, subsequently was on sea duty with various squadrons, and in 1856 participated in the capture of the Barrier forts, Canton River, China. During the Civil War he commanded the steamer Hetzel in 1861-64, being in 1862-64 senior officer in command of the sounds of North Carolina. Promoted captain in 1868, he

VOL.8-32

was assigned to the command of the Congress of the European squadron in 1870.

DAVENPORT, Herbert Joseph, American educator and publicist: b. Wilmington, Vt., 10 Aug. 1861. He was educated at the University of South Dakota, and the Harvard Law School, and from 1899 to 1902 was principal of the high school at Lincoln, Neb. He was instructor in political economy at the University of Chicago 1902-08 and in the latter year was made head of the department of political economy at the University of Missouri. He has published Outlines of Economic Theory' (1896); Elementary Economic Theory) (1898); Principles of Grammar (with Emerson, 1898); Value and Distribution' (1908); Economics of Enterprise' (1913), and contributions to economic journals.

He

DAVENPORT, John, American Puritan clergyman: b. Coventry, England, 1597; d. Boston, Mass., 15 March 1670. Educated at Oxford, he became chaplain of Hilton Castle, near Durham, later was made minister of Saint Stephen's Church, London (1616-33), and there attained a considerable reputation as a preacher. His Puritanical principles and views ere long brought him into conflict with Archbishop Laud, and in 1633 he withdrew from the English Church, and removed to Holland, where he became colleague of the Rev. John Paget, pastor of the Puritan church at Amsterdam. In 1636, however, he returned to England, where he was very active in obtaining the charter of the Massachusetts colony. arrived in Boston in June 1637, sat with the synod of Cambridge in August, and in March 1638 sailed with the band of colonists that founded New Haven (Quinnipiac). Here he was extremely influential in civil as well as ecclesiastical affairs.. He was minister there for 30 years, and aided in establishing the system of civil polity, which began by the declaration that "all of them would be ordered by the rules which the Scriptures held forth to them." On 4 June 1649, holding their constituent assembly in a barn, the "free planters" resolved that church members only should be burgesses, and Davenport was chosen one of the "seven pillars" to support the ordinance of civil government. He exhorted the governor to judge justly, and the "cause that is too hard for you to bring it to me." Annual elections were ordained, and God's word_established as the only rule in public affairs. In his carefulness in regard to the admission of members to the Church, he held in reality also the keys of all political power. When the messengers of the king, who had come to New England in pursuit of Goffe and Whalley, the regicide judges of Charles I, approached New Haven, he hid the fugitives in his house, and preached to his congregation from Isaiah xvi, 3 and 4; "Hide the outcasts: betray not him that wandereth. Let mine outcasts dwell with thee, Moab be thou a covert to them from the face of the spoiler." After the death of Wilson, the pastor in Boston, in 1667, he removed there to succeed him. He was installed in December 1668. His election caused a division in the congregation. Those who opposed his views on the "half-way covenant" withdrew and organized the Old South Church. The controversy went on for many years. Among his