Louisiana, no stated requirements; examines all applicants.

Maine, a diploma of graduation from a reputable dental college and a preliminary education equivalent to that required for graduation from a Maine high school. The board may license at discretion, without examination, dentists of five years' practice in other States requiring equal proficiency.

Maryland, a diploma of any legally authorized university or collegiate dental school. A licentiate of another State may be licensed without examination at the discretion of the board.

Massachusetts, a diploma from an approved dental school; or at least three years' study without diploma, at the discretion of the board. Dentists with five years' practice in other States demanding equal requirements are licensed without examination.

Michigan examines all applicants; and issues licenses without examination to licentiates of other States which demand equal proficiency.

Minnesota, a diploma from a reputable dental school; or five years' lawful dental practice in another State. A licentiate of another State may be licensed without examination, at the discretion of the board.

Mississippi, a diploma of a reputable dental school and a preliminary education equivalent to a high school course.

Missouri, a diploma of any authorized dental school.

Montana, diploma of a reputable dental school; or five years' dental practice in any State which extends a similar courtesy to Montana dentists.

Nebraska, a diploma of graduation from a reputable dental school, and such preliminary education as shall be approved by the dental secretaries of the State.

Nevada, a diploma from a recognized dental school, and a three-year course in high school.

New Hampshire, a diploma of a reputable dental school; or practice in another State for the five years next preceding the examination. A dentist holding a certificate of proficiency from another State may be licensed without examination at the discretion of the board.

New Jersey, a certificate of good moral character from two licensed dentists of the State, a preliminary academic education of four years in a high school, and a diploma from an approved dental school, attested by an identifying photograph endorsed by an official of the school; or five years' practice immediately preceding application certified by the board of the State in which the practice was carried on.

New Mexico, a diploma of graduation from a reputable school of dentistry.

New York, a four-year high school course, or its equivalent and a degree from registered dental school or medical degree with a special two-year course; or license to practise dentistry in another State, or a practice of 25 years without the State, or in a foreign country.

North Carolina, a diploma of graduation from some reputable school of dentistry.

North Dakota, preliminary education of four years at high school, a diploma from an approved school of dentistry, and at least one year in the State University, or an equivalent institution; or five years of practice in den

tistry in another State requiring equal proficiency.

Ohio, a certificate of the State superintendent of public instruction that the applicant is possessed of an education equal to that required for graduation from a high school, and a diploma from a legally chartered dental school; or five years' dental practice under license in another State requiring equal proficiency, providing_that such State reciprocates such courtesy. In the latter case a license may be issued without examination at the discretion of the board.

Oklahoma, a diploma of graduation from a dental college approved by the examining board.

Oregon, diploma from dental school in good standing, or dental study and practice in Oregon prior to this act.

Pennsylvania, a competent preliminary education and a three-year dental course; or a diploma of a recognized dental school.

Philippines, diploma from legally incorporated dental school.

Porto Rico, a diploma of a reputable dental school, certified as genuine by two freeholders. Lacking these, the applicant may demand examination on his merits.

Rhode Island, graduation at a recognized dental college; or actual practice of dentistry in another State for the five years next preceding the examination.

South Carolina, no requirements; all applicants examined.

South Dakota, a diploma of graduation at an approved dental school; or practice in dentistry in another State for the five years immediately preceding the examination.

Tennessee, a diploma of a reputable dental

school.

Texas, no restrictions; examines all appli

cants.

Utah, diploma recognized by National Association of Dental Faculties, or two years' practice or three years' study with licensed dentist.

Vermont, a preliminary high school course, and the diploma of a reputable school of dentistry.

Virginia, a diploma of graduation from a recognized dental college; or active practice of dentistry in another State for the five years preceding the examination.

Washington, a diploma from a recognized dental school.

West Virginia, the diploma of a reputable dental school. Any dentist holding a license from another State may be licensed after examination.

Wisconsin, a general education equivalent to a four-year course in the Wisconsin high schools, and a diploma of graduation from a reputable dental college; or license to practise in other States issued previous to 1909, and with at least five years' practice in such Stateprovided a similar courtesy is extended to Wisconsin dentists removing to such State.

Wyoming, a diploma from a recognized dental college or collegiate department.

DENTITION. See TEETH.

D'ENTRECASTEAUX

(dän-tr-käs'tō) ISLANDS, since 1884 part of the British protectorate of New Guinea, lie north of the south

east extremity of New Guinea; area 1,083 square miles. They comprise three chief islands separated by narrow channels. They are named after the French admiral and explorer, Joseph Antoine Bruni, chevalier d'Entrecasteaux (q.v.), who visited these waters in 1792. His name is also preserved in D'Entrecasteaux Point on the southwest coast of western Australia and in D'Entrecasteaux Channel, separating the south of Tasmania from the Bruni Islands. The islands contain boiling springs and other indications of volcanic action. There are several very high mountains. Administratively, the islands are part of the Territory of Papua, the name given to British New Guinea by a proclamation of the governor-general of Australia 1 Sept. 1906.

DENUDATION. See EROSION.

DENVER, James W., American soldier and frontiersman: b. Winchester, Va., 1817; d. 9 Aug. 1892. He removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1842, where he studied for the bar. Later he removed to Missouri, where he raised a company and served as captain in the Mexican War. In 1850 he went to California where he became prominent in politics, serving as state senator, and was appointed secretary of state, and afterward was elected to the 34th Congress. Before the end of his congressional term he was appointed commissioner of Indian affairs, but resigned to accept the office of governor of the Territory of Kansas in 1858. He returned to Washington after 12 months of service leaving the territory well-organized and law-abiding. He returned to California in 1859, but soon after removed to Wilmington, Ohio. He served in the Union army as BrigadierGeneral of volunteers during the Civil War until 1863. After the war he practised law in Washington, D. C. General Denver, at that time governor of Kansas, suggested the name Colorado for the Territory formed out of Kansas, Utah, New Mexico, and Nebraska, and the capital city of Saint Charles was renamed Denver in his honor.

DENVER, Colo., city, capital and commercial centre of the State, 639 miles west of Kansas City, 538 miles from Omaha, 2,025 miles from New York and 1,457 miles from San Francisco.

Topography. It is situated on both sides of the South Platte River at its junction with Cherry Creek, usually a dry stream, but at intervals carrying great floods of water; lat. 39° 40′ 36" N., long. 104° 56′ 55′′ W.; altitude, 5,270 feet. The site of the "Queen City of the Plains," as it has been designated, with an area of 5834 square miles, coterminous with the county of Denver, slopes gently back from either bank of the river, and has a commanding view of the main range of the Rocky Mountains, terminating with Pike's Peak on the south and Long's Peak on the north. lies 15 miles from the foot-hills, the eastern base of the Rocky Mountain Range.

It

Government, Municipal Conditions.-The municipal government is vested in a mayor elected for three years, a mayor's cabinet of four members, consisting of the managers of revenue, safety and excise, parks and improvements, and health, all appointed by the mayor, and nine elective councilmen. The manufacture or sale or giving of alcoholic and malt

liquors is prohibited by the constitution of the State, and public drinking places do not exist. The city is laid out regularly with broad streets and is substantially built with brick and stone, no wooden structures having been permitted since 1876. In 1915 there were 990 miles of streets, 370 miles of which were graded and surfaced with asphalt or disintegrated granite; 700 miles of sidewalk are uniformly paved with stone or concrete and 38.59 miles of alleys are likewise paved. There are 141.25 miles of storm and sanitary sewers. The streets are generally bordered by trees, the elm and maple being most abundant; but every shade tree known to the local forester can be found.

Public Utilities.- The public utilities are modern in every particular. Street cars operated by overhead trolley traverse 203 miles of streets, and in 1915 carried 72,983,000 passengers. Overhead trolley lines also connect with Golden, 12 miles west, Boulder, 30 miles northwest, and Littleton, 10 miles south. Gas, electric light and electric power are supplied by the Colorado Power Company. The current used is generated near Glenwood Springs, west of Denver, and transmitted 150 miles, and also near Boulder, whence it is transmitted 50 miles. Telephone communication exists between Denver and all communities in neighboring States; long distance service extends to the two oceans. The domestic water supply is furnished by The Denver Union Water Company, a private corporation. Water is taken from the South Platte River, Cherry Creek and Bear Creek at distances varying from 6 to 48 miles from the city.

The greater portion of the water is handled through two reservoirs known as Cheesman and Marston lakes, having a joint capacity of 33,000,000,000 gallons, furnishing a storage reserve equal to the needs of at least half a million population. The water from these reservoirs, although of remarkable natural purity, is all filtered before reaching the city mains. The daily consumption for domestic and irrigating purposes averages approximately 220 gallons per capita, and at times has reached a maximum of 375 gallons per capita. Sanitary conditions are safeguarded by a health department to which is delegated great power. Inspection of all public and private properties is regularly and carefully made. The mortality record for 1915, based on a population of 250,000, was 1.36.

Public Buildings.- Among the notable public buildings of the city are the State Capitol and Federal building; the first, constructed of Colorado granite, cost $2,700,000; the second, of Colorado white marble on strictly classic lines, cost $2,400,000; the Federal building houses the Federal courts, post-office and other government offices. The United States Mint cost $1,225,000. During 1915 it received in gold and silver bullion $34,842,618, of which $574,175 was gold. Of the total receipts Colorado smelters and mills furnished $14,303,768. No gold was coined in 1915; $1,987,175 was coined into half-dollars, quarters and nickels; 220,500 pennies were coined. The mint, according to the United States Treasurer, contained on 6 July 1916 $485,000,000. Among other public buildings are the union railroad station costing $1,000,000, two museum buildings, public library, public baths, city hall, county court

DENVER, COLORADO

house, armories, schools and colleges. A stockshow stadium has a seating capacity of 7,500 and cost $250,000. An auditorium, erected and controlled by the city, has a seating capacity of 12,000 and is so arranged that it can be readjusted temporarily for smaller gatherings, for theatre, concert and other purposes.

Banks, Public Finance.- Denver's banking and financial institutions are strong. The five national banks report combined capital and surplus for 1915 as $7,103,386; national bank clearings, $508,421,052; deposits, $67,606,781; loans and discounts, $34,030,906. Total number of banks, 36. The assessed valuation of the city in 1915 was $358,365,823; bonded indebtedness, $1,564,350, with sinking fund $855,096, leaving net bonded indebtedness $709,254; indebtedness per capita, $2.88; annual tax levy, 16.2 mills on the dollar; property assessed at its full cash value; number fire alarms, 1,057; number fires, 908; loss by fire, $244,354; number of persons per policeman, 1,072.

Parks, Public Playgrounds. The city has 30 parks and 10 playgrounds. Those lying strictly within the municipal limits comprise 1,318 acres. They contain bronze and marble statuary and all floral adornment known to the modern scientific landscape artist, lakes and fountains, pavilions for musician entertainments where the municipal band of 50 pieces gives daily concerts during the summer (in winter the concerts are given Sundays in the municipal auditorium), floral-bordered walks, wide-surfaced drives, municipal golf links, tennis courts, camping grounds for automobile tourists, bathing beaches and playgrounds with modern equipment and competent supervision and instruction. A natural history museum is located in City Park, also a zoological garden well stocked with native animals and birds. Another feature of this park is the electric fountain, which plays every summer evening with varicolored lights. The connecting system of parkways about the city includes 12 miles of parking, with gardens, lawns and floral decorations, altogether embracing 56 acres. Denver owns in the mountains within 30 miles from the corporate limits parks comprising 2,530 acres, to which more is being added. from year to year. These mountain parks include cañon and peak, to reach which a highway has been constructed by way of Lookout Mountain to the summit of Genesee Peak, rising to an altitude of 8,270 feet. The mountain roadways are at no point less than 20 feet in width and their grade more than 6 to 100 feet, and wherever necessary are guarded by post-andcable protection. Rustic shelters and rest stations where refreshment may be had, fireplaces for cooking, etc., are convenienty located for parties who motor over part or all of the 72 miles of highway. A mountain pasture stocked with elk and buffalo lends to the attractiveness of the parks, while trout streams lure the city dweller and the tourist. These parks are maintained by the city of Denver for the free use of its citizens and guests, and provide unique and pleasurable rural excursions and mountain outings. The round trip from Denver by automobile over one of the most popular routes is accomplished in four hours. From various points on the trip the city is in full view, and with a glass its streets, buildings and parks are distinctly recognized. From these

summits at night the view of the distant bril- . liantly lighted city is enchanting. In 1915 the city spent on the maintenance of its parks $233,000, and on improvements including mountain parks $160,000.

Schools, Libraries, Etc.-The public schools provide free education for all from the kindergarten through the high school, 15 years. In addition to the elementary fundamental branches, night schools are provided for adults of all nationalities; manual training, special training in cooking and sewing, modern and ancient languages, music, drawing, trade schools with special preparation for advanced work in technical schools and military training. In 1915 $1,463,000 was expended for the maintenance of public schools. The school property is valued at $4,260,000. The public library contains 100,000 volumes; five branches of this library are maintained at various points in the city. In addition there is a medical library of several thousand volumes; six law libraries; school libraries containing 60,000 volumes exclusive of textbooks; at the State Capitol a library numbering approximately 15,000 volumes. Denver has four daily newspapers, 35 weekly papers and a number of trade journals. Its church edifices number over 200.

The

Climate. The climate is one of the most delightful and remarkable in the country. United States Department of Agriculture data for the years 1872 to 1915 give the following information: Discarding fractions of a degree, the mean annual temperature at Denver is 50° as against 49° at Chicago, 49° at Boston, 55° at Washington, 56° at Saint Louis and 69° at Jacksonville. During the last 44 years 100° or higher has been touched 13 times, 7 in July and 6 in August. While these high temperatures were maintained for only a few minutes, readings in the 90's are common during every summer month. For July, the warmest month, the average temperature is 72°, and the average daily maximum, or afternoon reading, is 86°. Here, as elsewhere over the greater part of the United States, the coldest month is January, with an average temperature of 31°. annual precipitation is 14.5 inches; Chicago, 33.2; Saint Louis, 40; Washington, 42.7; Boston, 41.8; and Jacksonville, 54.1. Of sunshine Denver has 67 per cent of the possible, as against 65 at Saint Louis, 57 at Washington, 54 at Boston and 58 at Chicago. The average relative humidity is 52 per cent. It is highest in February, 57 per cent, and lowest in October, 49 per cent. Twice during the last 42 years a humidity as low as one-half of 1 per cent has been recorded. The annual relative humidity at Saint Louis is 70 per cent, Boston 72, Washington 73, Chicago 74 and Jacksonville 80; and for the warmer months-June, July, August and September -at Saint Louis 66 per cent, Chicago and Boston 74, Washington 76 and Jacksonville 82. It will be observed that in the Atlantic States the humidity during the warm months is greater than the average annual, just the reverse of that which obtains in Denver. In brief, Denver summers are characterized by warm days and cool nights, the heat of the day not attended by the usual debilitating effects; the winters by an abundance of sunshine and general absence of snow and severe, longcontinued cold.