There are two additional business managers that receive $3,000 while the pay of the other two is small, one receiving $2,200 and one but $1,500. Among the 11 colleges employing full-time registrars, the salaries of this official is low in most cases. The highest pay received by any registrar is $2,200 annually, while another receives $2,100, and a third $2,000. The remainder are paid salaries ranging from $1,900 to $1,400. positions in the colleges are Among the important administrative the deans of men and deans of women. Of the nine institutions employing deans of men, an examination of the tabulation shows that their salaries are approximately on the same salary scale as the registrars. One dean of men receives as high as $2,000 annually. In the case of the remainder, three are paid $1,800, one $1,760, one $1,680, and one $1,510, while two others receive as low as $1,000 and $900. The latter compensation is so small as to scarcely provide a living wage. Deans of women are employed in 11 colleges. Their pay is even smaller than that of the deans of men, the highest salary paid being $1,800 while the lowest is $650. According to the figures contained in Table 6, two deans of women receive $1,800 annually, one $1,572, three $1,500, two $1,200, two $1,000, and one $650. The office of dean of administration has been established in five institutions. While two deans of administration receive fairly satisfactory salaries, the amount being $3,000, the pay of the three others is low, ranging from $2,100 to $1,350. Although the salaries of the administrative officers of the negro landgrant colleges are low, their general level is higher than the teaching staffs. With only a few exceptions members of the faculties of the institutions receive lamentably small compensation in all the different ranks. For the purpose of obtaining unabridged information on the subject, a detailed analysis of the salaries paid the teachers in the various colleges was made. The results are presented in Table 7, which gives the range of salaries in the different ranks with the number of teachers and with the amounts of their compensation according to the different ranges. The data include 16 of the negro land-grant colleges, no return being made by one institution. On the basis of the figures given in the tabulation, there are 380 full-time collegiate members of the teaching staff in the 16 negro landgrant colleges filing reports. Of this number, 52 are deans, 143 are professors, 35 are associate professors, 30 are assistant professors, and 120 are instructors. The median salary paid the deans is $2,167, the range being from $3,250 to $1,000. In the entire group of institutions it is found that only two deans receive compensation ranging as high as $3,001 to $3,250. The next highest scale is $2,501 to $2,750, and there are but two deans whose salaries reach these figures. The remuneration of the remaining deans is less than $2,250. Eighteen of the deans received between $2,001 and $2,250, 22 between $1,501 and $2,000, and 8 between $1,001 and $1,500. It can not be too strongly emphasized that the payment of such low salaries to deans can only result in the retardation of the growth of the negro land-grant colleges. The achievements of the institutions depend to a large extent upon their work in developing the major divisions. Trained educators can not be secured for salaries ranging from $1,000 to $2,000, the remuneration now paid the majority of deans in the colleges. As shown in Table 7, three institutions do not have any deans. TABLE 7.-Salaries by ranks of the full-time members of the teaching staff of negro land-grant colleges Total does not include Florida Agricultural and Mechanical College, which did not submit data. 5466 8285 Salaries paid the full professors are also on a low scale. The median salary is $1,754. One college pays its 10 professors between $3,001 and $3,250 and another pays 6 professors between $2,501 and $2,750. The remaining 127 professors receive salaries varying from $2,250 to less than $1,000. According to the compilation, 7 professors are paid between $2,001 and $2,250, 49 between $1,751 and $2,000, 29 between $1,501 and $1,750, 26 between $1,251 and $1,500, 13 between $1,001 and $1,250, and 3 less than $1,000. The pay of half of the professors in the colleges, therefore, is less than $1,750, an amount below the wages paid a relatively untrained person in many private business enterprises. In the case of five institutions no members of their teaching staff hold the rank of professor. The compensation of the rank of both associate and assistant professors is generally small. The median salary for an associate professor is $1,400 and for an assistant professor $1,250. Among the 35 associate professors 1 receives an annual salary ranging between $2,251 and $2,250, 1 between $1,751 and $2,000, and 7 between $1,501 and $1,750, but the salaries of the other 26 ranges from $1,500 to less than $1,000. Of this latter number there are 21 associate professors that receive between $1,251 and $1,500, 4 between $1,001 and $1,250, and 1 less than $1,000. In the case of assistant professors, it is found that 4 are paid as high as $2,001 to $2,250, and 1 from $1.751 to $2,000, while the compensation of the remaining 25 varies from $1,500 down to $1,001. Only four colleges have established the rank of assistant professors in their faculties. Out of the total of 380 members of the teaching staffs of the negro land-grant colleges, approximately 31 per cent hold the rank of instructor. The median salary for instructors is $1,265 annually, a strikingly low figure. As revealed by Table 7, instructors receiving the highest compensation in this group include 2 whose salaries range from $2,251 to $2,500, 6 from $1,751 to $2,000, and 16 between $1,501 and $1,750, but the other 96 receive less than $1,500 annually. The salaries of 38 instructors vary from $1,251 to $1,500, 51 from $1.001 to $1,250, and 7 less than $1,000. Two of the institutions have only instructors on their staff, no higher academic ranks having been established. The foregoing presentation indicates that an adjustment of the salaries of the administrative and academic staffs is one of the important problems confronting the negro land-grant colleges. The mere raising of salaries is not the primary question. What is needed is a careful revaluation of the work of the different officers of the institutions, including presidents, deans, professors, and other staff members, in view of the new standards that they are compelled to meet under the stimulation of State boards of education and accredit ing agencies. Salary increases should not necessarily be given administrators and teachers of mediocre ability or of long tenure of service, but the general level of compensation should be raised throughout the negro land-grant colleges, particularly in favor of negro educators who have gone to the expense of securing the best type of graduate training afforded in the leading universities of the country. Physical Plants The physical plants of the negro land-grant institutions are being rapidly expanded to meet their growing needs. Figures have already been presented showing capital outlays made for physical plant extensions, but further evidence is provided in a comparison of the actual value of the physical properties owned by the colleges. In 1918 the total value of the properties of the 17 institutions was $7,192,698, as compared with $11,804,541 in 1928, a gain of $4,611,843. The percentage of increase is approximately 60 per cent. A large proportion of the increased valuation is due to the construction of new buildings as a result of appropriations made by some of the States for the upbuilding of the colleges. In the case of one institution, the Agricultural, Mechanical, and Normal College of Arkansas, an entire new physical plant, modern in every respect, has recently been completed. The colleges in most instances have ample land for both campus and farm purposes. The total area of land owned by the 17 colleges amounts to 5,638 acres, of which 2,903 acres are utilized for campus and 2,735 acres for farms. While some of the campuses are extensive, it is the practice in the majority of the colleges to have small campuses, an arrangement that results in considerable saving in plant operation and maintenance. The size of the cultivated farms. range from 375 to 34 acres in the individual institutions. Not all of the colleges utilize the entire acreage under cultivation for instructional purposes, a part being rented. Lincoln University of Missouri has a farm of 88 which is cultivated wholly by tenants, no courses in agriculture being offered. In Table 8 are presented the acres of land owned by institutions, together with the values of different types of properties included in their capital investments. |