stalking-horse from behind which Shadwell might be pilloried as the adopted son and heir of Flecknoe. The satire served Pope as model for his 'Dunciad.' The authorship of MacFlecknoe' long disputed and attributed to Dryden, was called in question in 1918 when there appeared a possibility that it might have been written by John Oldham, Dryden's friend. A manuscript of the latter's poems in the Bodleian Library contains MacFlecknoe,' but Dryden claimed authorship of the piece and his friend Oldham never did. Consult Belden, H. M., The Authorship of MacFlecknoe' (in Modern Language Notes, December 1918).

MCFLIMSEY, măk flim'zi, Flora, the heroine of the once famous poem 'Nothing to Wear,' by William Allen Butler (q.v.). It was published in 1857 and became immediately popular.

MacGAHAN, măk-gä'hăn, Januarius Aloysius, American journalist and war correspondent: b. near New Lexington, Ohio, 12 June 1844; d. Constantinople, 9 June 1878. He followed different callings in Western States, then went to Europe and studied law in Brussels. Upon the outbreak of the Franco-German War in 1870 he went to the field as correspondent of the New York Herald, and was with Bourbaki's army. He visited Bordeaux and Lyons and his interviews with clerical, monarchical and republican leaders attracted wide attention. He was the only newspaper correspondent in Paris during the whole period of the Commune and narrowly escaped death. In 1873, after heroic exertions, with extreme hardships, he reached the Russian army before Khiva, and sent to the Herald reports of the campaign which won for him high admiration both here and in Europe, his account of the capitulation of the city being regarded as "a masterpiece of military journalism." Returning to America, he went to Cuba to report on the Virginius affair, then to Spain, upon the Carlist uprising, where he spent 10 months with the army of Don Carlos, was. captured by the Republicans, mistaken for a Carlist, condemned to death and saved by the intervention of the United States Minister. He then went to England, and in 1875 accompanied the Arctic expedition on the Pandora. In 1876 he joined the Turkish army, in the service of the London Daily News, and did memorable work in his description of the Bulgarian atrocities, his accounts standing approved before the world in face of all attempts to discredit them. In behalf of Bulgaria he appealed to Russia, was at the front in the Russo-Turkish War that followed, and was hailed as a chief instrument of Bulgaria's resulting independence. While nursing a friend he contracted a fever which in a few days caused his death. In 1884 the Ohio legislature secured the removal of his body from its foreign grave to its final resting-place at New Lexington. He wrote Campaigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of Khiva' (1874); 'Under the Northern Lights (1876), and 'Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria' (1876).

MCGEE, ma-ge', Anita Newcomb, American physician: b. Washington, D. C., 4 Dec. 1864. She is a daughter of Simon Newcomb (q.v.); was educated at Newnham College, Cambridge, England, at the University of Geneva and at other institutions in Europe; also graduated in medicine at Columbian (now George Washington) University, 1892, and took

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a post-graduate course in gynecology at the . Johns Hopkins Hospital. From 1892 to 1896 she practised in Washington. In 1888 she married W. J. McGee (q.v.). She has held prominent positions in the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and from April to September 1898 was director of its hospital corps, which selected women nurses for army and navy. In August 1898 to December 1899 she was acting assistant surgeon in the United States army, being the first woman to hold such a position, and was assigned to duty in the surgeon-general's office, where she organized the army nurse corps. When the Congress approved this work by making the nurse corps of trained women a permanent part of the army the pioneer stage was passed, and she resigned 31 Dec. 1900. In 1904, acting as president of the Society of Spanish-American War Nurses and as representative of Philadelphia Red Cross Society and by agreement with Japanese government, took a party of trained nurses formerly in United States army to serve in the Japanese army for six months gratuitously. Was appointed by the Japanese Minister of War as supervisor of nurses, which placed her in the same rank with officers of the Japanese army, and inspected and reported on relative nursing conditions. She is a recipient of the Japanese Imperial Order of_the Sacred Crown and of a special Japanese Red Cross decoration and two Russo-Japanese War medals. She is a member of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States and of the Spanish War Veterans, being the only woman eligible. She lectured on hygiene at the University of California in 1911, and has lectured throughout the United States and written for various magazines.

MCGEE, Thomas D'Arcy, Canadian journalist and politician: b. Carlingford, Ireland, 13 April 1825; d. Ottawa, Ontario, 7 April 1868. In 1842 he emigrated to the United States. In 1845 he returned to Ireland, but complicity in the Young Ireland movement and an abortive attempt to raise rebellion among the Glasgow Irish caused him to seek refuge in the United States in 1848. McGee then edited the New York Nation for two years, became converted to constitutional methods for the redress of Irish grievances and went to Canada in 1857 where he was editor of the The New Era. He entered Parliament in 1857; was president of the Council 1864-67 and Minister of Agriculture on the carrying through of confederation, which his eloquence and persuasiveness had done much to popularize. His assassination was the result of his opposition to the Fenian movement. He published 'History of Ireland) (1862); Speeches and Addresses of the British-American Union' (1865), etc.

MCGEE, W J, American scientist: b. in Dubuque County, Iowa, 17 April 1853; d. Washington, D. C., 4 Sept. 1912. He was self-educated, and from 1873 to 1875 surveyed land and practised in the courts. He also improved several agricultural implements, some of which he patented. In 1877-81 he made geologic and topographic surveys of northeastern Iowa, and for the United States Geological Survey he surveyed and mapped 300,000 square miles in the southeastern part of the country, and performed many other important services in the depart

.ments of geology, ethnology and anthropology. From 1893 to 1903 he was ethnologist in charge of the Bureau of American Ethnology.. He was president of the American Anthropological Association, chief of the Department of Anthropology and Ethnology of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and associate editor of the National Geographic Magazine. He wrote 'Geology of Chesapeake Bay (1888); 'Pleistocene History of Northeastern Iowa) (1891); 'The Lafayette Formation (1892); 'Potable Waters of the Eastern United States' (1894); 'The Siouan Indians' (1897); 'Primitive Trephining in Peru) (1898); The Seri Indians (1899); Primitive Numbers? (1901); Soil Erosion (1911); Wells and Subsoil Water' (1913), and many scientific memoirs.

McGIFFERT, ma-gif'ert, Arthur Cushman, American theologian and author: b. Sauquoit, N. Y., 4 March 1861. He was graduated at the Western Reserve College in 1882, and at Union Theological Seminary in 1885, and continued his studies at the universities of Berlin and Marburg, Germany, and in France and Italy. In 1888-90 he was instructor in Church history at Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, and professor there 1890-93, since when he has been professor of Church history of Union Theological Seminary, New York. In 1897 he published A History of Christianity in the Apostolic Age,' and in consequence of criticism and threatened denominational disturbance, involving his own probable trial for heresy, to which this book gave rise, he withdrew from the Presbyterian ministry, and later, while still retaining his professorship, joined the Congregational Church. His other publications include Dialogue Between a Christian and a Jew,' doctor's thesis (1888), and a translation of Eusebius' 'Church History,' with prolegomena and notes (1890); The Apostles Creed' (1902); Protestant Thought Before Kant' (1911); Martin Luther, the Man and his Work (1911); 'The Rise of Modern Religious Ideas' (1915).

MCGIFFIN, ma-gif'in, Philo Norton, American naval officer: b. Washington County, Pa., 1863; d. New York, 11 Feb. 1897. He was graduated in 1882 at the United States Naval Academy and was stationed in China, and at the outbreak of the war between China and France was permitted to resign from the United States navy to enter the service of China. He established a naval academy at Wei-hai-wei, of which he had charge. When the China-Japan War broke out he was placed in command of the Chen Yuen, and was the first American or European to command a modern warship in action. He was in command at the battle of Yalu River, in which action he was so severely injured that he afterward shot himself at a hospital in New York.

MCGILL, ma-gil', James, Canadian philanthropist: b. Glasgow, Scotland, 6 Oct. 1744; d. Montreal, 19 Dec. 1813. He was educated in Glasgow and in 1770 removed to Canada, where he engaged in the northwest fur-trade, afterward becoming a merchant in Montreal. McGill was a member of the Parliament of Lower Canada and held the rank of brigadier-general in the War of 1812. He used much of his wealth in philanthropic work and at his death founded McGill College (q.v.) in Montreal.

Sir

MCGILL COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY, in Montreal, Canada, was founded in 1811 by James McGill (q.v.). By will he left an estate known as the "Burnside Estate," which contained 47 acres of land and a fine manor house, near Montreal, and £10,000 to the "Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning," for the establishment of a university in Lower Canada (province of Quebec). The bequest was valued at the time as worth about $120,000. It was stipulated that one of the colleges of the university should be known in perpetuity as McGill College. McGill University includes a group of schools or colleges and is affiliated with Cambridge, Oxford and Dublin universities. Many generous benefactors have supplied means for the foundation of various departments or faculties. The late Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal erected and endowed the Royal Victoria College for Women. This is a residential college, and is only one of many gifts from the same donor, the last of which was a donation of $620,000 for the erection of a medical building. William Macdonald erected, equipped and endowed the Macdonald Chemistry and Mining Building, the Macdonald Physics Building and the Macdonald Engineering Building. He also gave $200,000 endowment to the Law School, besides other large donations. He has been the chief benefactor of the university. Peter Redpath gave the University Library and the Peter Redpath Museum. The degrees conferred by the university are B.A. and B.Sc., in the Faculty of Arts, and to both men and women; B.C.L. and D.C.L. in the Faculty of Law; B. Arch. and B.Sc., in the Faculty of Applied Science; M.D., C.M. and D.D.S., in the Faculty of Medicine; B.S.A. in the Faculty of Agriculture; Mus. Bach. and Mus. Doc. in the Department of Music and M.A., M.Sc., D.Sc., and D.Litt. in the Graduate School. There are four affiliated theological colleges which adjoin the university grounds. The supreme authority rests with the Crown and is exercised by the governor-general of Canada. The governors, 25 in number, manage the finances, appoint professors, pass statutes for the general government of the university and attend to other important matters. The president of the board of governors is ex officio, the chancellor. The vice-chancellor is the principal, who is the head of the academic department and chief administrative officer. The fellows number 43 and are chosen from all the faculties, affiliated colleges and other bodies, with due regard to the representation of each. They constitute the corporation, the highest academic body, which deals with courses of study, matriculation, discipline, degrees, etc. There are connected with the university about 1,500 students and 200 professors and lecturers, besides a large number of demonstrators. The library contains about 154,000 volumes. The grounds and buildings are valued at more than $8,000,000. The university is increasing its fine plant and equipment as fast as its finances will permit.

MacGILLICUDDY'S (ma-gil-i-kŭd'i) REEKS, Ireland, a picturesque mountain range, in County Kerry, extending for 131⁄2 miles from the lakes of Killarney on the east to Lough Carra on the west, and covering an area of 28 square miles. It is the loftiest moun

tain range in Ireland, culminating in Carrantuohill, 3,414 feet high.

MCGILLIVRAY, ma-gil'i-vrā, Alexander, chief of the Creek Indians: b. in Alabama about 1740; d. Pensacola, Fla., 17 Feb. 1793. His father was a Scottish merchant of good family and his mother a half-breed. He received a good education at Charleston, S. C.; was placed in a mercantile establishment in Savannah; but soon returned to the Creek country, where he became partner in a large trading house and rose to a high position among the Indians. After the death of his mother, a member of the ruling stock, he became chief of the Creeks, having received a call from a formal council, and styled himself Emperor of the Creek Nation. During the Revolution the McGillivrays, father and son, were zealous adherents of the royal cause, the former holding the rank of a colonel in the British service. After the war Alexander McGillivray, in behalf of the Creek confederacy, entered into an alliance with Spain, of which government he was made a commissary, with the rank and pay of colonel. In 1790 he was induced by President Washington to visit New York, where he eventually signed a treaty yielding certain disputed lands lying on the Oconee. He was also persuaded to withdraw from Spanish service and was rewarded with an appointment as agent for the United States, with the rank and pay of brigadier-general.

MCGILVARY, Evander Bradley, American linguist and philosopher: b. Bangkok, Siam, 19 July 1864, of American parents. He was graduated from Davidson College in 1884 and from Princeton in 1888. He was appointed as instructor in the classics at Bingham School in 1884, and in 1889-90 studied at Princeton Theological Seminary. From 1891 to 1894 he was translator for the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions in Siam, and in 1894 began graduate work at the University of California, where he later became assistant professor. In 1899 he was appointed Sage professor of ethics at Cornell. In 1905 he was appointed professor of philosophy at the University of Wisconsin. In 1910-11 he was president of the Western Philosophical Association and in 1912-13 of the American Philosophical Association. He has translated the Gospels of Matthew, Luke and John, and the Acts of the Apostles into the Lao dialect of Siamese. Has contributed to various philosophical journals and to encyclopædias.

McGLYNN, ma-glin', Edward, American Roman Catholic clergyman: b. New York, 27 Sept. 1837; d. Newburg, N. Y., 7 Jan. 1900. He was educated at the College of the Propaganda in Rome, and from 1866 was pastor of Saint Stephen's Church in New York. He favored the education of children by the State rather than in parochial schools and in 1886 warmly supported the candidacy of Henry George for the mayoralty, thereby bringing upon himself the censure of the Church. He was summoned to Rome to exculpate himself, but refused to go, pleading his ill-health. Persisting in his refusal he was excommunicated in 1887. He was one of the founders of the Anti-Poverty Society and was its president. In 1893, after a hearing before the Pope's delegate, Monsignor Satolli, the ban of excommunication was reVOL. 18-4

moved, after signing a document drawn up by the apostolic delegate to the effect that his economic views were not in conflict with the Catholic faith. He was in charge of Saint Mary's parish in Newburg at his death.

MCGOVERN, ma-gov'èrn, John, American author: b. Troy, N. Y., 18 Feb. 1850. He was connected for 16 years with the Chicago Tribune, and since 1880 has been engaged in literary work and lecturing, chiefly on great writers and historical characters. In the action of S. E. Gross, author of the play The Merchant Prince of Cornville,' against Edmond Rostrand, author of Cyrano de Bergerac,' he acted as literary expert for the former, furnishing in the case over 700 exhibits containing innumerable parallels between the two dramas. The United States Court at Chicago issued a decree in 1902 sustaining the claim of Gross to priority of authorship and forbidding the representation of Cyrano de Bergerac in this country. McGovern's numerous writings include "The Empire of Information) (1880); A Pastoral Poem (1882); The Toiler's Diadem' (1885); Under the Open Sky (1890); King Darwin, a novel (1894); American Statesmen' (1898); 'Famous Women of the World' (1898) John McGovern's Poems (1902); The Golden Legacy'; 'History of Grain' (1913); Trees' psychologically considered; 'Hospitality'; 'In Bohemia,' etc.

McGRATH, mă-gråth', Harold, American journalist and novelist: b. Syracuse, N. Y., 4 Sept. 1871. He was educated in Syracuse and has been engaged in journalism since 1890. He has written Arms and the Woman' (1899); "The Puppet Crown' (1901); The Grey Cloak (1903); The Princess Elopes (1905); 'Enchantment (1905); 'Hearts and Masks' (1905); Half a Rogue' (1906); The Watteau Shepherdess, an operetta (1906); The Best Man' (1907); The Enchanted Hat' (1908); The Lure of the Mask (1908); 'The Goose Girl (1909); A Splendid Hazard' (1910); The Carpet from Bagdad' (1911); Place of Honeymoons (1912); 'Parrot and Co. (1912); Deuces Wild' (1913); Adventures of Kathlyn' (1913); Million Dollar Mystery (1914); Pidgin Island) (1914); Voice in the Fog) (1915).

MCGRATH, Patrick Thomas, BritishAmerican journalist: b. Saint John's, Newfoundland, 16 Dec. 1868. He was educated at the Christian Brothers' School, Saint John's, and in 1889 became a reporter on the Saint John's Evening Herald. He was promoted acting editor in 1893, and in 1894-1907 was editor. He established the Evening Chronicle, which in 1912 was united with the Herald, and became president of the company. He has acted as Newfoundland correspondent of the London Times since 1904 and is an extensive contributor to both British and American periodicals. He has been president of the Legislative Council of Newfoundland since 1915. He assisted in the preparation of the colony case concerning the French and American fisheries and was the colony's secretary on the occasion of the Dominion's Royal Commission visit to Newfoundland in 1914. He has been honorary secretary of the Newfoundland Patriotic Fund, the Newfoundland Regiment Finance Committee and the Newfoundland War Pensions