16.

Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Navigation and Commerce between the United States of America and the Republic of Ecuador. Concluded and signed at Quito on the 13 June 1839. (Acts an Resolutions passed at the third Session of the 27 Congress of the United States Washington, 1843 Appendix S. 1-23).

The United States of America and the Republic of Ecuador, desiring to make lasting and firm, the friendship and good understanding which happily prevails between both nations, have resolved to fix, in a manner clear, distinct and positive, the rules which shall, in future, be religiously observed between the one and the other, by means of a treaty of friendship, commerce and navigation. For this most desirable object, the President of the United States of America has conferred fullpowers on James C. Pickett, a citizen of the said States, and the President of the Republic of Ecuador, on Doctor Luis de Saá, Minister of Finance charged with the Departement of the Interior and Foreign Relations; who, after having exchanged their said full powers, in due and proper form, have agreed to the following articles:

Art. I. There shall be a perfect, firm and inviolable peace and sincere friendship, between the United States of America and the Republic of Ecuador, in all the extent of their possessions and territories, and between their people and citizens, respectively, without distinction of persons or places.

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Art. II. The United States of America and the Republic of Ecuador, desiring to live in peace and har mony with all the other nations of de earth, by means of a policy, frank and equally friendly with all, engage mutually, not to grant any particular favor to other nations, in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same freely, if the conces

1839

1839 tando la misma compensacion, si la concesion fuere condicional.

Art. III. Las dos altos partes contratantes, deseando tambien establecer el comercio y navegacion de sus respectivos paises sobre las liberales bases de perfecta igualdad y reciprocidad, convienen, mutuamente en que los ciudadanos de cada una podrán frecuentar todas las costas y paises de la otra y resider y traficar en ellos con toda clase de producciones, manufactures y mercanderias, y gozaran de todos los derechos, privilegios y exenciones, con respecto à navegacion y comercio, de que gozan ó gozaren los cuidadanos naturales, sometiendose á las leyes, decretos y usos establecidos, á que estan sujetos dichos ciudadanos. Pero debe entenderse que este articulo no comprende el comercio de cabotage de cada uno los paises, cuya regulacion queda reservada á las partes respectivamente, segun sus leyes propias y peculiares. Y debe entenderse ademas, que este articulo estará sugeto á la modification siguiente; que por cuanto, una ley del Ecuador, fecha de Marzo 21 de 1837, dispone, que los buques construidos en el astillero de Guayaquill, serán libres de derechos de varias clases, los buques de los Estados Unidos no podrán pretender esta misma libertad; pero la gozarán, si se concediese à los buques de la Espanna, de Mejico y de las demas Republicas Hispano-Americanas.

Art. IV. Y-gualmente convienen en que cualquiera clase de producciones, manufacturas ó mercanderias, de cualquier pais estranjero que puedan ser en cualquier tiempo legalmente introducidas en la República del Ecuador en sus propios buques, puedan tambien ser introducidas en los buques de los Estados Unidos, y que no se impodrán ó conbrarán otros ó mas altos derechos de tonelada, ó por el cargamento, ya sea que la importacion se haga en buques de la una ó de la otra. De la misma manera, cualquiera clase de producciones manufacturas ó mercaderias de cual quier pais estrangero, que puedan ser en cualquier tiempo legalmente introducidas en los Estados Unidas en sus propios buques, podrán, tambien ser introducidas en los buques de la República del Ecuador, y no se impodrán ó cobraran otros ó mas altos derechos de tonelada ó por el cargamento, ya sea que la importacion se haga en bu ques de la una ó de la otra. Y convienen que todo lo que pueda ser legalmente esportado ó re- esportado

sion was freely made, or, on allowing the same com- 1839 pensation, if the concession was conditional.

Art. III. The two high contracting parties, being likewise desirous of placing the commerce and navigation of their respective countries on the liberal basis of perfect equality and reciprocity, mutually agree, that the citizens of each, may frequent all the coasts and countries of the other, and reside and trade there, in all kinds of produce, menufactures and merchandise; and they shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and exemptions, in navigation and commerce, which native citizens do, or shall enjoy, submitting themselves to the laws, decrees and usages there established, to which native citizens are subjected: but it is understood, that this article does not include the coasting trade of either countzy, the regulation of which is reserved by the parties respectively, according to their own separate laws. And it is further agreed, that this article shall be subject to the following modification. That whereas by a law of Ecuador of March 21st, 1837, vessels built in the dock-yard of Guayaquil, shall be exempted from various charges, therefore, vessels of the United States connot claim this privilege, but shall enjoy it if it should be granted to vessels belonging to Spain, or to Mexico and to the other Hispano -American Republices.

Art. IV. They likewise agree, that whatever kind of produce, manufactures or merchandise of any foreign country can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into the United States, in their own vessels, mey be also imported in the vessels of the Republic of Ecuador; and that no higher or other duties upon the tonnage of the vessel and her cargo, shall be levied and collected, whether the importation be made in the vessels of the one country or of the other: and, in like manner, that whatever kind of produce, manufactures or marchandise of any foreign country, can be, form time to time, lawfully imported into the Republic of Ecuador in its own vessels, may be also imported in vessels of the United States; and that no higher or other dulies upon the tonnage of the vessel and her cargo, shall be levied or collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one country or of the other. And they agree, that whatever may be lawfully expor

1839 de uno de los dos paises en sus propios buques para un pais estrangero, pueda de la misma manera ser esportado ó re-esportado en los buques del otro. Y los mismos derechos, premios ó descuentos se concederán y cobraran, sea que la esportation ó re-esportacion se haga en los buques de la República del Ecuador ó en los de los Estados Unidos.

Art. V. Para cabal inteligencia del articulo precedente, y en consideracion al estado de la marina comercial de la República del Ecuador; se ha estipulado y convenido que todo buques, perteneciente exclusivamente ó ciudadano ó ciudadanos de dicha República, y cuyo capitan sea tambien ciudadano de ella, aunque su construccion y tripulacion sean estrangeras, será considerado para todos los efectos de este tratado, buque Ecuadoriano.

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Art. VI. No se impondrán otros ó mas altos derechos á la importacion en la República del Ecuador de cualquier articulo, produccionó manufactura de los Estados Unidos, ni se impondrán otros ó mas altos derechos à la importacion de cualquier articulo, produccionó manufactura de la República del Ecuador, en los Estados Unidos, que los que se paguen ó pagaren por iguales articulos, produccionó manufactura de cualquier pais estrangero, ni se impondrán otros ó mas altos derechos ó impuestos en cualquiera de los dos paises, à la esportacion de cualesquiera articulos para la República del Ecuador, ó para los Estados Unidos respectivamente, que los que se paguen ó pagaren á la esportacion de iguales articulos para cualquier otro pais estrangero; ni se prohibirá la importacion ó esportacion en los territorios ó de los territorios de la República del Ecuador y de los Estados Unidos, de cualesquiera articulos, produccion ó manufactura de la una ó de la otra, á menos que esta prohibicion sea igualmente estensiva á todas las otras naciones.

Art. VII. Se conviene ademas, que será enteramente libre y permitido á los comerciantes, comandantes de buques, y otros ciudadonos de ambos paises, el manejar sus negocios por si mismos, en todos los puertos y lugares sujetos á la jurisdiccion de uno ú otro, asi respecto de las consignaciones y ventas por mayor y menor de sus efectos y mercanderias, como de la cargo y descarga y despacho de sus buques, debiendo en to

ted or re-exported from one country in ils own vessels, 1839 to any foreign country, may, in like manner, be exported or re-exported in the vessels of the other country. And the same bounties, duties and drawbacks shall be allowed and collected, whether such exportation, or re exportation be made in vessels of the United States, or of the Republic of Ecuador.

Art. V. For the better understanding of the preceding article, and taking into consideration, the actual state of the commercial marine of Ecuador, it has been stipulated and agreed, that all vessels belonging exclusively to a citizen or citizens of said Republic, and whose captain is also a citizen of the same, though the construction or the erew are, or may be foreign, shall be considered for all the objects of this treaty, as au Ecuadorian vessels.

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Art. VI. No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United States, of any articles, the produce or manufactures of the Republic of Ecuador; and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the Republic of Ecuador, any articles the produce or manufactures of the United States, than are, or shall be payable on the like articles, being the produce or manufactures of any other foreign country; nor shall any higher or other duties or charges be imposed in either of the two countries, on the exportation of any articles to the United States or to the Republic of Ecuador, respectively, than such as are pagable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country; nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation or importation of any articles the produce or manufactures of the United States or of the Republic of Ecuador to or from the territories of the United States, or to or from the territories of the Republic of Ecuador, which shall not equally extend to all other nations.

Art. VII. It is likewise agreed, that it shall be wholly free for all merchants, commanders of ships and other citizens of both countries, to manage themselves, their own business, in all the ports and places subject to the jurisdiction of each other, as well with respect to the consignment and sale of their goods and merchandise be wholesale and retail, as with respect to the loading, unloading and sending of their ships; they being in all these cases to be treated as ci