other, shall be buried in the usual burying grounds, 1839 or in other decent or suitable places, and shall be protected from violantion or disturbance.

Art. XV. It shall be lawful for the citicens of the United States of America and of the Republic of Ecuador, to sail with their ships, with all manner of liberty and security, no distinction being made who are the proprietors of the marchandises laden thereon, from any port, to the places of those who now are, or hereaster shall be, at enmity with either of the contracting, parties. It shall likewise be lawful for the citizens aforesaid, to sail with their ships and merchandises before mentioned, and to trade with the same liberty and security from the places, ports, and havens of those who are enemies of both, or either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever; not only directly from the places of the enemy before mentioned, to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy, to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of one power, or under several. And it is hereby stipulated, that free ships shall also give freedom to goods, and that every thing shall be deemed free and exempt, which shall be found on board the ships belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, although the whole lading, or any part thereof, should appertain to the enemies of either; contraband goods being always excepted. It is also agreed, in like manner, that the same liberty shall be extended to persons who are on board a free ship, with this effect, that, although they may be enemies to both, or either party, they are not to be taken out of that free ship, unless they are officers or soldiers, and in the actual service of the enemies: Provided however, and it is hereby agreed that the stipulations in this article contained, declaring that the flag shall cover the property, shall be understood as applying to those powers only who recognise this principle; but, if either of the two contracting parties shall be at war with a third, and the other neutral, the flag of the neutral shall cover the property of enemies, whose Governments acknowledge this principle, and not of others.

Art. XVI. It is likewise agreed that in the case where the neutral flog of one of the contracting parties

1839 tes, proteja las propiedades de los enemigos de la otra, en virtud de lo estipulado arriba, debera siempre entenderse, que las propiedades neutrales encontradas à bordo de tales buques enemigos, han de tenerse y considerarse como propiedades enemigas: y como tales estaran sujetas á detencion y confiscacion; esceptuando solamente aquellas propiedades que hubiesen sido puestas á bordo de tales buques antes de la declaracion de la guerra, y aun despues, si habiesen sido embarcadas en dichos buques sin tener noticia de la guerra: y se conviene, que pasados seis meses despues de la declaracion, los ciudadanos de una y otra parte no podran alegar que la ignoraban. Por el contario, si la bandera neutral no protegiese las propiedades enemigas, entonces serán libres los efectos y mercaderia de la parte neutral embarcadas en buques enemigos.

Art. XVII. Esta libertad de navegacion y comercio se estendera á todo genero de mercanderias, esceptuando aquellas solamente que se distinguen con el nombre de contrabando; y bajo este nombre de contrabando ó effectos prohibidos, se comprenderán.

1o. Cannones, moteros, obuces, pedreros, trabucos,
mosquetes, fusiles, rifles, carabinos, pistolas, picas,
espadas, sables, lanzas, chuzos, alabardas, y grana-
das, búmbas, pólvora, mechas, balas, con las demas
cosas correspondietes al uso de estas armas.
2o. Escudos, casquetes, corazas, cotas de malla, forni-
turas, y vestidos hechos, en forma y a usanza militar.
3o. Bandoleras y caballos, junto con sus armas y arneses.
4o. Y generalmente, toda especie de armas é instrumen-
tos de hierro, acero, bronce, cobre, y otras materias
cualesquiera, manufacturadas, preparadas y formadas
espresamente para hacer la guerra por mar ó tierra.
Art. XVIII. Todas las demas mercaderias y effec-
sos no comprendidos en los articulos de contrabando es-
plicitamente enumerados y clasificados en el articulo
anterior serán tenidos y reputados por libres, y de li-
cito y libre comercio, de modo que ellos puedan ser
transportados y llevados de la manera mas libre por
los ciudadanos de ambas partes contratantes, aun á los
lugares pertenecientes á un enemigo de una ú utra, es-
ceptuando solamente aquellos lugares ó plazas que estan
al mismo tiempo sitiades ó bloqueadas, y para evitar
toda duda en el particular, se declaran sitiadas ó blo-`

shall protect the property of the enemies of the other, 1839 by virtue of the above stipulations, it shall always be understood, that the neutral property found on board such enemys vessels shall be held and considered as enemy's property, and as such, shall be liable to detention and confiscation; except such property as was put on board such vessel before the declaration of war, or even afterward, if it were done without the knowledge of it, but the contracting parties agree, that six months having elapsed after the declaration, their citizens shall not plead ignorance thereof. On the contrary, if the flag of the neutral does not protect the enemy's property, in that ease, the goods and merchandises of the neutral, embarked in such enemy's ship, shall be free.

Art. XVII. This liberty of navigation and commerce, shall extend to all kinds of merchandise, excepting those only which are distinguished by the name of contraband: and under this name of contraband or prohibited goods shall be comprehended:

1st. Cannons, mortars, howitzers, swivels, blunderbusses, muskets, fusses, rifles, carbines, pistols, pikes, swords, sabres, lances, spears, halberds, and grenades; bombs, powder, matches, balls, and all other things belonging to the use of these arms.

2d. Bukklers, helmets, breastplates, coats of mail, in-
fantry belts, and clothes made up in military form,
and for military use.

3d. Cavalry belts, and horses with their furniture.
4th. And generally, all kinds of arms and instruments
of iron, steel, braas, and copper, or of any other
materials, manufactured, prepared, and formed ex-
pressly to make war, by sea or land.

Art. XVIII. All other merchandises and things, not comprehended in the articles of contraband explicitly enumerated and classified as above, shall be held and considered as free, and subjects of free and lawful commerce, so that they may be carried and transported in the freest manner, by the citizens of both the contracting parties, evee to places belonging to an enemy, excepting only those places, which are, at that time, besieged or blockaded: and to avoid all doubt in this particular, it is declared that those places only are besieged or blockaded which are actually attacked by a

1839 queadas aquellas plazas que en la actualidad estuviesen atacadas por una fuerza de un beligerante capaz de impedir la entrada del neutral.

Art. XIX. Los articulos de contrabando antes enumerados y clasificados, que se hallen en un buque destinado á puerto enemigo, estarán sujetos á detencion y cohfiscacion, dejando libre el resto del cargamento y el buque para que los duennos puedan disponer de ellos como lo crean conveniente. Ningun buque de cualquiera de las dos naciones, secá detenido por tener á bordo articulos de contrabando, siempre que el maestre, capitan ó sobrecargo de dicho buque, quiera entregar los articulos de contrabando al apresador, á menos que la cantidad de estos articulos sea tan grande y de tanto volúmen que no puedan ser recibidos á bordo del buque apresador sin grandes inconvenientes; pero en este, como en todos los otros casos de justa detencion, el buque detenido será enviado al puerto mas inmediato, como do y seguro, para ser juzgado y sentenciado conforme á las 'leyes.

Art. XX. Y por cuanto frecuentemente sucede que los buques navegan para un puerto ó lugar perteneciente à un enemigo, sin saber que aquel esté sitiado, bloqueado ó investido, se conviene en que todo buque en estas circunstancias se pueda hacer volver de dicho puerto ó lugar, pero no será delenido ni confiscado, parte alguna de su cargamento, no siendo contrabando; á menos que despues de la intimacion de semejante bloqueo ataque por cualquier comandante de un buque de las fuerzas bloqueadoras, intentase otra vez entrar; pero le será permitido ir á cualquier otro puerto ó lugar que juzgue conveniente. Ni ningun buque de una de las partes que hava entrado en semejante puerto ó lugar, antes que estuviese sitiado, bloqueado ó investido, bloqueado ó investido por la otra, sera impedido de dejar et tal lugar con su cargamento, ni si fuere hallado alli despues de la rendicion y entrega de seme

belligerant force capable of preventing the entry of 1839 a neutral.

Art. XIX. The articles of contraband before enumerated and classified, which may be found in a vessel bound for an enemy's port shall be subject to detention and confiscation, leaving free the rest of the cargo and the ship, that the owners may dispose of them as they may see proper. No vessel of either of the two nations shall be detained on the high seas, on account of having on board, articles of contraband, whenever the master, captain or surpercargo of said vessel, will deliver up the articles of contraband to the captor, unless the quantity of such articles be so great, or of so large a bulk, that they cannot be received on board the capturing ship without great inconvenience; but in this and in all other cases of just detention and confiscation, leaving free the rest of the cargo and the ship; that the owners may dispose of them as they may see proper. No vessel of either of the two nations shall be detained on the high seas, on account of having on board, articles of contraband, whenever the master captain or supercargo of said vessel, will deliver up the articles of contraband to the capturing ship without great inconvenience; but in just detention, the vessel detained shall be sent to the nearest convenient and safe port, for trial and judgment according to law.

Art. XX. And whereas it frequently happens that vessels sail for a port or places belonging to an enemy, without nowing that the same is besieged, blockaded or invested, it is agreed that every vessel so circumstanced, may be turned away from such port or place, but shall not be detained, nor shall any part of her cargo, if not contraband, be confiscated; unless, after warning of such blockade or investment, from any officer commanding a vessel of the blockading forces, they shall again attempt to enter, but she shall be permitted to go to any other port or place, she shall think proper.

Nor shall any vessel of either, that may have entered into such port before the same was actually besieged blockaded or invested by the other, be restrained from quitting such place with her cargo; nor, if found thercin, after the reduction and surrender, shall such ves