Just Deserts for Corporate Criminals

actions activity adverse publicity Andrew von Hirsch assessment behavior benefits and burdens blame blameworthiness Braithwaite civil Clinard and Yeager community service concept concerns condemnatory conduct considered corporate crime Corporate Criminal Law corporate offenses corporate punishment corporate-punishment corporation's courts crime control criminal punishment Criminology culpability day-fine day-fine system degree desert perspective desert-based determining entails equity examining example factors Feinberg fines Fisse Future Crimes H. L. A. Hart Harvard Law Review Ibid illegal impact important imposed incorporate intent internal decision structure involves ishment issues Joel Feinberg John Braithwaite Justice mens rea ment merit Model Penal Code moral notion offense seriousness organizational Past or Future penalty porate problems proportionality punishment of corporations punishment scale ranking rationale Reconstructing Corporate Criminal regulatory offenses reprobation requirements result retributive risk shareholders specific structural intervention suggested theory tion utilitarian victim violation welfare interest White-Collar Crime Yale Law Journal York