eight of the finest Oertling and Becker analytical balances and a small reference library. This laboratory is provided with a complete equipment for measuring high temperatures, such as an air thermometer, a Fischer calorimeter-pyrometer, a Siemens' electric pyrometer; also the Orsat, Bunte, and Fischer apparatus for the analysis of furnace gases, and a Thomson calorimeter for determining the heating effect of fuels. III. Gold and Silver Mill. This is contained in a separate building specially designed for the purpose. The lower floor is of concrete and the upper floor is double and arranged to serve as a sampling floor. This laboratory is designed to illustrate, on a working scale, the methods in successful use in crushing, sampling, concentrating, and working gold and silver ores in the wet way. It contains a fifteen horse-power Westinghouse steam engine, an Eickemeyer shunt wound dynamo capable of delivering a current of two hundred amperes at fifty volts at any point in the laboratories. At one extremity of the laboratory is the dry-crushing and sampling plant. A platform elevator lifts the ore by the carload to the upper floor, where it is fed to a Dodge jawcrusher, which also selects an automatic sample of the ore crushed; this remains on the upper floor, to be quartered down for assaying. The main lot of crushed ore passes through the floor by chutes, at will, either to a pair of sixteen-inch Krom steel-rolls specially designed for this laboratory, or else to a six-inch Sturtevant mill. After being crushed in either of these machines the ore is elevated by a bucket elevator and delivered to a Krom revolving trommel, where it is classified into three sizes and the coarse particles are returned to the machine for further reduction. The whole plant is connected with an exhaust fan and a set of dust chambers, so that the operation is conducted without inconvenience or loss from dusting. The wet-crushing plant consists of a stamp battery with three five hundred pound stamps; the mortar is specially designed for either single or double discharge, so that it can be used if necessary for either wet or dry crushing of silver ores or as a deep mortar for gold ores. For gold ores a high discharge is used in the mortar, and the pulp passes first over a set of amalgamated copper plates and then over a Frue concentrator, specially designed for either side or end motion. An automatic sampler, also of special design, takes at intervals of three minutes samples of the pulp simultaneously as it leaves the mortar, the plates, and the concentrator. The frequency of the sample-taking is also adjustable. An exact knowledge of the entire operation at each step is thus made possible. The tailings are all impounded in a concrete settling tank and are finally sampled by quartering as a check. Owing to a scarcity of water and to avoid a loss in slimes, the clear water is returned by a centrifugal pump to the battery. For silver ores, the ore may be crushed either dry or wet, and the pulp, either raw or roasted, may be treated either by amalgamation or by leaching. For this purpose four amalgamating pans and two arrastras, and numerous leaching and precipitating boxes, are provided. The concentration of coarsely disseminated ores is provided for by the drycrushing and sizing plant, and two Harz ore-jigs; while finely disseminated ores are crushed wet, sorted in spitzkasten and spitzlutten, and either jigged on an ore-bed or treated on vanners, according to fineness. Students are afforded every opportunity to acquire practical familiarity with each detail of the best methods now in use. For this purpose, parcels of ore varying in amount from five hundred pounds to several tons are assigned to each member of the class. He is expected to take charge of the work, and, with the assistance of his fellow students, to weigh, crush, sample, and assay his lot of ore; to determine the best mode of treatment, and then to carry this plan into execution, determining the amount and nature of the losses at each step, and the best method of reducing them to a minimum. Thus, each student, in turn, acts as workman and foreman in charge of work, and all acquire experience covering quite a wide range of methods. IV. Power, Repair Shops, and Battery-Room. Power is provided for all large work by a twenty horse-power Babcock and Wilcox water-tube boiler, and steam is conveyed in covered steam pipes to any point where it may be needed. For light work a two horse-power steam engine is used. There are three shops for repairs and the construction of appliances constantly designed for experimental work. One is a forge-room for working iron and steel; another is equipped for wood working, and for water, gas, and steam-fitters' work; another contains a screw-cutting lathe, shaper, drill press, a full line of machinists' tools, and two dynamos of two horse-power each. One of the dynamos is arranged to give a current of 15 amperes and 100 volts, the other 15 volts and 100 amperes, and both are so arranged that any tension and quantity within these limits can be readily produced and maintained. Adjoining this room is the battery-room, containing twenty-six Sorlet storage-battery cells of 150 ampere hour capacity. This battery is used to run a ThomsonHouston electric lantern in the lecture-room. Other storage cells and a number of gravity cells furnish current for electrolytic work in the research laboratory adjoining. V. Mining Laboratory. This is supplied with a set of single and double hand drills, hammers and sledges, an Ingersoll Eclipse and a Rand rock drill, a supply of drill steel, a forge with all the appliances for sharpening, hardening, and tempering hand and machine drills, a supply of quarry blocks of sandstone and of Rocklin granite. Among the latter are the ones used at the drilling contest on Miners' Day at the Midwinter Fair. These are preserved as a record. Blasting and the effect of explosives are illustrated in term time by the work of the numerous rock quarries and water tunnels near Berkeley, and in the vacations by work in the mines. VI. Lecture-Rooms and Museums. These are contained on the third and fourth floors of the Mining Building, and are designed to give a complete illustration of the lectures by maps, drawings, and plans, and by collections of models and products. The arrangement of the lecture-room is such that whenever needed in a lecture, lantern-slide illustrations may be projected upon the screen by simply turning a switch. The collection of lantern-slide illustrations, already large, and growing, is designed to illustrate the mining art as practiced in all parts of the world. The Civil Engineering Laboratory has recently been established and fitted with apparatus of the best make, particularly designed for experimental tests and original investigations, especially as related to the materials used in civil engineering construction. A latest improved Olsen automatic and autographic testing machine of 200,000 pounds capacity, and a Riehlé cement-testing machine of 2,000 pounds capacity are among the recent additions to this set of apparatus. The timbers, building-stones, cements, and bitumens of the Pacific Coast receive especial attention in this laboratory; and practical questions connected with water for domestic use, tests of macadam rock and of sanitary mechanism are considered. The Agricultural, Viticultural, and Entomological Laboratories and lecture-rooms are located in the Experiment-Station Building. This building contains also the laboratory and office of the Professor of Agriculture, who is at the same time Director of the Experiment Stations. The Agricultural Laboratory is devoted primarily to the prosecution of chemical and physical researches in relation to general agriculture; such as the mechanical and chemical examination of soils, waters, agricultural products, natural and commercial fertilizers, etc., and the determination of technical questions relating to agricultural processes or manufactures. The results of this work are reported to the persons interested; so far as they are of general interest, they are published, currently in the form of bulletins, ultimately in the form of annual reports. These publications are mailed free to all persons making application for them. In order to supply the demand for special instruction in the analysis and investigation of agricultural materials and products, desk room in the laboratories for ten advanced and special students has been provided. The Viticultural Laboratory (the only one of its kind in the United States) is intended not only for the analysis of musts and wines, but also for the experimental production of wines on a small scale. The outfit for the latter purpose occupies the basement and three cellar-rooms of the ExperimentStation Building. Wines are here made experimentally, for the purpose of testing the peculiarities of different grape varieties, or differences caused by the various soils and localities, so as to place the mutual adaptation of vines, soils, and localities upon a definite basis as quickly as possible. The various methods of fermenting and treating wines are also tested. Under the State law originally creating this laboratory, samples of wines are received for analysis or such other examination as may be necessary. Students desiring to become familiar with such work, or with the theory and art of wine-making, are admitted to laboratory and cellar practice. For olive testing, by actual manufacture of oil from different varieties, an outfit of the most approved machinery has been provided. The manufacture is supplemented by close laboratory treatment of the product, to determine accurately its characteristics. In the manufacture and subsequent investigations students are expected to participate. For the Entomological Laboratory and Museum a partial equipment has been provided, which includes cabinets, desks, dissecting apparatus, microscopes, reagents, etc. The Experiment Stations of the College of Agriculture make provision for systematic experimentation in the culture of the various products of the farm in California. The investigations include the introduction and testing of new varieties, the study of diseases of plants and animals, the repression of vege table and animal parasites, etc. Samples sent for examination are analyzed or tested, and reported upon by letter as rapidly as the examinations can be completed. The entire technical staff of the college takes part in the experimental work. There are at present eight stations at which this work is prosecuted, namely: A. The Central Station at Berkeley, organized in the year 1875, from which all work connected with the various Experiment Stations is directed, where all laboratory investigations are made, and whence all official communications are sent. The University grounds, portions of which are set apart for experimental culture, are much diversified in aspect, are traversed by two watercourses, and are adapted to a great variety of plant life. B. Four Outlying Culture Stations, intended mainly for culture experiments in the several distinct climatic regions of the State. These are: (1) The Sierra Foothill Station, near Jackson, Amador County; (2) The Southern Coast Range Station, near Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County; (3) The San Joaquin Valley Station, near Tulare, Tulare County; (4) The Southern California Station, on the Chino Ranch, between Chino and Pomona, Los Angeles County. C. Two Forestry Stations, one at Santa Monica. Los Angeles County; the other near Chico, Butte County. The management of these stations was transferred to the University by the State Legislature in 1893. D. A Viticultural Station, near Mission San José, Alameda County, underprivate auspices. Its patron is the Palmdale Company. GYMNASIUM. The Gymnasium, presented to the University by A. K. P. Harmon, is well' equipped, and provides all the students with opportunities for physical exercise. It contains ten shower-baths, sixteen dressing-rooms, and five hundred lockers for the use of students, each student being required to make a deposit for a key to a locker. The gymnastic exercises of the students are conducted systematically under the supervision of the Department of Physical Culture. (See page 125.), LICK ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. (Lick Observatory.) OFFICERS OF THE OBSERVATORY. MARTIN KELLOGG, President of the University. EDWARD S. HOLDEN, Director and Astronomer. EDWARD E. BARNARD, Astronomer. WILLIAM W. CAMPBELL, Astronomer. R. H. TUCKER, JR., Astronomer. ALLEN L. COLTON, Assistant Astronomer. HISTORY OF THE LICK OBSERVATORY. * * * * * The Observatory was founded by JAMES LICK, by his deed of trust dated September 21, 1875. This deed devotes the sum of $700,000 to "the purpose of purchasing land, and constructing and putting up on such land a powerful telescope, superior to and more powerful than any telescope yet made; * * * and, also, a suitable observatory connected therewith." The deed further provides that "if, after the construction of said telescope and observatory, there shall remain of said $700,000 * any surplus," the surplus shall be invested, and that "the income thereof shall be devoted to the maintenance of said telescope and the observatory connected therewith, and shall be made useful in promoting science; and the said telescope and observatory are to be known as the Lick Astronomical Department of the University of California." The gift of Mr. LICK was accepted by the Board of Regents December 7, 1875. Mr. LICK had already, in August, 1875, selected Mt. Hamilton, in Santa Clara County, as a site for the Observatory. Land for the site (1,350 acres) was granted by Act of Congress, June 7, 1876. One hundred and forty-nine acres additional were purchased by Mr. LICK, and a tract of forty acres was added by gift of R. F. MORROW, Esq., in 1886. The north half of section sixteen of the township was granted to the University, for the use of the Observatory, by the Legislature of California in 1888. This land (320 acres) is continuous with the grant from the United States. Congress also granted in 1892 an additional tract of 680 acres, making the total area of the Reservation about 2,581 acres. The Observatory consists of a Main Building, containing computing rooms, library (of 3,000 books and 3,300 pamphlets), and the domes of the 36-inch equatorial and the 12-inch equatorial; and Detached Buildings, to shelter the |