§ 7.

The certificate of admission shall be granted to every citizen of another State of the Confederation who applies therefor and proves that he has settled in the State in which he desires admission, unless there are reasons, according to §§ 2 to 5 of the law of November 1, 1867, concerning the right to change residence (Federal Law Bulletin, p. 55), which justify the rejection of a new settler or the refusal to permit a continuance of residence.

$ 8.

A certificate of naturalization shall be granted to foreigners only when they (1) are capable of managing their own affairs according to the laws of their former domicile, unless the deficiency in this regard is supplied by the consent of the father, the guardian, or the curator of the applicant; (2) have led an irreproachable life; (3) find a residence of their own or some place of shelter in the locality where they wish to settle; (4) are able to support themselves and those dependent on them in such locality according to the conditions prevailing there.

Before granting a certificate of naturalization the higher administrative authority shall receive a report from the municipality and the poor board of the place where the applicant wishes to reside relative to the requirements under Nos. 2, 3, and 4.

Citizens of the Kingdoms of Bavaria and Württemberg and of the Grand Duchy of Baden shall, in case of reciprocity, be required, before they become naturalized, to furnish proof that they have complied with the military obligations of their former country or have been released therefrom.

$ 9.

A commission issued or confirmed by the Government or by a central or higher administrative authority to a foreigner or citizen of another State of the Confederation who has been employed in the direct or indirect Government service or in the church, school, or municipal service shall supply the place of a naturalization certificate or certificate of admission unless a reservation to the contrary is contained in the commission.

If a foreigner has been appointed to a position in the service of the Confederation he acquires citizenship in that State of the Confederation in which he has his official residence.

$ 10.

A certificate of naturalization or admission confers all the rights and obligations of citizenship from the date of its issue.

§ 11.

A grant of citizenship shall, unless exception is made, also extend to the wife and the minor children who are still under the paternal authority.

§ 12.

Residence in a State of the Confederation does not of itself confer citizen

ship.

§ 13.

Citizenship shall henceforth be lost only: (1) By release upon application (§§ 14 et seq.); (2) by decision of the authorities (§§ 20 and 22); (3) by ten years' residence abroad (§ 21); (4) in the case of illegitimate children, by legitimation in accordance with the provisions of the law, provided the father belongs to a different State than the mother; (5) in the case of a North German, by marriage with a citizen of another State of the Confederation or with a foreigner.

§ 14.

Release shall be granted by means of a certificate of release issued by the higher administrative authority of the native State.

§ 15.

Release shall be granted to every citizen who proves that he has acquired citizenship in another State of the Confederation.

In the absence of such proof it shall not be granted—

(1) To persons liable to military duty who are between 17 and 25 years of age until they have produced a certificate of the district recruiting board showing that they are not seeking the release for the sole purpose of evading military duty in the standing army or in the navy;

(2) To military persons belonging to the standing army or the navy, to officers of the furloughed class, and to officials, until they have been discharged from the service;

(3) To persons belonging to the reserve of the standing army and the landwehr, as well as to the reserve of the navy and to the seewehr, and not appointed as officers, after they have been called into active service.

§ 16.

North Germans who wish to emigrate to the Kingdom of Bavaria, the Kingdom of Württemberg, or the Grandduchy of Baden, or to those parts of the Grandduchy of Hesse which do not belong to the Confederation, shall be refused release, in case of reciprocity, as long as they fail to prove that the State in question is willing to admit them.

§ 17.

Release shall not be refused in times of peace for any other reasons than those indicated in §§ 15 and 16. In times of war or danger of war the right is reserved to the presidency of the Confederation to issue special orders.

$ 18.

A certificate of release involves loss of citizenship from the date of its issue. The release becomes ineffective if the person released does not transfer his residence outside of the territory of the Confederation within six months from the day of issue, or if he does not acquire citizenship in another State of the Confederation.

$ 19.

The release extends also to the wife and to the minor children who are still under the paternal authority, unless an exception is made therein.

$ 20.

North Germans residing abroad may be declared to have lost their citizenship by resolution of the central authority of their native State if, in case of war or danger of war, they fail to obey an express summons, issued by the presidency of the Confederation for the whole territory of the Confederation, to return within a given period.

§ 21.

North Germans who leave the territory of the Confederation and reside abroad ten years uninterruptedly lose their citizenship thereby. The aforementioned period is to be calculated from the date of leaving the territory of the Confederation, or, if the emigrant is in possession of a passport or certificate of nativity, from the time of the expiration of these papers. The period is interrupted by registration in the register of a consulate of the Confederation. It begins anew from the day following cancellation from the register.

Loss of citizenship incurred according to this provision extends also to the wife and to the minor children who are under the paternal authority, provided they are with the husband or father.

In the case of North Germans who reside at least five years uninterruptedly in a foreign nation and acquire citizenship therein, the ten-year period may be reduced to five years by treaty, regardless of whether the interested party possesses a passport or certificate of nativity or not.

North Germans who have lost their citizenship by a ten years' residence abroad and have acquired no other citizenship may recover their citizenship in their former native State even without settling there.

North Germans who have lost their citizenship by a ten years' residence abroad and then return to the territory of the North German Confederation, acquire citizenship in that State of the Confederation in which they settle by means of a certificate of admission issued by the higher administrative authority. This certificate must be issued to them on their request.

$ 22.

If a North German enters the service of a foreign state without the permission of his Government, the central authority of his native State may by resolution declare him to have forfeited his citizenship, provided he fails to obey an express summons to leave such service within the period expressed therein.

§ 23.

If a North German serves a foreign power with the permission of his Government, he retains his citizenship.

§ 24.

The issue of certificates of admission and of certificates of discharge in the cases contemplated in § 15, subdivision 1, shall be free of charge.

For the issue of discharge certificates in other cases than those indicated in § 15, subdivision 1, the amount of stamp taxes and issuance fees shall not exceed one dollar.

$ 25.

With regard to the citizens of those States of the Confederation according to whose laws citizenship was lost by a residence abroad of ten years or longer, and who are residing abroad at the time this law is enacted, the period in question shall not be interrupted by this law.

With regard to the citizens of the remaining States of the Confederation the period mentioned in § 21 shall begin on the day this law goes into effect.

$ 26.

All provisions contrary to this law are hereby repealed.

$ 27.

This law shall go into force on January 1, 1871.

In witness whereof we have hereunto set our own signature and affixed the seal of the Confederation.

Given at Babelsberg Castle, June 1, 1870. [L. S.]

WILLIAM.

COUNT VON BISMARCK-SCHÖNHAUSEN.

[Enclosure.-Translation.]

(No. 2322.) LAWS OF AUGUST 18, 1896, FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF THE CIVIL CODE.

*

ARTICLE 41.

The law on the acquisition and loss of citizenship in the Confederation and the States, of June 1, 1870 (Federal Law Bulletin, p. 355), is hereby modified as follows:

I. The following provisions are substituted for § 11:

"A grant of citizenship shall, unless exception is made, extend at the same time to the wife and to the minor children who are legally represented, by virtue of parental authority, by the person admitted or naturalized. Daughters who are or have been married are excepted."

II. The following provisions shall be inserted as § 14a:

66

The release of a citizen who is under parental authority or guardianship can be demanded by the legal representative only with the approval of the guardianship court.

'The approval of the guardianship court is not necessary if the father or the mother demand the release for themselves and at the same time for a child by virtue of parental authority. If the sphere of action of a counsel appointed for the mother extends to the care of the person of the child, the mother shall in such case require the approval of the counsel in demanding the release of the child."

III. The following provisions take the place of § 19:

"The release shall, unless an exception is made, extend at the same time to the wife and to those children who are legally represented by the person released by virtue of parental authority.

"This provision shall not apply to daughters who are or have been married, nor to children who are under the parental authority of the mother. in case the mother requires the approval of the counsel according to § 14, par. 2, second sentence, in order to demand the release of the children."

IV. The following provisions are substituted in lieu of § 21, par. 2:

"Loss of citizenship incurred according to this provision extends at the same time to the wife and to those children who are legally represented by the person losing his citizenship by virtue of parental authority. Daughters who are or have been married are excepted."

*

[Enclosure. Translation.]

CONSTITUTION.

*

ARTICLE 3.

There exists for all Germany a common right of nativity, the effect of which is that a citizen or subject of any State of the Confederation shall be treated as a native in all other States of the Confederation and shall therefore be permitted to establish his permenent residence there, carry on industriy, hold public office, acquire real estate, acquire the rights of citizenship, and enjoy all other civil rights on the same conditions as the native-born inhabitants, being treated on an equal footing with them also in matters relating to judicial prosecution and the protection of the law.

No German shall be restricted in the exercise of this right by the authorities of his native State or by those of any other State of the Confederation.

The provisions regarding the maintenance of paupers and admission into local pauper unions are not affected by the principle set forth in the first paragraph.

The treaties existing among the several States of the Confederation with regard to the taking over of exiles, the care of sick, and the burial of deceased citizens shall also remain in force until further modified.

With regard to the fulfillment of the military obligations toward the native State the necessary provisions shall be established in the laws of the Empire. All Germans are equally entitled to the protection of the Empire as against foreign countries.

(NO. 1095.) LAW OF DECEMBER 20, 1875, ON THE NATURALIZATION OF FOREIGNERS

EMPLOYED IN THE SERVICE OF THE EMPIRE.

We, William, by God's grace German Emperor, King of Prussia, etc., hereby decree the following in the name of the German Empire, with the consent of the Bundesrath and the Reichstag:

Foreigners who are employed in the service of the Empire, draw a salary from the imperial treasury, and have their official residences abroad shall not

be refused a certificate of naturalization by the State of the Confederation in which they request the grant of citizenship.

In witness whereof we have hereunto set our own signature and affixed the imperial seal.

Given at Berlin, December 20, 1875.

[L. S.]

[Enclosure.-Translation.]

WILLIAM.

PRINCE VON BISMARCK.

LAW ON THE PROTECTORATES, AS PROMULGATED SEPTEMBER 10, 1900.

§ 9.

Foreigners who settle in the protectorates, as well as natives, may be naturalized by the imperial chancellor as citizens of the Empire. The imperial chancellor is empowered to delegate this authority to other imperial officials.

With regard to naturalization and the rights of citizenship in the Empire consequent thereon, the provisions of the law on the acquisition and loss of citizenship in the Confederation and the States thereof of June 1, 1870 (Federal Law Bulletin, p. 355; Imperial Law Bulletin, 1896. p. 615), as well as art. 3 of the imperial constitution and § 4 of the law on election to the German Reichstag of May 31, 1869 (Federal Law Bulletin, p. 145), are applicable according to circumstances.

Within the meaning of § 21 of the law mentioned, and in the application of the law doing away with double taxation of May 13, 1870 (Federal Law Bulletin, p. 119), the protectorates are considered as part of Germany.

[Enclosure in despatch from Mr. Reid, ambassador to Great Britain, No. 240, August 15, 1906.]

AN ACT TO AMEND THE LAW RELATING TO THE LEGAL CONDITION OF ALIENS AND BRITISH SUBJECTS.

[12TH MAY, 1870.]

Whereas it is expedient to amend the law relating to the legal conditions of aliens and British subjects:

Be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. This act may be cited for all purposes as "The naturalization act, 1870."

STATUS OF ALIENS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.

2. Real and personal property of every description may be taken, acquired, held, and disposed of by an alien in the same manner in all respects as by a natural-born British subject, and a title to real and personal property of every description may be derived through, from, or in succession to an alien, in the same manner in all respects as through, from, or in succession to a natural-born British subject: Provided

(1) That this section shall not confer any right on an alien to hold real property situate out of the United Kingdom, and shall