cago. In the part of the river between Moline and Davenport is an island from which to the shore have been built dams to secure waterpower. Moline has good water-power which is utilized in developing the manufacturing industries. The extensive coal fields in the near vicinity contribute to the industrial development of the city. The chief manufactures are wagons, carriages, automobiles, tractors, furniture, agricultural machinery, steel, foundry and machine-shop products, steam engines, saw- and planing-mill products, pumps, paper, flour and dairy products. Some of the prominent buildings are a library building, which cost (1903) $50,000, a city hospital, several fine church and school buildings. The city library was founded in 1892 and contains over 16,000 volumes. There is a good library connected with the high school. The city owns and operates the waterworks. Pop. 24,199.

MOLINO DEL REY, mō-lē'nō děl rā, Battle of, in the Mexican War (q.v.). Having captured Vera Cruz (q.v.) in March, Gen. Winfield Scott (q.v.) continued on toward his objective point Mexico City-and on the way fought and defeated the Mexicans in the battles of Cerro Gordo, Contreras and Churubusco (qq.v.). In order not to hinder the peace negotiations then under way, Scott, on 24 Aug. 1847, arranged an armistice with the Mexican general, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (q.v.) but Scott soon learned that, in spite of his pledge to the contrary, Santa Anna was strengthening his fortifications, casting cannon from old church bells, and in other ways preparing for a resumption of hostilities. On 6 September Scott ordered such activities to cease on pain of suspending the armistice and proceeding with his attacks. The next day Santa Anna replied accepting the latter alternative whereupon, on the night of the 7th, Scott drew up his troops preparatory to storming the Mexican works. Scott's troops were divided as follows: those under Gen. John A. Quitman (q.v.) at San Augustin; those under Gen. David E. Twiggs (q.v.) at San Angel; those under Gen. Gideon J. Pillow (q.v.) at Mexico, and those under Gen. William J. Worth (q.v) at Tacubaya, where Scott himself had his headquarters. A mile or so away was a cluster of stone buildings known as El Molino del Rey, which had been used a foundry and which formed the west end of an enclosure surrounding the hill and castle of Chapultepec. A short distance west of Molino was La Casa Mata, a strong stone building defended by an earthwork, between the two lying Mexican batteries and infantry; west of Casa Mata was the Hacienda de los Morales, where another body of Mexicans was lodged. At about 4 o'clock on the morning of 8 September Worth's division began the assault on the Mexican centre and left. The artillery thundered against the walls of Molino del Rey and the advanced batteries which, despite a desperate rally of the Mexicans, were captured; and the Mexicans on the left were driven from their position under the protecting guns of Chapultepec. The Casa Mata proved to be a stumbling block, since being surrounded with bastioned intrenchments and deep ditches, it afforded excellent protection against an assaulting column. The first American assault was repulsed, but after the

Molino had been captured, all the American guns were brought to bear on Casa Mata. As the garrison was cut off from all support and exposed to a most destructive fire, the place was evacuated; two attempts were made to recover the lost position but nothing could face the terrific artillery fire of the Americans, so that by 9 o'clock in the morning the battle was over. The Casa Mata was then blown up and the troops were marched to Tacubaya to prepare for the final assault on Chapultepec (q.v.). The Americans engaged numbered less than 3,500 of whom 787 were killed or wounded; the Mexicans numbered at least 10,000 and lost 3,000 dead, wounded and prisoners, among the dead being two generals. Consult Ladd, H. O., The Mexican War' (pp. 24448); Scott's Memoirs (Vol. II); Wright, M. J., Life of Scott' (pp. 218-22); Wilcox, C. M., 'History of the Mexican War'; Wiley and Rines, The United States' (Vol. VII, pp. 242-45).

MOLINOS, Miguel de, mē-gěl' dā mō-lē'nos, Spanish mystic, founder of the Quietists: b. near Saragossa, 21 Dec. 1640; d. Rome, 29 Dec. 1696. He studied at Pamplona and Coimbra, took holy orders, went to Rome in 1669, and there published in 1675 his 'Guida spirituale,' which urged the immediate presence of God and pure love toward God as the only way to salvation and peace, which cannot be attained until the soul is free from all that is material. His opponents, notably the Jesuits, held that this meant the indifference of the individual to the external world. In 1685 he was summoned before the Inquisition; two years later was found guilty of spreading dangerous doctrines. He publicly recanted all his teachings and was imprisoned until his death. Even Pope Innocent XI, a friend of Molinos, was examined by the Inquisition - but not as Pope, merely as Odescalchi, an individual. The 'Spiritual Guide) has been translated into the languages of Europe. See QUIETISM. Consult Bigelow, Molinos the Quietist) (New York 1882).

MOLLAH, mŏl'ą, or MULLAH, mŭľą, a Turkish title, originally meaning simply "lord," or "sir," in its narrower usage a judicial rank. In Turkey there are three classes of mollahs, with jurisdiction over divisions of various importance; those in control of small towns constitute the lowest grade; they, like the second grade, hold office only for a month at a time; the first grade is made up of those having legal authority over pashaliks. The mollah ranks below the kahiaskar and mufti, but is superior to the cadi. He is versed in both ecclesiastical and civil lore. Hence and because of its original meaning, the word is often used more loosely of Mohammedan dignitaries or scholars in Africa. See MAD MULLAH.

MOLLAT, mōl'lät, Guillaume Marie Charles Henri, French clergyman and historian: b. Nantes, France, 1 Feb. 1877. He reIceived his education at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Seminary of S. Sulpice, Paris, the French Seminary, Gregorian University and Vatican Palæographic School, Rome. In 1900 he was ordained to the Catholic priesthood: was chaplain of the church of Saint Louis of the French, Rome, 1902-05, chaplain of the

of the shell like a door when the animal is retracted. On the other hand the shell is frequently greatly reduced and may become internal, as in the slugs and squid; or it may be entirely absent in the adult, as in the so-called naked mollusks (nudibranchs) although it is formed in the young and later lost.

Foot. The foot, which projects from the mid-ventral surface of the body, shows great modifications, but is rarely lacking. Usually it forms a broad creeping disc on which the animal glides about, but in the Scaphopoda, as in most Pelecypoda, it is flattened from side to side and forms an efficient digging organ. In the cephalopods it becomes developed in part into the tube (siphon) connecting the mantlecavity with the exterior; in part into the tentacles surrounding the head.

Digestive Organs.- The alimentary canal is typically a straight tube, but in most forms it becomes convoluted to increase the amount of digestive surface, while not infrequently it is so flexed on itself that mouth and vent, instead of being at opposite ends of the body, are in close proximity to each other. In all except the Pelecypoda the region of the mouth contains a peculiar structure, variously known as the lingual ribbon, radula or odontophore. This consists of a strong band, having upon its upper surface numbers of rows of hard horny teeth - in fact, a flexible file; and of muscles adapted to draw it back and forth over any object to which the mouth may be applied. In this way. the snails rasp away vegetation, or, as in the case of shells of other mollusks, are perforated in order that the soft parts may be reached and devoured. In the cone-shells a poison-gland is connected with the lingual ribbon. Wear at one end of the ribbon is made good by constant growth at the other end. Behind the gullet is a large sacular stomach, and closely connected with it are the ducts of the voluminous liver. The intestine is long, without enlargements, and in many acephala is remarkable for passing through the heart.

Circulation. The heart lies dorsal to the digestive tract enclosed in a special sac, the pericardium, which is to be regarded as the sole representative of the true body-cavity or cœlom. (See EMBRYOLOGY). In the heart two parts are always to be distinguished, a muscular ventricle which forces the blood through the arteries to all parts of the body, and one or two auricles which receive the blood as it comes from the gills and force it into the ventricle. As will be seen, the heart thus receives only oxidized or arterial blood. With the loss of the gill of one side the corresponding auricle disappears. When four gills are present as in the nautilus, there are four auricles. In the cephalopods branchial hearts, which force the blood through the gills, occur. At one time it was thought that some of the blood-vessels opened to the exterior, but this has been shown to be a mistake. The blood is usually yellowish or colorless, but occasionally is red, the color being due to the plasma and not to the contained corpuscles which resemble the leucocytes of the blood of man.

Gills. As was mentioned above, there may be two kinds of gills, the ctenidia and the secondary or adaptive gills, the latter occurring only in the gasteropoda. The ctenidia, which always occur in the angle between mantle and

body-wall, consist, typically, of a series of filaments with blood-vessels in the interior, the filaments and the ridge from which they spring resembling somewhat the teeth and back of a comb, whence the name (Greek Krevoç comb). The ctenidia are typically paired, but in the nautilus there are two pairs, while in many gasteropods one ctenidium (that of the left side) is lost. The adaptive gills occur on various parts of the body, usually upon the back. In most land snails (Pulmonata) the gills entirely disappear and an air-breathing organ, the lung, is developed on the walls of the mantle cavity, the opening to it being usually on the right side of the body.

Nerves. The nervous system was described above. It is only necessary to say that the ganglia may coalesce into a smaller number. There are usually present three pairs of sense organs, a pair of eyes connected with the cerebrum, a pair of so-called ears (really organs, of equilibration) connected with the pedal ganglia, and a pair of organs of smell (osphradia) with the visceral ganglia. Of these the eyes are the least constant. In some cases they are replaced by numerous other eyes developed upon the back or upon the edges of the mantle.

Viscera.-The excretory organs are true nephridia, that is, coiled tubes opening at one end into the cœlom (pericardium), and at the other to the external world. They are also known as the organs of Bojanus. The reproductive organs are large. Usually the sexes are separate, but some, like the land-snails, are hermaphroditic. In no case is an asexual reproduction (fission, budding, etc.) known. A few bring forth living young, In many species a metamorphosis occurs during the development. In these a peculiar larva, known as the veliger, hatches from the egg, a larva which develops from a "trochosphere" form like that of the annelids, a resemblance which points to a relationship between the two groups. The veliger receives its name from the "velum," a circle of cilia upon the dorsal side of the head above and in front of the mouth, by means of which the larva swims.

Classification.- The mollusks are divided into five classes, Amphineura, Pelecypoda or Acephala, Scaphopoda, Gastropoda and Cephalopoda.

Amphineura. This, the most primitive group of mollusks, contains the chitons (Placophora) and the Solenogastres, in both of which the body is markedly bilaterally symmetrical, while the nervous system is of a very low type. The chitons (q.v.) are flattened and covered with eight transverse plates of shell. The Solenogastres are worm-like shell-less forms of the deeper seas.

Pelecypoda or Acephala.-These are the mollusks which have the shell in two parts or "valves," no head, and the filaments of the gills more or less completely united into a couple of leaves (lamella) on either side of the body. See BIVALVES.

Scaphopoda.- This class includes a few marine forms of small size known as tooth-shells, from having shells shaped somewhat like an elephant's tusk, and open at both ends. See DEN

TALIUM.

Gastropoda.- In these, the so-called snails, the foot is usually a broad creeping disc and the head is well developed. See GASTROPODA.