'Custom and Myth) (London 1884); The Making of Religion' (1898); Maunhardt, W., 'Antike Wald und Feld-Kulte' (Berlin 1887); Müller, Max, 'Lectures on the Sciences of Languages) (London 1871); Contributions to the Science of Mythology) (London 1897); Renouf, P. L., Religion of Ancient Egypt' (London 1880); Röscher, W., Lexikon der Griechische Mytologie und Religion) (Munich 1906); Rydberg, V., Teutonic Mythology' (London 1889); Spencer, H., 'Principles of Psychology) (New York 1900); Squire, C., 'Mythology of the British Isles' (London 1907); Tylor, E. B., 'Primitive Culture' (London 1873); Van Gennep, La Formation des Legendes (Paris 1910); Wundt, W., 'Mythus und Religion' (Leipzig 1908).

JOHN HUBERT CORNYN, Birmingham Southern College. MYTHOLOGY, American. See AMERICAN MYTHOLOGY.

MYTHS. See MYTHOLOGY.
MYTILENE.

See MITYLENE.

MYXEDEMA, a peculiar state of the nerve tissues of the body causing many nutritive changes in the body. Its cause is a loss of function of the thyroid gland (q.v.) and a resulting diminution in the supply of its secretion to the blood. It is strictly a fibrosis of the thyroid. The disease was first described by Sir William Gull of London in 1873. A similar condition results from removal of the gland by operation. Women are the principal sufferers, furnishing 80 per cent of the cases. Myxedema is found in cold climates, and probably most frequently in Europe; in certain districts for instance in Switzerland, France and Italy, it appears to be endemic. It is believed that certain mineral constituents in the water in these regions is the cause of the endemic cretinoid degeneration, as the water was brought from a distance to a certain goitrous region in Rupperwill and the disease disappeared. The onset of the disease is gradual, and the symptoms are loss of activity, sensitiveness to cold, falling of the hair, decay of teeth and nails, rough, dry skin, spongy gums, diminution of perspiration, yellow tint and swelling of the face, paleness of the mucous membrane, subnormal temperature, constipation, albuminuria, impairment of sight and hearing, headache, slow intellection, hallucinations and,

in some cases, a hypothyroid psychosis. A most striking symptom is the oedema, which develops principally in the loose subcutaneous tissues, appearing like a considerable swelling. The face, the back of the hands and the upper limbs first present enlargement; but in time it involves the whole body. The thickening and enlargement of the face renders the patient unrecognizable.

What has been called infantile myxedema by some writers is characterized by a failure of the child to develop bone in the normal manner, the result being a fat dwarfish individual. The dentition is imperfect and the anterior fontanelle does not close for many years.

Treatment consists in the administration of thyroid gland and of tonics. Grafting of a partial or entire thyroid gland taken from an animal into the subcutaneous tissue has not been very successful. Internally a glycerine extract of sheep's thyroid is given, or a dry extract, or an emulsion may be made and used hypodermically. This treatment was first suggested by Murray, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in 1891. The remedy must be used cautiously, especially if cardiac or vascular disease exists. Thyroid may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, profuse perspiration, headache, glandular swellings and prostration. The dose should be graduated so as to avoid these symptoms of poisoning. After many months of treatment the disease disappears. The dose should then be diminished, but the patient must continue to take thyroid all her life, lest the myxedema return. (See CRETINISM; THYROID GLAND). Consult Gull, 'On a Cretinoid State Supervening in Adult Life in Women' (in Clinical Society's (Transactions,' London 1874); Gimlette, 'Myxedema and the Thyroid Glands' (London 1895); Jelliffe and White, 'Diseases of the Nervous System' (3d ed., 1919, 'Endocimopathies').

MYXOSPORIDIA, or fish psorosperms, are Protozoa belonging to the class Sporozoa. They are characteristic fish parasites, occurring on the gills, in the skin and muscles, and free in swimming bladder, gall bladder and urinary bladder. Serious epidemics and common diseases among fishes are due to their excessive multiplication under favorable circumstances. The spores which are produced in large numbers in the protoplasm of their bodies contain 1, 2 or 4 polar capsules with a coiled thread like the nematocysts of the hydra.

N

the 14th letter of the English and several other alphabets is classed as a dental-nasal consonant; it is pronounced when a voiced sound is emitted through the nose while the tip of the tongue is in contact either with the front upper teeth or with the front of the palate; the position of the tongue, whether touching the teeth or the palate, distinguishes the n of one language from that of another; the n of English speech is produced by placing the point of the tongue against the palate just behind the gums. When n is followed by a gutteral either the n and the gutteral form one nasal sound, as in ring, or the n becomes distinctly gutteral and the gutteral retains its own sound-value, as in rink; but when the n and the gutteral belong to different syllables, as in the words engage, include, concave, unkind, the n usually retains its pure sound; yet the rule has many exceptions recognized by orthoepists, who while they regard the n of syncarpy, syncretist, as pure, mark the n of syncope and many other words as nasal, equal to ng. In words ending with n preceded immediately by 1 or m, the n is silent: kiln, hymn; in the beginning of a word a consonant preceding n is silent: know, gneiss, mnemonic, pneumatic. In many words is seen an intrusive n, as in passenger, messenger, though the words from which these are formed, passage, message, have no n. The initial n of newt, nickname, and a few other words is the n of the indefinite article which became inseparably attached to ewt, ekename, etc.; conversely, by dropping the initial n in the forms nadder, nauger, napron became adder, auger, apron. The alphabetical character n has remained almost unaltered in shape from Phoenician to English. See ALPHABET; PHONETICS.

N-RAYS, a supposed form of new radiation discovered by M. Blondlot, while experimenting upon the polarization of the X-rays. The rays were said to be invisible, but could be deflected, and by means of appropriate screens could be seen, and were marked out in great detail by Blondlot and his followers. These rays were declared to be susceptible to the attraction of gravitation; and were decided to lie in wave-length between the shortest electromagnetic rays and the longest of Rubens rays. Many interesting discoveries were supposed to be made concerning the N-rays; they were detected as issuing from various objects in a state of tension or torsion, such as a cane forcibly bent; a stick of crystallized sulphur; compressed rubber; ice at zero; or a piece of tempered steel: the rays disappeared when the temper was drawn. An eminent French physiologist asserted that he had seen these rays issuing from muscles, when active, and from nerves after death. One curious thing about

the supposed rays was that, while some of the observers could see them clearly, others were quite unable to see them, nor could their instruments detect their operation. Blondlot and his disciples asserted that this was due to the fact that those who were unable to see the rays possessed defective vision, and that, while the rays really existed, only those peculiarly endowed could perceive them. Two other forms of these rays were announced, the N1rays and the N-rays. These rays were believed in for several months by an increasing number of eminent scientists, though doubt as to their existence had begun to be aroused, when experimenter after experimenter failed to detect them. Finally, after a prolonged series of experiments the conclusion reached that these rays were subjective in character and had no real existence. A summary of the very voluminous literature published on the subject may be found in the Journal of the Franklin Institute (Vol. CLXIV, Philadelphia 1907).

was

NABAL, in Biblical history (1 Samuel xxv), the name of an Israelite of the tribe of Judah. David, having afforded protection to Nabal and saved his flocks and herds, his property and even his life when in danger, some time after sent to him to supply his troops with provisions. This Nabal refused; on which David, stung with the ingratitude of the man, vowed to take summary justice on the ungrateful Jew and exterminate his family; and taking with him 400 men set out for the residence of the mercenary Hebrew. Abigail, Nabal's wife, hearing of her husband's conduct and David's resolve, collected such provisions as the army required, and, attended by a train of servants, set out to meet the approaching king. Her beautiful person, combined with the excuses she made for her husband's conduct, so softened the heart of David that he accepted her gifts, averted his wrath, and Nabal having been "smitten by the Lord" a few days after, David married his widow.

NABATEANS, a Semitic race of people whose kingdom extended from Damascus on the north to Al-Hajr (Hegra) on the south. They were in possession of the country as early as 312 B.C. for Antigonus and afterward his son Demetrius tried in vain to conquer them. Judas and Jonathan had relations with them at the time of the Maccabean struggles (1 Macc. v, 25; ix, 35). The Edomites were forced up into southern Judah by them. They are chiefly known by inscriptions, written in Aramaic, which seems to establish the fact that they were either of Aramaic origin directly, or of Arabaic_extraction later influenced by the Aramaic. These inscriptions give information concerning the rulers, but since they are mostly

funerary, they furnish no other historical data. Their commerce was very important, as their capital Petra (q.v.) was on the route from Egypt to central Arabia. A temple to their native deity was found at Puteoli, an Italian port which indicates the presence of a Nabatæan colony there and points to the extent of their vast trade. A coinage of the country dating from the 2d century B.C. bears the names of the rulers. These, with their approximate dates, are Malchus I (145 B.C.); Obodas I (97-85 B.C.); Aretas III (85-62 B.C.); Obodas II; Aretas IV (2-50 A.D.); Malchus II (50-70 A.D.); Rabel (70-95 A.D.). There are also coins of Alexander Jannæus, Hasmonean king of Judea, who captured some of the trans-Jordanic cities and struck coins in them. The Nabatæans were very powerful in the 1st century B.C., but lost Hauran and Peræa to Herod, retaining fortresses on the edge of the desert. Under Augustus the country became a Roman dependency and lost its warlike nomadic character. Some later inscriptions have been found which are in Arabic, but the word Nabatæan is generally used as synonymous with Aramæan. (For their alphabet see plate under ALPHABET). Their national temple was at Al-Hijr, and the chief gods seem to have been Dusares, Manat, Kais, Allat and Hobal. Consult Cooke, G. A., North Semitic Inscriptions' (pp. 214-262, 1903); Head, 'Historia Nummorum (pp. 685686, 1887); Vincent, F. H., 'Les Nabatéens' (in Revue Biblique, pp. 567-588, 1898); Mommsen, Provinces of the Roman Empire' (pp. 160-171, 1887); Schürer, 'History of the Jewish People (Vol. I, Eng. trans., New York 1896).

NABOB, or NABAB, the title applied to the administrator of a province ruled by the viceroy. The name was also given to unofficial wealthy natives as a term of derision.

NABOB, The, a novel by Alphonse Daudet, published in 1877. This is one of the most highly finished of the author's works. It is a romance of manners and observation.

NABONASSAR, năb-ō-năs'ar, Era of. See

BABYLONIA; NEBUCHADNEZZAR.

NABONIDUS, nab-õ-ni'dŭs, or NABONADIUS (Babyl. Nebûna'id), last king of Babylon (555-538 B.C.). He was elevated to the throne by his fellow-conspirators in the murder of Prince Labossoracus (or Laborosoachard). Soon after his accession he concluded with Lydia and Egypt an offensive and defensive alliance against the Persians under Cyrus. He then greatly strengthened the defenses of his capital. It was not, however, until 539 B.C. that Cyrus, who had already defeated the impetuous Croesus, marched upon Babylon. Nabonidus followed the traditional Oriental strategy in opposing his foe. He fought a battle within sight of Babylon, was utterly defeated, and then, while most of his army found safety within the great walls, he himself with a small force entered Borsippa, an important town southwest of Babylon; possibly hoping by this movement to force Cyrus to divide the Persian host. His stepson, Belshazzar (Bil-shar-uzur), familiar through the scriptural narrative in Daniel, and apparently cosovereign. conducted the defense of Babylon. After the fall of the capital, Nabonidus surrendered, was kindly

treated by Cyrus, and even made governor of the province of Carmania. Some of his inscriptions show that he was a personage of historical interest. See BELSHAZZAR; CYRUS.

NABOPOLASSAR, nă'bō-pō-läs'sar, Babylonian king, founder of the New Babylonian empire. He was a Chaldæan, not of the kingly line, and erected an independent kingdom in Chaldæa in the second quarter of the 7th century B.C., thence extending his power to Babylon about 626. With his ally, Cyaxares of Media, he conquered Nineveh about 606, which brought about the destruction of the Assyrian Empire. The Chaldæan Empire became under him the greatest power in the Euphrates Valley. He died about 605 B.C., leaving the empire to Nebuchadnezzar, his son. Nabopolassar improved the irrigation of the country round Babylon and did much to beautify the city. Consult Rogers, History of Babylonia and Assyria' (1900); and likewise the histories of Hommel, F. (Berlin 1885); Winckler, H. (Leipzig 1892); Sayce, A. H. (London 1900); Johns, C. H. (ib. 1911).

NABOTH, an Israelite, owner of a plot of ground in Jezreel, during the reign of Ahab, king of Israel, about 897 B.C. This plot lay on the eastern slope of the hill of Gilboa and in addition to this he owned a vineyard. The palace of Ahab immediately adjoined this vineyard, which became an object of the king's desire and he offered to purchase it or give another in exchange for it. When Naboth refused to part with the "inheritance of his fathers," Ahab was bitterly disappointed, but his wife sent a warrant in Ahab's name, sealed it with his signet and caused Naboth to be apprehended, brought to Samaria, tried for blasphemy and treason on the testimony of two suborned witnesses and stoned to death with his sons. Their mangled remains were devoured by the dogs and swine and the blood from their wounds ran down into the large tank or reservoir which still is seen on the slope of Samaria. This crime brought down the curse of Elijah upon the guilty couple (2 Kings ix, 2-26), which was fulfilled soon after in the fate of both. See AHAB, JEZEBEL.

NABU. See NEBO.

NABUA, nä'bwä, Philippines, a pueblo of the province of Ambos Camarines, island of Luzon, situated in the southern part of the province, on the Buhi River, 20 miles southeast of Nueva Cáceres. It is in a marshy region where rice is grown, and is connected with the neighboring towns by a good road. It is a military and telegraph station. Pop. about 19,000.

NABULUS, nä-boo-loos', or NABLUS, näb-loos', Palestine, the ancient Schechem, and one of the chief cities of Samaria, 30 miles north of Jerusalem, on the highest part of the fertile and fruitful pass between Mounts Ebal and Gerizim, leading from the Mediterranean to the Jordan. It is a busy trading and industrial centre, the seat of a governor, the see of a Greek bishop, and is visited by great numbers of pilgrims attracted by the tombs of Joshua and Joseph, Jacob's Well and the Tree of the Sanctuary, three miles south on the road to Jerusalem. As a Canaanite city it was destroyed by Abimelech, a son of Gideon the

judge. Rehoboam was crowned king of Israel here, and during the Greek occupation Justin Martyr was born here. It figured conspicuously during the Crusades. It was the religious centre of the Samaritans (q.v.), whose descendants inhabit the southwest quarter of the town. Pop. about 20,000.

NACHTIGAL, näн'tē-gäl, Gustav, German explorer in Africa: b. Stendal, 23 Feb. 1834; d. at sea near Cape Palmas, 19 April 1885. He studied medicine; became a military surgeon; in 1861 went to Algiers; in 1863 became surgeon to the army of the Bey of Tunis; and in 1868 was sent with presents from the king of Prussia to Sultan Omar of Bornu in recognition of kindness shown to German explorers. His journey through Tibbu and Tibesti was over country hitherto untraversed by a European. He arrived at Kuka in 1870, thence explored Borku, Kanem and the country south of Bornu and on his way back to Cairo passed through Wadai. The years from 1875 to 1882 he spent in Germany arousing national interest in German colonization. He entered the consular service in 1882, becoming consul to Tunis, and in 1884 was German commissioner for the annexation of Togoland, Kamerun and Lüderitzland. He died on his way back to Europe. Nachtigal's work marked a distinct era in the exploration of northern Africa and even more notably in German colonial policy. He wrote 'Sahara und Sudan) (1879-89). His letters are collected in Berlin, Erinnerungen an Gustav Nachtigal' (1887). Consult also the life by Ruhle (1892).

NACIMIENTO MOUNTAINS. A prominent ridge in Sandoval County, N. Mex., lying between the headwater of Puerco and Jemez rivers. The length is about 40 miles and highest portions have an altitude of about 9,500 feet. To the north they merge into San Pedro Mountain. The rocks are uplifted granite with limestones, sandstones and volcanic tuffs on the flanks. Copper ore is mined on west slope at San Miguel and Senorito.

NACOGDOCHES, năk-o-do'chěz, Tex., city, county-seat of Nacogdoches County, on the Texas and New Orleans, the Houston and the East and West Texas railroads, about 120 miles north by west of Beaumont and 130 miles north by east of Houston. It is in a rich agricultural region, in which the chief products are cotton and tobacco. A government experiment station for testing the tobacco is located here. The industrial interests of the city, outside the government station, are connected chiefly with the preparation of cotton and tobacco and lumber for market. Nacogdoches was first settled by Spaniards in the early part of the 18th century; it was first a mission, the headquarters for the converted Indians of the surrounding region. It figured in the United States quarrel with Spain over the Spanish possessions in the Southwest. Magee and Gutierrez captured it in 1812 when it came into the possession of the United States. Pop. 3,369.

NACRE. See MOTHER OF Pearl.

NACRITE, a class of white unctuous minerals possessing a pearly shining lustre. They are usually found with mica slate and also occur native in granite and gneiss, crystallizing in four-sided prisms. The constituents are usually alumina 28.844, silica 64.440, with varying por

tions of lime and the protoxides of iron and manganese. Nacrite is found in various localities, notably near Brunswick, Me., and in some parts of Ireland.

NADAL, Ehrman Syme, American author: b. Lewisburg, W. Va., 13 Feb. 1843. He was graduated from Yale in 1864 and was a secretary of the United States legation at London, 1870-71 and 1877-84. He has published 'Impressions of London Social Life (1875); 'Essays at Home and Elsewhere) (1882); Zweibach or Notes of a Professional Exile) (1895). NADCHES INDIANS. See CREEKS.

NADEN, Constance Caroline Woodhill, English poet: b. Edghaston, Birmingham, 24 Jan. 1858; d. London, 22 Oct. 1889. She studied at the Mason College, Birmingham, in 1881-87; became interested in sociological problems and lectured with effect. She was an investigator of Spencer's system of philosophy and became the advocate of a doctrine, taught also by Dr. R. Lewins, called "Hylo-Idealism," an attempt to furnish a metaphysical system reconciled with the science of modern times. She is chiefly remembered for her volumes of 'Songs and Sonnets of Springtime' (1881) and 'A Modern Apostle and Other Poems' (1887). The poems were commended for their promise by Gladstone in a review in the Speaker.

NADIA, na'dē-ä, or NUDDEA, India, town and district of Bengal: (1) the town, capital of the district, on the Bhagirathi River, 54 miles north of Calcutta, is a place of sanctity, the seat of native Sanskrit schools and was the residence of the last independent Hindu king of Bengal in 1203. Pop. 14,105; (2) the district has an area of 2,982 square miles. The Ganges here known as the Padna skirts its northwestern boundary and from it branch the three "Nadia rivers," the Bhagirathi, Jalangi and Matabhanga, which irrigate the district and are valuable thoroughfares for communication and trade. Its capital is Krishnugger.

NADIR, in astronomy, that point of the heavens which is diametrically opposite to the zenith or point directly over our heads. The zenith and nadir are the two poles of the horizon; the zenith, nadir and centre of the earth are in one straight line.

NADIR SHAH, na'der shä, or TAMASP KULI KHAN, king of Persia: b. Khorasan, 1688; d. Fethabad, 19 June 1747. He was of Turkish blood and poor family; early showed his cunning by his attempts, while in the service of different governors of Khorasan, to get this province for himself, but was unsuccessful. Putting himself at the head of a band of robbers he got possession of several strongholds in Khorasan; and in 1726 entered the service of

Tamasp II, for whom he checked the Afghans

and defeated the Turks and from whom he received four provinces. When Tamasp was defeated at Hamadan by the Pasha of Bagdad and was forced to cede the provinces on the Arauxis to the Turks and to make a disgraceful peace, Nadir dethroned him, put his son Abbas III in his place and took the regency upon himself. The lost provinces were won back from the Turks and in 1736 upon the death of Abbas Nadir cane to the throne, invaded Afghanistan and conquered it, took most of India from

the grand mogul, Mohammed XIV, pillaged Delhi and was everywhere so successful that his empire reached from the Indus and Oxus to the Euphrates and Caspian. He made peace with the Turks in 1746, but was assassinated by the officers of his guard, who were weary of his brutal cruelty. Consult Maynard, Nadir Shah' (1885).

NAEGELE, na'gë-lë, Charles Frederick, American painter: b. Knoxville, Tenn., 8 May 1857; d. about 1912. He studied figure and portrait painting under C. Myles Collier, William Sartain and William M. Chase in New York. He has received many awards in competitive exhibitions and has painted portraits of Peter Cooper, Charles L. Tiffany, ex-Governor Roswell P. Flower, Gen. Joseph D. Bryant, Gen. Edwin A. McAlpin, John W. Gates and others. For his oil painting 'Divinity of Motherhood,' he won a gold medal at Boston.

NÆNIA, or NENIA (Latin), a funeral song among the ancients, sung generally by women. Nænia lamentation.

of the nævus and tied so as to produce strangulation of the vessels. Electropuncture and electrolysis have also been much used, but the best of all discovered means is the use of carbon dioxide snow, a cone of which is made and pressed upon the nævus for a quarter or half a minute. This causes a blister, which dries and come off, leaving no scar. In cases where a nævus is of limited extent and does not produce disfigurement or where from its situation it may not be seen at all in ordinary circumstances, the surgeon's advice generally is to let it alone. In subcutaneous nævus the lesion is more deeply seated. Subcutaneous nævus generally accompanies the more superficial form, but may bleed spontaneously and weaken the patient unless removed.

NAFA, nä'fä, NABA, or NAVA, Japan, the principal seaport town of the Liu-Kiu Islands, on Okinawa. It is on the west coast of the island, and carries on a considerable export trade in silk, cotton and sugar. Pop. about

NÆVIUS, në'vĭ-ŭs, Gneius, early Roman poet: b. probably in Campania between 274 and 264 B.C.; d. Utica, Africa, 204 B.C. or 202 B.C. He wrote in the old Saturnian verse an epic on the First Punic War; but was better known as a dramatic writer, particularly for his comedies. Most of his plays, of which the earliest was produced in 235 B.C., were translations or adaptations from the Greek. His attacks on the Metelli, of the Roman nobility, provoked their anger and he was banished from the city and retired to Utica. Fragments only of his works have come down to us. These have been edited by Klussmann, Vahlen and most recently by Ribbeck (Fragmenta Scænicorum Romanorum').

NÆVUS, a birth-mark, port-wine mark or mother's mark. This disfigurement, which occurs most frequently on the head and trunk, but may also appear on the extremities, is essentially an enlargement of the minute veins or venous capillaries, which are dilated and anastomose or unite among themselves to form a vascular patch generally of a deep-red color. The lesion is confined to the upper layer of the true skin. No pulsations are observable in the nævus, but if the circulation in the neighborhood is obstructed in any way, turgescence is seen and the color deepens. The familiar name of "mother's mark" or "longing mark," is applied to nævus from a former belief that the lesion was the result of fear, fright, unnatural longing or some such irritation acting upon the mother's constitution and communicating its effects to the unborn child, in the shape of this mark. Nævus, apart from questions as to its exact cause, appears to be invariably congenital in its nature. After birth it usually enlarges and after attaining a certain size may remain to constitute a permanent lesion or it may be absorbed with or without inflammatory action. The name birth-mark is in some cases a misnomer because the nævus may appear at different periods of life. Nævus has been treated in various ways, by excision with the knife, ligature, caustics, etc. The ligature has until recently been most commonly employed for its removal, threads being passed under the base

NÄFELS, nä'fels, Switzerland, parochial village in the Canton Glarus, junction of the Zürich-Glarus-Linthal and the Näfels-Weesen railways. Its industries are chiefly cotton spinning, printing and structural iron material, besides agriculture. It was here that, on the 9 April 1388, 400 Glarus natives defeated 6,000 Austrians, a feat still commemorated yearly. In 1799 Suwarov was defeated by the French under Molitor here in the Russian attempt to force a way into France. Its inhabitants numbered 2,818 in 1910. Consult Heer, G., Zur 500 jährigen gedächtnissfeier der Schlacht by Näfels (Glarus 1888).

NAFTIA, näf'te-ä, Lago, or LAGO DEI PALICI, Sicily, a historic lakelet of volcanic origin, in an ancient crater over 900 feet in circumference, near Palagonia, in Catania. Its nauseating naphtha-like emanations are fatal to birds and small animals; its waters thick and greenish, and in a frequent state of ebullition from the under-pressure of escaping carbonic acid gas. The lake was regarded with superstition by the ancients, and here the Siculi, the earliest known inhabitants, had a temple to two chthonic gods, the Palici of the Romans, which was the seat of the conspiracy and revolt against Rome 104 B.C. Consult Freeman, E. A., 'History of Sicily' (Vol. I, Oxford 1891).

NAGA, nä'ga, Philippines, (1) a pueblo of the province of Cebú, situated on the east coast, 12 miles southwest of the town of Cebú. It is a port of call for steamers and coasting craft going to Cebú by the southern passage, and is on the east coast road. Pop. 16,884. (2) The former name of Nueva Cáceres (q.v.).

NAGA, in Hindu mythology, the name given various deified serpents, which are represented as the sons of the Muni Kasyapa and his wife, Kadrii. Their king is Sesha, the sacred serpent of Vishnu.

NAGA, INAYA or BÍCOL RIVER, a river of southern Luzon, Philippines, rising in the mountains of the province of Albay, within four miles of the Pacific Coast and flowing northwest to Bató Lake, on the boundary be tween Albay and Ambos Camarines. Passing through the lake, it continues its northwest