decried as a public measure, no one can fail to admire the simplicity of a document which accomplishes, within the compass of two lines, a purpose which has been advocated by able partizans ever since the formation of the government. It is the concentrated essence of the doctrines of the original abolitionists and emancipationists.

Mr. Stewart, though before known as a moderate Republican, was an advocate of the impeachment of President Johnson, and worked and voted with the thirty-five senators who declared the President guilty as charged. He was never classed as one of those whose vote was in the least degree doubtful. He possessed the confidence of his associates, as is evidenced from the fact of his appointment upon the "Judiciary" and other important Congressional committees.

But whilst devoting so much time to national affairs, he has not neglected matters of moment to the people of this coast. The Pacific railroad has at all times received a large share of his attention, and he has contributed every thing in his power to the completion of an enterprise of so much importance to the people of this section of the Union. Other lines of railroad have also derived benefit from his efforts, for it is but recently that he has contributed a large share of his time towards the completion of a plan for a railroad through the San Joaquin Valley.

Every measure having for its object the development of the mining regions, lessening the hardship of the inhabitants, or contributing to their greater security and comfort, has met with his hearty support. The establishment of complete postal facilities, those great civilizers, has been an object of especial care. He was an early and earnest advocate of Chinese immigration.

In Congress, Mr. Stewart is looked upon as an able and efficient member. His speeches are marked more by force than fire: like his forensic efforts, they are almost entirely devoid of ornament, reaching conclusions less by artificial refinements of logic, than concise arrangement, and simple brevity of statement.

In personal appearance, Senator Stewart is rather a

striking looking personage: he is considerably over six feet in height, and rather stout, without being inclined to corpulency. He has light hair, a clear, blue eye, and a long, flowing beard. He is just approaching middle age, and in the full enjoyment of a vigorous manhood. Socially, Mr. Stewart is pleasant and affable, without being familiar; dresses plainly, without ostentation or show, holding himself aloof from no one, however humble his condition may be. He has implicit confidence in those by whom he is surrounded, and this trait has more than once been the cause of unfriendly impositions.

Taking success as a criterion of merit-a generally accepted rule-we can safely pronounce Senator Stewart a great man. The writer of this hasty sketch is aware of the fact that there is but a slight line of demarcation between the office of a truthful biographer and that of a mere servile adulator. Looking from the standpoint of justice, however, and free from political or personal bias, he has endeavored to do simple justice to a personage with whose public acts the people are already familiar.

HUGH P. GALLAGHER.

BY P. F. P.

RE

EV. HUGH P. GALLAGHER was born in the County Donegal, Ireland, in the year 1815. From his tender years he manifested a desire to devote his life and energies to the sacred ministry. He was distinguished for his assiduity and rapid advancement in English and classical learning. When quite young he left his paternal home with letters dimissory from his bishop, to seek a new and wider field in which to labor in the cause of religion. He landed in America in 1837, and immediately entered the Theological Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo, in Philadelphia. Philadelphia. Shortly afterwards, he was appointed Professor of the Latin and Greek languages in that Seminary.

Whilst prosecuting his ecclesiastical studies in that institution, he possessed advantages of which he did not fail to profit. At that time, Most Rev. F. P. Kenrick, the late Archbishop of Baltimore, whose literary fame is not limited by the boundaries of our Continent, but holds high place in every kingdom of Europe, was President of the Seminary. His brother, the Most Rev. Peter R. Kenrick, the present venerable and learned Archbishop of St. Louis, was Rector of the Seminary. Rt. Rev. E. Barron, afterwards Bishop of Liberia, in Africa, was Professor of Moral Theology, and Rt. Rev. M. O'Connor, the first Bishop of Pittsburg, Professor of Dogmatic Theology. These illustrious men, by their writings and missionary labors, have done much to place the Catholic Church, in the United States, in its present elevated and

dignified position. Under the instruction and influence. of such tutors, did our young Levite live and learn, during his whole collegiate career, until he was elevated to the priesthood in 1840.

From his date, Father Gallagher, as we shall now call him, entered upon the duties of a Catholic Pastor. He was appointed, for his first Mission, to the parish of Pottsville, at that time one of the largest and most important congregations in the interior of Pennsylvania. Here was a field wherein to exercise his zeal. This was the centre of the great coal district of Eastern Pennsylvania. Thousands and tens of thousands of operatives had gathered there from every quarter of the globe. Many of them were addicted to the frightful vice of intemperance, the prolific source of broils, fights, bloodshed and murder.

Father Gallagher's compassionate heart was moved by the misery and scandal produced by these excesses, and he resolved to use his utmost efforts to stem this tide of vice and immorality, which threatened to sweep over the land, bringing ruin and desolation in its course. With the skill and prudence of a more matured experience, he commenced a course of instructions on the vir tue of temperance. He spoke with such paternal affection and pleaded with such pathetic earnestness, that more than five thousand hardy miners came forward and pledged themselves to total abstinence from all intoxicating drinks. The improved condition and regularity of conduct of these teetotalers had a happy influence in winning over many of the votaries of inebriety to enlist under the temperance banner.

In the following year, Father Gallagher was appointed to govern a parish in western Pennsylvania. Here also his efforts in the cause of temperance were crowned with success. His labors were of the most trying character, as he was obliged to travel over a great extent of country to visit the different congregations entrusted to his pastoral charge. One of a less robust constitution would have succumbed under the incessant calls made on his time, both by day and night.

All Catholics, who are sick

and dying, have a right to the services of the priest at whatever hour he may be called. It was not an unfrequent occurrence with Father Gallagher, after being worn down and exhausted with the arduous labors of Sunday, celebrating the late Mass, preaching, teaching the catechism, singing vespers, instructing the young and ignorant, and in various other duties, to be called out in a pitiless storm, to visit a dying person some fifteen or twenty miles distant, and to make this journey not unfrequently on a trackless road over snow-clad hills.

In 1844. Father Gallagher was called by his ecclesiastical superior to Pittsburg, to take charge of the Theological Seminary. His duties here were of no ordinary kind, for he was not only the President of the Institution, charged with its management and discipline, but occupied different chairs of instruction, and at the same time had care of a large parish. About this time, a concerted opposition to the Catholic Church and to the rights of Catholics, citizens of the United States, was organized under the name of the Native American Party. The Churh, her institutions and her teachings, were maliciously misrepresented, and Catholics were held up to the scorn and contempt of their fellow-citizens throughout the land. The press and the pulpit were equally fierce and unjust in their attacks on Catholics. Pittsburg was without a newspaper to defend the rights of Catholics, or to give an honest and fair statement of the doctrines and discipline of the Church.

Under these circumstances, Father Gallagher was waited on by many prominent citizens, who earnestly solicited him to cooperate with them in establishing a paper devoted to the exposition of the real doctrines of the Catholic Church, and to its vindication from the multiplied slanders and calumnies of a misguided press. The financial part of the undertaking they promised to attend to, provided Father Gallagher would undertake the editorial department. Weighed down, as he was, by his numerous occupations, he might well have refused this new burden; but not so: the interests of the Church, of his fellow-Catholics, and the enlightenment of his fellow-cit