History. The name of this co. is by some derived from the Saxon bocking, a free or chartered land,' and ham, a residence;' by others, amongst whom is Camden, from bocce, a birch tree,'

bitants, so far as historical information goes, were the Cassi or Cattieuchlani. The Romans included it first in their province of Britannia superior, and subsequently in that of Flavia Cæsariensis. Some of the Roman roads crossed this county. It afterwards formed part of the kingdom of Mercia; and in still later times was included in the district called Dene-lege, or Danish jurisdiction.' In the reign of Charles I., B. was the first county to take up arms against the king; and a spirited address from this co. to parliament decided the measures of that body; for, as Lord Clarendon says, "from the date of its presentation we may family derive the title of Earl from this shire.

reasonably date the levying of war in England." The Hampden

Agriculture, Trade, &c.]-A large portion of this county is laid out in dairy and grazing-farms, which supply the London market with butter, oxen, lambs, or buccen, a star, both of which were, in ancient times, remarkcalves, hogs, and early ducklings. The vale of Ayles-ably abundant in the forests of Bucks. Its most ancient inhabury is noted for its sheep, whose wool is of a very superior description. The average size of farms is about 200 acres; few exceed 400 acres; and most farms are let on single year leases. The soil throughout the co. varies from chalky to rich loam, with occasional sandy and marly spots: there is not much waste land. The most extensive commons are those of Wickham, of about 1,500 acres; Iver, about 1,150; and Stoke, about 1,600: besides these there are Fulmer and Great Harwood heaths. Wood is plentiful, especially on the Chiltern-hills, and throughout the extensive district called Whaddon-chase. According to ancient historians Bucks was at one time almost all forest. The principal timber is beech. The cattle of this co. are not peculiar to it; the horses are black, and of the half-cart, half-coach breed; the cows are mostly of the short-horned breed. Fuller's earth, marble, chalk, and marl are the principal | mineral products. The leading manufactures are those of paper, thread-lace, veils, and straw-plait. Many of the women and children of the lower class are employed in lace-making: this branch of industry, however, is not now so prosperous as it was. Divisions, Towns, &c.]-This co. contains 206 parishes; and is divided into 8 hundreds, viz.: Póp. in 1831.

Hundreds.

Ashendon,

Aylesbury,

Buckingham,

Burnhain,

Area. 66,670

12,933

1841. 13,416

It comprises 6 boroughs, viz.: Buckingham, Aylesbury, Agmondesham, Chipping - Wycombe, Wendover, and Great Marlow; and the market-towns of Beaconsfield, Chesham, Ivinghoe, Newport-Pagnell, Olney, Prince's, Risborough, Fenny-Stratford, StonyStratford, Winslow, and Colne-Brook. The general quarter-sessions are held at Aylesbury. The co. is included in the Oxford circuit. The summer-assizes are held at Buckingham, and the winter-assizes at Aylesbury. The gaol is at Aylesbury. B. formerly returned 14 members to parliament; two being sent for each of the boroughs of Aylesbury, Amersham, Buckingham, Great Marlow, Wendover, and Wycombe, and two for the shire. To the latter an additional member was added by the Reform bill; but Amersham and Wendover were disfranchised, so that eleven members only are now returned. The number of electors in 1842-3 was 6,149. The polling-places are Aylesbury, Buckingham, NewportPagnell, and Beaconsfield."

Ecclesiastical affairs.]—This co. is in the province of Canterbury; and, with the exception of ten parishes, formed an archd. in the dio. of Lincoln. By order in council, dated 19th July, 1837, it has been transferred from the dio. of Lincoln to that of Oxford. There are about 200 parishes and chapelries in the co. The dissenting congregations in this

shire were 132 in number in 1828. The annual income of its public charities is about £12,000. In 1836 it possessed 386 daily schools, attended by 10,065 scholars; and 34 infant-schools, containing 769 children; forming a total of 10,834 young persons under daily instruction. There were also 294 Sunday schools, attended by 20,728 individuals.

BUCKINGHAM, a township of Wayne co., in the state of Pennsylvania, U. S., on the W bank of the Delaware. Pop. in 1840, 233.-Also a township of Bucks co., in the state of Pennsylvania, 104 m. NE of Harrisburg. Its soil consists of clay and gravelly loam. Pop. 2,482.-Also a county of Virginia, bordering on James and Appamattox_rivers, and comprising a superficies of 816 sq. m. Pop. in 1830, 18,351; and in 1840, 18,786, of whom 7,323 were whites, 10,014 slaves, and 449 free coloured.Also a township in the co. of Ottawa, in Lower Canada, on the river Ottawa, and watered by the Lievre. Pop. 266.

BUCKLAND, á parish of Berks, 7 m. ENE of Great Farringdon. Area 4,420 acres. Pop. in 1841, 946. Also a parish of Buckinghamshire, 3 m. WNW of Tring, near the Grand Junction canal and the London and Birmingham railway. Area 1,290 acres. Pop. in 1841, 537.-Also a parish of Gloucestershire, 5 m. WSW of Chipping Campden. Area 2,270 acres. Pop. in 1841, 377.-Also a parish of Hertfordshire, 23 m. SW of Barkway. Area 1,590 acres. Pop. in 1841, 435.-Also a parish of Kent, 3 m. WNW of Faversham. Arca 1,340 acres. Pop. in 1841, 19.-Also a parish of Surrey, 2 m. W of Reigate. Area 2,040 acres. Pop. in 1841, 364.

BUCKLAND, a township of Lower Canada, in the co. of Belle-chasse. It is hilly, and in some parts swampy; but the soil (except in the rear and to the SE, which are extremely rugged) is excellent, producing grain of all kinds, flax, hemp, &c., and abundance of timber, consisting chiefly of beech, birch, maple, ironwood, bass-wood, elm, cedar, spruce-fir, and black ash. The numerous streams-tributaries of the Etchenim-by which it is intersected, are bordered with fine meadow-land, and afford many eligible millseats. The manufacture of maple sugar forms an important branch of local industry. St. Roonae's Hill, in the NW of this township, forms the highest land in that direction between the St. Lawrence and St. John.-Also a township of Franklin co., in the state of Massachussetts, U. S., 104 m. NW of Boston, on the S side of Deerfield river. Pop. in 1840, 1,084.-Also a village of Prince William co., in the state of Virginia, 111 m. N of Richmond. It is finely situated on the Broad Run. Pop. about 200.

BUCKLAND-BREWER, a parish of Devon, 3 m. W of Great Torrington. Area 3,970 acres. Pop. in 1841, 1,103.

BUCKLAND CHAIN, a mountain range in British N America, running parallel to the coast of the Polar sea, in N lat. 69°, W long. 139° 30'.

BUCKLAND-DENHAM, a parish of Somerset, 2 m. NNW of Frome. Area 1,400 acres. Pop. in 1841, 516.

BUCKLAND-NEAR-DOVER, a parish of Kent, 2 m. NNW of Dover, on the post-road to Canterbury. Area 850 acres. Pop. in 1841, 1,472.

BUCKLAND (EAST), a parish of Devon, 5 m. NNW of South-Molton. Area 2,340 acres. Pop. in 1841. 167.

BUCKLAND-FILLEIGH, a parish of Devon, 7

m. NW of Hatherleigh. Area 4,550 acres. Pop. in 1841, 275.

BUCKLAND ST. MARY, a parish of Somerset, 6 m. SW of Ilminster. Area 3,120 acres. Pop. in 1841, 696.

BUCKLAND-MONACHORUM, a parish of Devon, 4 m. SE of Tavistock, intersected by the Dartmoor railway. Area 6,910 acres. Pop. in 1841, 1,411.

BUCKLAND-IN-THE-MOOR, a parish of Devon, 3 m. NW of Ashburton. Area 1,500 acres. Pop. in 1841, 114.

| township in Tuscarawas co., in Ohio. Pop. 1,547.— Also a township in St. Joseph's co., Michigan. Pop. 787.

BUCKSPORT, a township in Hancock co., in the state of Maine, U. S., 58 m. NE of Augusta, and 15 m. S of Bangor. It lies on the E side of the Penobscot river, and has a fine harbour, with depth of water for large vessels. The lumber-trade has been long and successfully carried on here. Pop. 3,015.

BUCKTON, a township in Bridlington p., in the E. R. of Yorkshire, 34 m. N of Bridlington. Area 1,840 acres. Pop. 182.-Also a township in Kyloe chapelry, in Durham. Pop. 183.-Also a township in Bucknell p., in Herefordshire. Pop., with Cox

BUCKLAND MOUNTAIN, a lofty summit of Tierra del Fuego, in the W arm of the island of Eastern Tierra del Fuego, or King Charles' Southall, 116. Land, on the shore of Gabriel channel, in S lat. 54° 30. W long. 70° 30'. It is a pyramidal mass of slate, rising to the height of 4,000 ft., and covered with perpetual snow.

BUCKLAND-NEWTON, a parish of Dorset, 10 m. N of Dorchester, intersected by the projected Bath and Weymouth railway. Area 6,770 acres. Pop. in 1841, 914. Pop. of tything of B. 310. BUCKLAND-RIPERS, a parish of Dorset, 3 m. NNW of Melcombe-Regis. Area 1,410 acres. Pop. in 1841, 118.

BUCKLAND-TOUT-SAINTS, a chapelry in the p. of Loddiswell, Devon, 24 m. NE of Kingsbridge. Area 1,000 acres. Pop. in 1841, 56.

BUCKLAND (WEST), a parish of Devon, 6 m. NW of South Molton. Area 2,290 acres. Pop. in 1841, 275.-Also a parish of Somerset, 24 m. W of Wellington, near the Bristol and Exeter railway. Area 3,500 acres. Pop. in 1841, 887.

BUCKLEBURG, a parish of Berks, m. ENE of Newbury. Area 6,970 acres. Pop. in 1841, 1,277. Pop. of tything of B. 1,065.

BUCKLESHAM, a parish of Suffolk, 53 m. ESE of Ipswich. Area 2,310 acres. Pop. in 1841, 255. BUCKLEY, or BULKELEY, a township in the prov. of Malpas, Cheshire, 9 m. WNW of Nantwich. Area 800 acres. Pop. in 1841, 190.

BUCKMINSTER, a parish in Leicestershire, 9 m. ENE of Melton-Mowbray, comprising the township of B., and the chapelry of Sewstern. Area 2,080 acres. Pop. of p. 697.

BUCKNALL, a parish in Lincolnshire, 6 m. W of Horncastle. Area 2,490 acres. Pop. 303.-Also a township in the chapelry of Bagnall, Staffordshire. Pop. 638.

BUCKNELL, a parish partly in Herefordshire, partly in Salop, 5 m. ENE of Knighton. Area 4,160 acres. Pop. 532.-Also a p. in Oxfordshire, 3 m. W by N of Bicester. Area 1,670 acres. Pop. 287. BUCKNER'S CREEK, a branch of the Colorado river, in Fayette co., Texas. The land upon it is rich and well-timbered.

BUCKOR. See BAKKUR.

BUCKOW, or NEU BUCKOW, a village of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, on the Baltic, NE of Wismar. Pop. 1,468.-Also a v. of Prussia, in Pomerania, in the gov. of Köslin, on a lake of the same name, to the W of Schlawe. Pop. 290.-Also a village of Prussia, in Brandenburg, in the gov. and 30 m. NW of Frankfort, on the Stobberow. Pop. 1,200.

BUCKRA, a town of Hindostan, in Bahar, in the district of Tirhut, 32 m. N of Patna.-Also a town in the prov. of Oude, 23 m. NW of Gorruckpur.

BUCKRANI, a village of Sinde, 7 m. S of Larkhana, in N lat. 27° 25', 11 m. from the 1. bank of the Indus. BUCKS. See BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. BUCKS, a county in the SE part of Pennsylvania, U. S., on the Delaware, and watered by the Neshaminy and Topickon creeks. Area 546 sq. m. The cap. is Doyleston. Pop. in 1840, 48,107.-Also a

BUCKWORTH, a parish in Huntingdonshire, 7 m. NW of Huntingdon. Area 2,290 acres. Pop. 160. BUCLAND, an islet of Norway, off the coast of N Bergenhuus, to the SW of Haltleöe.

BUCOVINE. See BUKOVINE.

BUCQUOY, a commune and town of France, in the dep. of Pas-de-Calais, cant. of Croisiller, 12 m. S of Arras. Pop. 1,561.

BUCSES, a romantic pass in the Carpathians, between Wallachia and Transylvania, on the road from Kronstadt and Hermanstadt, in what is called the Kalibaschen territory.

BUCTUSH, a harbour on the Miramichi coast of New Brunswick, at which a considerable amount of timber is shipped.

BUCY-LE-LONG, a commune and v. of France, in the dep. of Aisne, cant. of Vailly. Pop. 1,167.

BUCYRUS, the capital of Crawford co., in the state of Ohio, U. S., 62 m. N of Columbus, on the S bank of the Sandusky. Pop. 1,634.

BUCZACZ, a town of Austria, in Galicia, in the gov. of Lemberg, circle of Stanislawow, 20 m. WNW of Czortkow, on the Strypa. Pop. 2,300, of whom 700 are Jews. A treaty of peace between the Poles and Turks was negotiated here in 1672.

BUDA, [GERM. Ofen; SLAV. Budin,] the capital of the circle of Pest, and metropolis of Hungary, beautifully situated on an eminence on the W bank of the Danube, about 125 m. SE of Vienna, 200 m. by the river; and 150 m. NW of Belgrade. The principal part of the town stands on an isolated rock, which is still walled in; the suburbs cluster round its base, and extend above a mile along the banks of the river. On the opposite side of the river stands Pest, the Contra-Acinium of the Romans, which was formerly connected with B. by a bridge of boats across the Danube, here 1,400 ft. wide, and consisting of 63 large pontoons, two or three of which were displaced as often as vessels had occasion to pass, while in winter the whole was removed to allow the ice to pass. In statistical descriptions, they are in general considered-sometimes under the name BUDAPEST-as one city, and are spoken of in the same way as we do of London and Westminster. The stillness of B., Paget remarks, contrasts very strongly with the bustle of Pest. The royal palace in the castle, which is occupied by the palatine, the residence of the commander of the garrison, and the houses of two or three great families, give an air of dignity but not of life to the town. The Festung or castle stands at the extremity of a hill towards the E, and commands the greatest part of the city. It is reached by a winding carriage-road, and likewise by several long flights of steps. The suburbs, or Jews' town, extends from the city to the Danube; and behind the town is the Reitzenstadt, a suburb inhabited by Greeks. The houses are mostly built of stone; but the whole town has an ancient and sombre appearance, and the streets are for the most part unpaved. When B. was the residence of the sovereign,

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hence to Germany, Russia, and Poland. Pest is also the great staple for the woollen manufactures of the country. Its imports consist principally of Austrian manufactures, and a few from Turkey. The Austrian government has prohibited the introduction of all other foreign merchandise, in order to encourage its own merchants. The manufacturing classes are in general composed of Germans. A true Hungarian would think himself disgraced by being employed in any other occupation than that of agriculture or of arms; so that the masons, joiners, watch-makers, and other artisans, are mostly natives of Germany. The manufacture of pipe-bowls from the ecume de mer, which is imported from Constantinople, employs many hands. The best sell at from £3 to £5, and even £7. The fair of Pest is the greatest in Hungary, and lasts eight or ten days. The chief articles of sale are the natural productions of the kingdom, such as horses which are driven to the market like flocks of horned cattle, and kept in folds; also oxen, wool, hides, and earthen ware. Great numbers of Greeks, Jews, and Armenians, attend this fair; indeed the great concerns of commerce are chiefly in their hands.-A recent anonymous visitor of the Hungarian capital says: "The same impatience which characterizes every step towards progress in this growing nation is visible also in the rapidly rising buildings which on every side decorate the spreading city. There is in all the new constructions an evident desire to build as quickly as possible a capital, -a fine capital,—a showy capital, for the honour of Hungary, at all risks and ventures. Large and handsome-looking buildings spring up in every direction; but there is a barrenness, a stiffness in their architecture, that betrays the haste with which they have been conceived and executed. The general effect of flatness and monotony which ensues from these hasty productions of the architect gives an unfinished and make-believe sort of look to what would be otherwise so grand a city, which will probably be greatly regretted by a future generation. In this respect Pest has gained, unconsciously, a vague resemblance, in its wide streets and neglected squares that look like plains, to that dreariest and most soul-deadening of all would-be grand cities,-that showy but dull, magnificent and shabby,-new, and yet seemingly

in conjuction with Pest it formed the largest and finest city of Hungary; but while it was under the dominion of the Turks, who possessed it above 150 years, its best buildings were suffered to fall into decay of the remains of these, the principal is the church of the Ascension of the Virgin Mary. Instead of the churches arose many mosques and minarets; several of which were, in their turn, destroyed by the German artillery. A considerable number of caravanseras and mosques, some of which are very elegant buildings, adorn the city; but the finest edifices of B. are its warm baths, which vie with the most magnificent in Europe. The warm springs of B., which issue from the foot of the Blocksberg, were considered by the Turks as the most valuable luxuries which they found in Hungary; and several remains of baths, built in the Turkish fashion, are still to be traced. They were generally circular rooms of considerable dimensions, with cupolas closely perforated, and studded over with small hemispherical glasses. The water is clear, though impregnated with sulphur and iron; and the heat is 138° [Elliott], 135° [Clarke]. The chief public and private buildings, however, are in Pest, which, from being principally inhabited by the foreign merchants, has more of modern style, and of resemblance to other large towns. It already contains 3,900 houses, is surrounded with a wall and moat, and contains the royal palace, which is a large and respectable edifice, extensive barracks, a military hospital, a theatre, a casino, six convents, and several churches. The university of Pest is the first school of learning in the kingdom. It was founded at Tyrnau in 1655, by Peter Pazmann, primate of Hungary, who endowed it with 100,000 florius, and placed it under the direction of the Jesuits. It was transferred to Pest; and, by the suppression of the Jesuits, and the confiscation of their property, its funds were increased to nearly half-amillion of florins. The original institution consisted only of schools for philosophy and theology; a school of law was added in 1667, and one for medicine in 1770, by the empress Maria Theresa. The university at present is composed of 32 professors, independent of the theological classes; 6 for law, 10 for medicine, and 16 for philosophy. It possesses a library of 50,000 vols.; and the students are instructed gratuitously. The school for theology is a Catholic semi-half-ruined capital,-that still-born creation, galvinnary under the inspection of the archbishop of Gran. ized into a false and spectral life,-St. Petersburg. Attached to the university is an observatory, which is And certainly Pest has no reason to be proud of her situated in B.; a library, a museum of natural history resemblance. The aspect of the Hungarian capital, and of medals, which may be ranked among the fine however, with its double city, will always be redeemcollections of Europe; a theatre of anatomy, an hos-ed, whatever the coldness and monotony of its mopital, a botanical garden, and a printing-house. dern architecture, by the magnificence of its natural Besides the university-library, Pest has a royal li- position. Buda will ever remain the ancient Buda, brary, founded by Count Szecseny, and enriched with with its proudly towering citadel or its rocky height, many scarce editions and valuable manuscripts; and its terraced streets and gardens, and its hanging palaa royal garden, one of the richest in Europe, which ces, its noble Blocksberg, and its splendid amphithecontains a great number of exotic plants. A society atre of mountains behind, the summer-retreat of many for the cultivation of the Hungarian language exists of the Pesthers, where rocky height and valley, and here.-Pest is the centre of Hungarian commerce, and forest and ravine, in all their wondrous beauties, leave the first commercial city in the kingdom. It is every the Hungarians no reason to envy even Switzerland way adapted to become a grand centre for the com- itself. Between the two cities will ever roll the nomerce of the Upper Danube. It has immediate com- ble Danube, studded with its green garden-islands, munication with Austria, Moravia, and Transylvania; that rise out of its rapid waters like bunches of bright by the Danube, being situate at the commencement water-lilies, animated by its picturesque strings of of the deep stream, it easily communicates with the anchored water-mills, and crossed before long, in its lower provinces and with the East; and by the rivers tremendous width, by that magnificent suspensionDrave, Theiss, and Saave, with the whole of Hungary, bridge which will be one of the wonders of Europe. Croatia, and the ports of the Adriatic. Public roads On the other side Pest will extend in its wide plain, in every direction lead from it to the principal ports receiving into its bosom the many green parks and and cities of the neighbouring countries; and its chief public gardens which now flank its outskirts; and exportations consist of the productions of the soil, and whatever be the feebleness of its modern architecof national industry. Grain, tobacco, brandy, potash, ture, in conjunction with its twin city of Buda, it honey, and wax, are here important articles of com- must ever possess one of the most imposing aspects merce; and the imperial Tokay wine is sent from that any capital in the world can show. Naples,

The ex

BUDANGHUR, a fort in Hindostan, 26 m. N by W of Almorah, in N lat. 30°. Alt. above sea-level 8,242 ft.

BUDAYUN, or BADAUN, a town of Hindostan, in the prov. of Delhi, 29 m. SW of Bareilly. It first fell under Mahommedan sway in 1203, and is mentioned by Abul Fazel as a place of celebrity, but has long lost all its former splendour.

BUDBROOKE, a parish in Warwickshire, 14 m. NW of Warwick. Area 3,050 acres. Pop. 508. BUDBY, a township in the p. of Edwinstowe, Nottinghamshire, 24 m. NW by W of Ollerton. Pop.

127.

Edinburgh, Constantinople, l'est,-who shall say Austria. In 1784, the Emperor Joseph restored the scat of govwhich shall bear off the palm of beauty? Another ernment from Presburg to B., and at the same time removed to Vienna the ensigns of royalty, consisting of a crown, a sceptre, a advantage which gives to the Hungarian capital so robe, and a pair of stockings said to have been worn by St. Stestriking an aspect is the varied panorama of the many phen. But the removal of these regalia out of the kingdom, concostumes that throng its streets. The Hungarian trary to an express law of the land, occasioned so much discontent and clamour, that they were returned, and are now secured peasantry of the different provinces from the northern in a vault at B. Pest was a place of slight consequence until the Carpathians, as from the southern contines of Servia reign of Maria Theresa. After being taken five times by the and the Turkish provinces, offer a variety of dresses Turks, it was finally secured to the Hungarians in 1686. which would not find room even in the most exten- Authorities.] M. Demian Tableau Geographique et sive album. Even in summer, when the nobility are Politique des Royaumes de Hongrie, &c., vol. i.-Hasall absent from the capital, either on their estates or sel, Tableau Statistique de l'Empire d'Autriche.-Townat the German baths, or at Presburg, when the diet son's Travels in Hungary.-An Itinerary from London is still being held, when the streets are deprived of to Constantinople, in Philip's Collection of Voyages, &c., the splendid equipages of the great, and the glitter vol. i.-Tynna, Almanach du Commerce, 1811.-Bright's of the gilded hussars and pandours that stand behind | Travels.-Elliot's Austria, &c., vol. i.—Paget's Hunthem, the whole appearance of Pest is still gay and gary, vol. i. varied. The life abroad and in the air, which gives BUDAMER, a town of Austria, in Hungary, in so lively an aspect to continental towns, is here also the com. of Jarosch, upon an affluent of the Theiss, one of the most living features." The foundation- 8 m. N of Kaschau. stone of the great suspension-bridge between B. and Pest, was laid, in the coffer-dam on the Pest side of the river, in July, 1842, by the Archduke Charles of Austria; since which time the works have been gradually progressing. The deficiency of roads in Hungary rendered it a matter of great difficulty to obtain the stone and other materials for the works; for although Hungary has vast resources of granite, and also fine stone of every description, and vast mineral resources, yet these resources are, in the present state of the country, perfectly useless. The stone required was brought from a great granite quary, near Linz, in Upper Austria, where immense blocks were quarried, many of them from 12 to 16 tons each. These weighty masses were floated from Linz to Pest, in clumsily built boats, a distance of 400 m. pense of the bridge, when completed, will be 6,000,000 florins, or £600,000. The chains of this stupendous bridge were manufactured in England. The extreme length of the bridge is 1,200 ft. The main span, over the centre, is 600 ft.; and the other two spans are 300 ft. each. All the machinery, steam-engines, cranes, crabs, &c., for the pile-driving, were supplied from England.-In the field of Rakós, at a little distance from the city, on the E side of the river, the Hungarians used frequently to hold their diets; and here, also, the states formerly met on horseback and in arms to elect their king. At some of these assemblies, 100,000 have here pitched their tents; and the Hungarians still venerate the spot as the remembrancer of their ancient freedom, and as an altar on which their forefathers had often sworn to defend their rights. Horse races now take place annually on the Rakós.-According to Professor Hassel, B., in 1789, contained 21,665 inhabitants; and Pest, in 1792. 26,684; while, in the same year, M. Demian reckoned the pop. of Pest 31,000. The pop. of Pest was recently estimated at 61,500; and that of Buda at 31,000.-According to the observations of Professor Mayer, the average range of the barometer at B. in 1845 was 27-3546 Parisian inches; the average temp. 70-204 of Reaumur, or 48°-209 of Fahr. In 1846, the average range of the barometer was 27-3781 inches; and the average temp. 8°516 R., or 51° 161 F. Humboldt reckons the mean temp. of B. 51°.1 Hutory.] B. was the residence of the Hungarian monarchs, til Sigismund became emperor of Germany, in 1410. From the frst appearance of the Turks in Hungary, this city continued to be the grand scene of contention between that people and the imBUDEL, a town of Holland, in the prov. of N Perasts, for more than a century. It was first taken by the Ot-Brabant, 17 m. SSE of Eindhoven. Pop. with Zaterans under Soliman I. in 1525; but was retaken by Ferdinand, Arenduke of Austria, in the following year. The Ottomans made themselves masters of it a second time, in 1529; in 1541, it was constituted the cap. of a Turkish pashalik, composed of the neighbearing provinces; and notwithstanding the repeated attempts of the Austrians to regain it, it remained in their possession till 154, when it was finally recovered by Prince Eugene, and conformed to Leopold I by the treaty of Carlowitz, in 1699. From that time it has remained under the dominion of the house of

BUDDAH, a small lake in Australia, near the 1. bank of the Macquarie, on the parallel of 32° 5′. When seen by Sturt, in the month of December, it was a serpentine sheet of fresh water, rather more than 1 m. in length, and from 300 to 400 yards in breadth, with a depth of 4 fath. It abounds in fish, but no stream either runs into it or flows from it.

BUDDEGAUM, a town of India, in the prov. of Agra and dist. of Narwar. Pop. in 1820, 4,000.

BUDDHAGAYA, a ruined city of India, in the prov. of Bohar, 5 m. from Gaya, on a plain near the Nilajan river. There are numerous remains of Buddhist temples and images here, which have been described by Dr. Hamilton in the 2d vol. of the Trans. of the Royal Asiatic Society.

BUDDIABAD, a Ghilji fort of Afghanistan, in N lat. 34° 55', E long. 70° 14'. Its walls are 25 ft. high, and form a square of 80 yards on the side. Here the 63 British captives spared from the massacre in 1842 were imprisoned for a short time.

BUDDRACHELLUM. See BADRACHILLUM. BUDDRUCK, a town of Hindostan, in the prov. of Orissa, on the N bank of the Solundi, 38 m. SSW of Balasore.

BUDDUSO. See BUDOSo.

BUDE, a small fishing-village in the p. of Stratton in Cornwall, 14 m. W of Stratton, on the coast of the Bristol channel.

BUDEAUX (Sr.), a parish partly in Cornwall, partly in Devonshire, 4 m. NW by N of Plymouth, on the E bank of the Tamar. Area 2,500 acres, whereof 120 are in Cornwall. Pop. 790. BUDEIR. See BADUR.

behör, 2,052.

BUDELICH, a town of Prussia, in the prov. of the Rhine, circle and 10 m. ENE of Treves, on a small tributary of the Moselle.

BUDENITSCHI, a town of Russia, in the
Minsk, SW of Bobrinsk.

gov.

of

BUDENITZ, a village of Bohemia, in the circle