tribe said to number 2,000 fighting men. Their cap. is a fort called Deïrah, 37 m. distant from Khan. BUGUE (LE), a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of Dordogne, arrond. of Sarlat.The cant. comprises 11 com. Pop. in 1831, 8,906.The com., 16 m. WNW of Sarlat, on the r. bank of the Vezère, has a pop. of 2,661. Oil is extensively manufactured here; and the town forms an important entrepot for the wines and other products of the basin of the Vezère in transit to Bordeaux.

BUGUEY, a town on the N coast of the island of Luzon in the Philippine group, in N lat. 18° 25', E long. 121° 50'.

BUGULMA. See BOUGOULMA.

The cant. comprises 25 com., and in 1831 contained a pop. of 10,011. The town is situated on the Onveze, 11 m. SE of Nyons, and 54 m. SSE of Valence. Pop. 2,120. It is ill-built, but has several fine promenades, and a public square planted with a double row of trees. It possesses a considerable commerce in wool, cloth, hats, and gold and silver ware; and besides a weekly market, has eight annual fairs.

BUISSE (LA), a commune of France, in the dep. of Isere, cant. of Voiron. Pop. 1,343.

BUISSON (LE HAUT.) See LE HAUT BUISSON. BUITENPOST, a village of Holland, in the prov. of Friesland, 16 m. ENE of Leuwarden.

BUITENSLUIS, or NUMANSDORP, a village of

BUHAWULPUR. See BHAWLPUR.

BUHL, a town of Baden, in the Middle Rhine circle, 7 m. SW of Baden. Pop. 2,694. Fine leathers are manufactured here.-Also a commune of France, in the dep. of Haut-Rhin, cant. of Guebwiller, 12 m. SSW of Colmar. Pop. 1,155. Fine woollens and calicoes are made here.

BUHL (NIEDER), a village of Baden, on the Kinzig, S of Rastadt. Pop. 294.

BUHLER, a parish and village of Switzerland, in the cant. of Appenzell, 3 m. from Trogon, at an alt. of 2,654 ft. above sea-level. Pop. (Protestants) 1,162. -Also a stream in Wurtemberg, in the Jaxt circle, which rises near Adelsmannfelden, and flows into the Kocher near Geislingen.

BUHLERTANNE, a village of Wurtemberg, in the Jaxt circle, on the Buhler, SE of Hale. Pop. (Catholics) 660. Marble is wrought in the neighbourhood.

BUHLERTHAL, a town of Baden, in the Middle Rhine circle, SW of Baden. Pop. 970.

BUHULIEN, a commune of France, in the dep. of Cotes-du-Nord, cant. of Lannion. Pop. 1,024. BUHUN, or BUHUNWALA, a town of Afghanistan, in the prov. of Seistan, near the W entrance of the Pass of Asnee, 9 m. E of Sebee or Sewee.

BUHUR, a town of Turkey, in the kadilik of Perserin in Romelia, W by N of Pristina.

BUI, a town of Russia, in the gov. of Kostroma, at the influx of the Wocksa into the Kostroma. Pop. 1,200.

BUI, BOIDI, or BoION, a rocky islet in the Grecian archipelago, NW of Paros, in N lat. 37° 10′.— Also an islet on the coast of Serpho, about 24 m. to the E of the port. It is sometimes called POLONI. BUILDWAS, a parish in Salop, 4 m. NE by N of Much-Wenlock, on the Severn, which is here crossed by a beautiful iron bridge of 130 ft. span, erected in 1796. Area 2,950 acres. Pop. 273.

BUIKO VA, a village of Russia, in the gov. of Perm, 41 versts NW of Bisersk, in a level and fertile country, at about 580 ft. above sea-level.

BUILTH, or LLANFAIR, a parish and markettown in Breconshire, 12 m. SW of New Radnor, in a picturesque situation on the river Wye. Pop. 1,203. About 1 m. to the NW are mineral springs and baths. BUINAKI, a town of Russia in Europe, in Georgia, in the prov. of Daghestan, 45 m. NNE of Derbent. BUINE-LE-SEC, a commune of France, in the dep. of Pas-de-Calais, cant. of Campagne-les-Hesden. Pop. 1,095.

BUIRONFOSSE, a commune of France, in the dep. of Aisne, cant. of La Capelle, 12 m. NNW of Vervins. Pop. 2,221. It has extensive manufactories of wooden shoes.

BUIRSELE, a town of Sweden, in the laen and 100 m. NW of Umea, on the 1. bank of the Windel.

BUIS (LE), a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of Drome, arrond. of Nyons.

land, on the r. bank of the Hollandsdiep arm of the Meuse, opposite Willemstadt. Pop. 2,000.

BUITENZORG, a province or residency in the island of Java, consisting of a portion of the ancient kingdom of Jacatra, in the NW part of the island; bounded on the N by the prov. of Batavia; on the E by that of Crawang; on the S by the prov. of Tjandor; and on the W by that of Bantam. It comprises a superficies of 2,450 sq. m.; and contained in 1838 a pop. of 243,368. It is generally mountainous, but is well-watered, and in some districts fertile, producing rice, coffee, and sugar. The cap. of the same name occupies a salubrious site on the NW side of Mount Gebe, 32 m. S of Batavia, at an alt. of 3,196 ft. above sea-level. It contains a palace, belonging to the governor-general, and residences for his functionaries. The inhabitants are chiefly Chinese, who exchange the productions of their industry for those of native agriculture. In the environs are the ruins of Padjajaran, formerly the cap. of one of the most powerful states in Java.

BUITRAGO, or BUYTRAGO, a small town of Spain, in New Castile, in the prov. and 25 m. NE of Guadalaxara, on the r. bank of the Lozoya. It is surrounded by walls, and defended by a strong castle. It possesses a considerable trade in the fine wool of the locality.

BUITTLE, a parish in Kirkcudbrightshire, stretching along the Solway frith. Pop. in 1801, 863; in 1841, 1,059, of whom 200 were in the v. of Palnachie.

BUIX, a town of Switzerland, in the cant. of Bern, on the r. bank of the Halle, 4 m. NNW of Porrentruy. BUIZA, a town of Spain, in the prov. and 27 m. N of Leon, on the Bernesga.

BUJALANCE, a town of Spain, in Andalusia, cap. of a judicial partido, in the prov. and 22 m. E of Cordova. Pop. 9,000. It possesses manufactories of woollen fabrics, and has several important fairs. It is supposed to occupy the place of the ancient Calpurniana. The surrounding district is extremely fertile.

BUJALEUF, a commune of France, in the dep. of Haute-Vienne, cant. of Egmoutiers, at the junction of the Maude with the Vienne, 21 m. E of Limoges. Pop. 1,936.

BUJANA, or BUJJAUNA, a town of Hindostan, in the prov. of Gujerat, on the SE bank of the Runn, 22 m. ENE of Durraungdra.

BUJARALOZ, a town of Spain, in Arragon, prov. and 40 m. ESE of Saragossa. Pop. 1,800. BUJARRABAL, a town of Spain, in Old Castile, in the prov. and 45 m. S of Soria.

BUJE, a town of Illyria, in the gov. and 12 m. SSW of Trieste, on a height 6 m. from the shore of the Adriatic.

BUJAYAH. See BUGIA.
BUJUK-BETCHIK.

See BUYUKBETCHIK.
BUJUKDERE. See BUYUKDERE.

BUJURA, a town of Brazil, in the prov. and 70 m. NE of Rio Grande de S. Pedro, on the narrow

the Bijugas having driven out the Biafaras, without occupying their place. Accordingly, on the 29th June 1792, the island of Bulama was ceded to Great Britain for ever by the two ehiefs of the neighbouring island of Canabac. The climate, the hardships of a new settlement, and the hostility of the neighbouring tribes, rendered it necessary, by the end of 1793, to evacuate this new possession: no fewer than 78 persons having died in 16 months out of the 84 who composed the colony which had agreed to remain upon the island. The Portuguese, in virtue of their claim to a prior right in this island, granted an Havannah slave-dealer a charter for settling this island; and he appears to have been in possession of it from 1829 to 1838, when he was dispossessed by a British officer employed in putting down the slave-trade in this quarter. The island might be useful as a refitting station for our cruisers, and as a coal-depot for East Indian or cruising steamers. Its road is one of the best on the African coast.-Beaver's African Memoranda.—Madden's Report.—History of Liberia. BULAMEEN, a town of the Punjab, in the prov. of Damaun, near the r. bank of the Kurrum, 50 m. W of Teera.

BULANDSHOFDI, a wild mountain-pass, across a mountain nearly 2,000 ft. high, on the W coast of Iceland, in the Snæfellsness Oyssel, E of Grundarfiord.

BULBY AND HAWTHORPE, a township in the p. of Irnham, Lincolnshire. Pop. in 1841, 211. Pop. of hamlet of B. 146.

BULCAMP, a hamlet in the p. of Blythburgh, Suffolk. Pop. in 1841, 109.

BULCOTE, a chapelry in the p. of Burton-Joyce, Nottinghamshire, 6 m. NE of Nottingham, on the N bank of the Trent. Area 970 acres. Pop. in 1841, 154. BULDERUP, a town of Denmark, in the duchy of Sleswick, and 10 m. E of Tonder, on an affluent of the Gron.

BULDIR, BULUR, or BULDHURR, an island of the N Pacific, of the Aleutian group, to the E of the island of Attu, in N lat. 52° 50′, and E long. 176°. BULFORD, a parish of Wilts, 2 m. NNE of Amesbury, on the Avon. Area 4,160 acres. Pop. in 1841, 367.

BULGA, a considerable town of Abyssinia, the cap. of Fatagar, on the S frontier of Shoa, and one day's journey from Aukobar.-Krapf.

BULGAR. See BOLGARY.

BULGA'R DAGH, a mountain in Asia Minor, a branch of the Taurus chain, in Karamania, in the sanj. and 60 m. E of Konia. Its general direction is from ENE to WSW.

BULGARIA, a province of Turkey in Europe, now forming part of the pashalik of Romelia. It is bounded on the N by the Danube, which separates it from Wallachia, Moldavia, and Bessarabia; on the E by the Black sea; on the S by the Balkan chain, and its prolongation the Khoja Balkan, which separates it from Romelia and Macedonia; and on the W by Macedonia and Servia. It lies between the parallels of 42° 10′ and 45° 20′ N, and the meridians of 22° 10' and 29° 35′ E; but it is only a comparatively small portion of the surface which lies to the S of the parallel of 42° 50′, or to the N of that of 44°. Its extreme length, measured along a line running ESE and WNW, from the Edrillis or St. George's mouth of the Danube, to the Khoja Balkan, is 380 m. The length of its sea-coast from the Danube to Cape Emineh is about 200 m.; but its average breadth from the heights of the Balkan chain to the plains of the Danube, does not exceed 90 m. Its superficial area may be roughly estimated at 30,000 sq. m.

Physical features. The general physical features of B. are those of a well-wooded and mountainous

|

country, being intersected from E to W by a series of parallel ranges, contreforts of the Balkan, which diminish in height as they approach the Danube. Between these ranges, stretch extensive fertile plains or longitudinal valleys. A large portion of the surface consists of the tertiary series of rocks and deposits. Nearly the whole surface of the country sloping northwards to the Danube, the rivers of B. belong to the basin of that river. In succession, from W to E, the principal rivers are: the Timok, which throughout its whole course separates Servia from B.; the Lom, the Zibritza, the Ogust, the Sketul, the Isker, the Vid, the Osma, the Jantra, the Kara Lom, and the Taban. All these rivers join the Danube on the r. bank. The Kamtchik is the principal stream flowing E to the Black sea. In the extreme NE part of the country, the surface is low and swampy. Here the delta of the Danube presents a flat desolate stretch of country, generally covered with bulrushes; and Lake Rassein may be considered as an extensive lagune formed by the union and expansion of several arms of that river.

Productions and Commerce.] B. is a fertile, and, as compared with Servia and Wallachia, a well-cultivated country. The plains and valleys which are watered by the Danube and its numerous tributary streams, are rich and fertile: even in the mountains, Nature has here spread many of her riehest gifts. The forests of Hamus abound in a variety of fruit trees, particularly cherries, apricots, and vines; and in its deep glens and uninhabited recesses, aromatic shrubs and the gayest flowers are as numerous and exquisite as in the cultivated gardens of our less genial soil and climate. The chief productions of B. are wheat, rice, and grain of all kinds, cattle especially horses, wool, tallow, iron, timber, and wine. The navigation of the Danube-which is now performed by steamers as well as small boats-affords it an easy communication with the neighbouring provinces, and the ports on the Black sea. The communication by steam, established by Austria between Vienna and Galatz, is interrupted between Moldavia and Orsava, and goods are there carried in small vessels which only draw 3 or 4 feet of water. From Orsava the Danube is chiefly navigated by Turkish lighters called kirlaches of from 30 to 100 tons, which are chiefly employed in carrying corn to Brailoff and Galatz, and salt to the ports of B. The wool of B. is of a very excellent quality, particularly that of Nicopolis, which sells for from 8 to 10 paras the oka, and by proper management might be made even to equal the wool of Spain. Fine wools, free of black wool, might be put on board at Varna, at £5 per quintal of 125 lbs. What is produced in the southern part of the province passes to Constantinople; but that of the north is spread over Germany and the ports of the Adriatic. Silk is also abundant, and constitutes an important article of commerce with the capital. The silk of the best quality comes from Zagara, Tchirpan, and Kizanlik, and brings about 10 piastres the oka, while the silk of Haskeni sells for 8. The Bulgarians, it is said, owe the increase of the silk produce to the presence of emigrants from Brousse in France, who have planted a prodigious quantity of mulberry trees. The honey of this province is superior in quality to that of Wallachia or Moldavia. The best is from the neighbourhood of Yamboli. It may be purchased at Varna at about £2 per quintal. Wax, of excellent quality, is collected in great quantities at Ternova, Yamboli, Nicopoli, Sistof, Rustchuk, Toutraka, Silistria, Prevat, Bazardjik, Zagara, Tehirpan, Shumla, and Rasgrad. The tobacco of this prov. varies greatly in quality. The best, which comes from Yenidjé, sells from 12 paras to a piastre the oka. The wine of B. is rather of an inferior quality. It is, however, made

mills to be smoothed. Of this cloth they make a jacket, which covers the thighs: it is handsomely embroidered by the women with black braid; the waistcoat, called sookar, is also fancifully worked. The lower dress consists of the pootoor (breeches), which is very large and full to the knee, and fits tight round the leg to the ancle: they wear woollen socks both in summer and winter; the shoe is like the Italian sandal. Their shirts are of cotton, the cloth of which is made by the women, who adorn the sleeves and collars with patterns worked in worsted of various colours. The head covering of every peasant is a cylindrical-shaped cap of black sheep-skin. The women's dress is simple, but picturesque; it varies a little in different parts of the Balcan: some wear a cylindrical-shaped bonnet, of a harlequin pattern, over which they put a handkerchief, and tie it under the chin. The gown is black, with a broad border, on which are sewn three pieces of stuff of different colours. The sash round the waist is broad, prettily worked, and very becoming. They stick numerous coins in their hair, wear large rings in their ears, and a profusion of them on their fingers: their wrists are adorned with bracelets of glass, and occasionally of massive silver, like those cut in lava at Naples. The Bulgarian marries very young, the wives being from twelve to thirteen years of age."

B. is divided into the 4 sanjaks of Vidin or Widdin, Silistriah or Silistria, Nigeboli or Nicopoli, and Sophia. The cap. is Sophia. The other principal cities are Shumla, Silistria, Rustchuk, Widdin, and Varna.

History.] This country was known to the Romans under the name Masia Inferior. The people who conferred its present

name upon it were an ancient nomadic tribe of Slavonian origin, who in the 4th cent. were settled on the Volga, where the ruins of their former capital, called Bolgar, still exist in the neighbourhood of Kasan. Removing into the territory between the Don and the Bog, they called their new acquisition the Second Bulgaria or Voulgaria. In 539 they passed the Danube and formed the kingdom of Black Bulgaria, extending along the coasts of the Black sea as far as Mount Hamus. They next engaged in a series of sanguinary contests with the Lower empire, which they filled with terror until their subjection by Basil II. in 1017. In the 13th cent. Stephen IV. king of Hungary conquered this country; and in the succeeding century it fell into the hands of the Turks. Authorities.] Gibbon's Decline and Fall of Rome.-Thornton's Turkey-Robert, Les Slaves de Turquie, &c., 1844, 2 vols. 8vo. Walsh's Journey from Constantinople.-Keppel's Journey across the Balkan, vol. i.-Elliott's Travels, vol. i.—Peuchet, Dict. de la Commerce.- Macgregor's Com. Tariff. - Malte Brun.-Dr. A.

Boué.

BULGNEVILLE, a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of Vosges, arrond. of Neufchateau. The cant. comprises 26 com., and in 1831 contained a pop. of 12,485. The town is 15 m. SSE of Neufchateau. Pop. 1,012. It possesses manufactories of linen, brocade, shoes, and pottery.

BULGOS, or BULGOSE, a village of Arabia, in the prov. of Yemen, 21 m. E of Beit-el-Fakih. The houses are neatly built of stone, and surrounded with coffee-gardens. The women, who are fairer than those of the adjacent provinces, appear unveiled, and enjoy a greater degree of liberty than is common to Mahommedan females in Arabia.

BULGURLU, or BURGHULLU, a hill near Skutari, in Anatolia, commanding a magnificent view of Constantinople. Alt. 787 feet above sea-level.

BULIBABA, a Fulah town in Western Africa, between Cayor and Bondu, in a fine country covered with magnificent forests.-Caillie.

BULIBAM. See BONDU.

BULJEWAN, or KULAN, a town of Badakshan, on the 1. bank of the Kuratagin, 15 m. N of its junction with the Bolor, and 10 m. NNE of Kurgantippa.

BULK, a township in the p. and 2 m. NE of Lancaster, in Lancashire. Area 1,200 acres. Pop. 113.

15 m. NNE of Zemplin, and marche of Uj-Hely, 20 m. W of Unghvar.

BULKAN, a town of Hanover, in the district of Bremen, NW of Stade. Pop. 779. BULKH. See BALKH.

BULKINGTON, a parish in Warwickshire, 4 m. SE by S of Nuneaton. Area 4,600 acres. Pop. 1831.-Also a tything in Keevil p., Wilts. Area 760 acres. Pop. 268.

BULKWORTHY, a parish in Devonshire, 7 m. SW of Great Torrington. Area 6,850 acres. Pop. 196.

BULL, an islet 24 m. W of Dursey island, co. Cork, one of the group fancifully called the Bull, the Cow, the Calf, and the Cat.-Also a rocky islet off the W extremity of the island of Rathlin, co. Antrim. -Also a promontory on the E side of the entrance of Dingle harbour, co. Kerry.

BULL, a river of S Africa, which flows E to the Sunday river into which it falls on the r. bank, in about 33° 20′ S lat. It divides the district of Graaf Reynet on the N from that of Uitenhage on the S, throughout its whole length of course of about 50 m.

BULL, or BABOUL BAY, an indentation of the SE coast of the island Newfoundland, in N lat. 47° 20′. BULLAM, or SANTREE, a town on the windward coast of W Africa, a league to the W of the mouth of the St. John.

BULLAS, an ancient town of Spain, in the prov. and 25 m. NW of Murcia, on a hill near the Rio Mula. Pop. 4,186.

BULLE, a town of Switzerland, in the cant. of Friburg, 18 m. from Vevay, near the Sarine; at an alt. of 2,493 ft. above sea-level. Pop. 1,500. It is the chief depot for the celebrated Gruyère cheese.

BULLEN (CAPE), the NW extremity of Fernando Po, in N lat. 3° 47′ 25′′, E long. 8° 39′ 24′′.

BULLEN (FORT), a fortified position at the mouth of the Gambia, on the N side of that river, opposite Bathurst.

BULLEN (POINT), a point of land on the Arctic coast of N America, in N lat. 70° 10', W long. 146° 30'. The line of coast here, and for some distance E and W, presents very low land.

BULLER'S GREEN, a township in the p. of Morpeth, Northumberland. Pop. in 1841, 169.

BULLES, a commune and town of France, in the dep. of the Oise, cant. and 8 m. NNW of Clermont, on the Bresche. Pop. 1,071. It is celebrated for its linen manufactories, and has one annual fair.

BULLET, a river of Lower Canada, in the co. Megantie, which takes its rise in the NE corner of the township of Ireland, runs NW, and unites with the Clyde in the township of Inverness.

BULLEY, a parish of Gloucestershire, 4 m. SSE of Newent. Area 780 acres. Pop. in 1841, 229.

BULLINA, a river of Mexico, in the prov. of Yucatan, which takes its rise in the mountains near Valladolid, and running ENE, falls into the channel of Yucatan, in N lat. 21° 10′.

BULLINGHAM (UPPER and LOWER), a parish of Herefordshire, 2 m. S of Hereford, near the Abergavenny and Hereford railway. Area 1,700 acres. Pop. in 1841, 412.

BULLINGTON, a parish of Hants, 4 m. S of Whitchurch. Area 1,760 acres. Pop. in 1841, 187. -Also a chapelry in the p. of Goltho, Lincolnshire. Area 760 acres. Pop. in 1841, 52.

BULLIT, a county in the state of Kentucky, U. S., bordering on the N on Salt river, and watered by one of its tributaries. It is generally hilly, but fertile, and contains considerable manufactories of salt. Pop. in 1840, 6.334, of whom 4,996 were whites, 1,320 slaves, and 18 free coloured. Cap.,