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tachio and hazel-nuts, chestnuts, soda, lint, and fodder. The rearing of cattle forms an important branch of industry in some of its localities. CALTASCIBETTA. See CALATASCIBETTA. CALTAVOTURO, or CALATAVATURO, a town of Sicily, in the prov. and 40 m. ESE of Palermo, district of Termini, and 25 m. NNW of Caltanissetta, near the 1. bank of the Grande. Pop. 3,408. Jasper is found in the environs, which are singularly wild and romantic.

row neck of land, extending about 9 leagues parallel to the W coast of Ceylon, between 7° 56' to 8° 18' N lat., and to the S of the island of Cardiva, from which it is separated by a channel studded with islands, the largest of which, Long island, is close to the N point of C. It is low and sandy, and during the NE monsoon becomes isolated. The cocoa nut is its chief article of produce, and forms the principal subsistence of the inhabitants. A small coasting-trade, consisting in salted fish, fish roes, and rice, is carried on by means of canoes.-A fort and village of the same CALTERN, or KALTERN, a town of Tyrol, in the name is situated near the N extremity of the pen-circle and 7 m. SW of Botzen, near a small lake, insula.

and about 3 m. from the r. bank of the Adige.
CALTHORPE, a parish of Norfolk, 3 m. N of
Aylsham, near the post-road. Area 850 acres. Pop.
in 1841, 214.
CALTHWAITE, a township in the p. of Hesket-
Cumberland, 7 m. NNW of Penrith,
on the Petterill, and near the post-road. Pop. in
1841, 206.
CALTIGNANA, a town of Piedmont, in the prov.
and 5 m. NNW of Novara, near the 1. bank of the
Agogna.

CALPI, or KALPI, a town of Hindostan, in the prov. and 125 m. SE of Agra, and 95 m. SW of Lucknow, on the r. bank of the Jumna. It is large and populous, and is enclosed on the S and E by a wall. The fort occupies a strong position command-in-the-Forest, ing the river, but is inadequately defended on the E. It possesses a considerable transit-trade in cotton, and is noted for its manufactories of sugar-candy and paper. This town, formerly the cap. of a small state, originally stood in a plain at some distance from the Jamna, but in consequence of repeated incursions of the Maharattas, its inhabitants removed to its present more defensible position. In 1765, the chief of C., conjoined with the Maharattas, sustained a defeat by the British; and in 1806 the district was permanently ceded to the government of Bengal.

CALPUTY. See AUCUTTA.

CALRY, a parish in co. Sligo, adjoining the town of Sligo. Area 11,510 acres, of which 3,400 are rough land and mountain. Pop. 6,045.

CALSTOCK, a parish of Cornwall, 4 m. E of Callington, on the N bank of the Tamar. Area 5,450 acres. Pop. in 1841, 2,553.

CALSTONE, a tything in the p. of Calne, Wilts. Pop. in 1841, 219.

CALSTONE-WELLINGTON, a parish of Wilts, 24 m. SE of Calne, N of the Roman road. Area 1,130 acres. Pop. in 1841, 31.

CALT, or TALT, a lake in the p. of Kilmacteigue, co. Sligo. Its length is 14 m.; its area about 300 acres; and its surface-elevation above sea-level 455 ft. It lies near the W boundary of the county, and sends off its waters by the Aclassa to the Moy.

CALTANAZOR, or CALATANAZOR, a town of Spain, in Old Castile, prov. and 15 m. WSW of Soria, on a hill, the foot of which is bathed by the Milanos. Pop. 1,500.

CALTADO (SAN), a canton and village of Sicily, in the district and 5 m. WSW of Caltanissetta.

CALTANISSETTA, CALATANISSETTA, or CALTANICETTA, a town of Sicily, cap. of the administrative province and district of the same name, near the r. bank of the Salso, 30 m. NE of Girgenti, and 65 m. ESE of Palermo. Pop. 16,500. It occupies the supposed site of the Nissa of the Romans, in an extensive and fertile plain, and is defended by a strong castle. It is well-built, its streets are broad and straight, and it contains a fine square. At Terra Pilata, in the environs, are several jets of petroleum and hydrogen gas, and extensive sulphur-works. The prov. of Caltanissetta (Valle) consists of the E part of the Val di Mazzara, and comprises an area of 1,140 Neapolitan sq. m. It is bounded on the N by the prov. of Palermo; on the NE and E by that of Catania; on the SE by the prov. of Syracuse; and on the S by the Mediterranean. Pop. in 1831, 168,529. It contains 3 districts, viz., Caltanissetta, Piazza, and Terranova, subdivided into 16 circondario, and 31 communes. The surface is covered by ramifications of the Neptunian chain, and watered by the Salso, Dirillo, Terranovo, Manfria, and Platina. Its principal productions are grain, wine, oil, almonds, pis

CALTON, a chapelry, partly in the p. of Blore, Croxden, Mayfield, and Waterfall, Staffordshire, 5 m. WNW of Ashborne, and 23 m. W of the river Dove. Area 2,480 acres. Pop. in 1841, 244.-Also a township in the p. of Kirkby-in-Malham-Dale, W. R. of Yorkshire, 7 m. ESE of Settle, on a branch of the Aire. Area 1,730 acres. Pop. 79.

CALTON-HILL, a rounded eminence in the city of Edinburgh, rising abruptly from the termination of the ridge on which Prince's-street is built, and forming, on the SW side, the continuation of the N side of the valley by which the ridge of the Highstreet, in the Old town, is separated from that of the New town. Between it and the Prince's-street ridge, a deep and narrow hollow is formed, which winds eastwards round the base of the hill, and is lost in the plain that extends to Leith. From the summit, it slopes gently toward the SE. To the NW it exhibits an abrupt and rounded face, in the same manner as the Castle-rock. Its elevation above sea-level at Leith is 344 ft. Its great mass is composed of claystone-porphyry and trap-tufa. According to Professor Henderson, the latitude of the Calton-hill observatory is 55° 57′ 33′′ N; but in the Calton-hill observations [Vol. I., Introd., p. xxxviii] it is stated at 55° 57′ 23′′ 2 N. The lat. of Greenwich observatory is, according to Mr. Airy, 51° 28′ 38′′ N.

ČALTRAGH, a village in the p. of Killosolan, co. Galway, 14 m. E of Castle Blakeney. Pop. 164. CALTRANO, a town of Venetian Lombardy, in the prov. and 17 m. NNW of Vicenza, on the I. bank of the Astico.

CALTURA, a town and small fort of the island of Ceylon, the cap. of a small district, situated on the SW coast, at the mouth of the Kaluganga, 26 m. S of Colombo, and 70 m. SW of Kandy, in N lat. 6° 38', E long, 80° 3'. Its principal street is planted with fine trees. It possesses considerable distilleries of arrack and rum, and has an active commerce with the interior. In the environs are extensive sugar plantations. The Kaluganga is navigable from this to Ratnapura; and there is a canal from C. to Colombo.

CALUIRE, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Rhone, cant. of Neuville-sur-Saone. Pop. 4,000. CALUJA, an island of the Asiatic archipelago, in the Mindoro sea, in N lat. 9° 30′, E long. 121° 2.

CALULE POINT, a promontory of the island of Luzon, on the NW coast, in N lat. 18° 3', E long. 120° 30′.

CALUMET, or CALLUMIT (GRAND), an extensive island in the Ottawa river, in Bathurst district,

CALUMET, a county in the state of Wisconsin, U. S., comprising an area of 300 sq. m., bounded on the W by Winnebago lake, and drained by the head | branches of Manitowoc river. Pop. in 1840, 275.Also a township of Pike co., in the state of Missouri, Pop. 2,743.

CALUMET VILLAGE, a village in Calumet co., in the state of Wisconsin, U. S., on the E side of Winnebago lake.

CALUNGA, a river of South Guinea, in the kingdom of Benguela, which takes its rise 120 m. WSW of Fort Caconda, runs N, and after a course of 90 m., falls into the Copororo.

CALUSCO, a village of Venetian Lombardy, in the gov. of Milan, prov. and 11 m. W of Bergamo, and 6 m. WSW of Ponte S. Pietro, near the 1. bank of the Adda. Pop. 1,200.

CALUSO, or CALUSSO, a town of Piedmont, cap. of a mandemento, in the prov. and 11 m. S of Ivrea. Pop. 3,000. It contains a communal college. CALVA MOUNT, a summit of the island of Corsica, NNW of Porto Vecchio, which rises to the height of 1,710 ft.

Upper Canada, insulated on the W by Rochefendu | reous, are sometimes laid out in artificial meadows; channel, and separated from Lower Canada on the but are generally, especially in the neighbourhood of E by Calumet channel. Caen, appropriated to the cultivation of grain, linseed, hemp, &c. The colza, woad, and rape-seed are cultivated in some parts. Apples and pears are abundant, furnishing excellent cyder for exportation. The forests extend over 39,795 hectares; orchards and gardens occupy a surface of 46,325 hect. The extent of arable land is estimated at 316,523 hect.; of meadows, at 123,059 hect.; the surface occupied by rivers and lakes, at 2,793 hect.-Cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs are reared in great numbers in this dep., which is likewise celebrated for its poultry, and its turkeys in particular. Mackerel and herring are taken on the coast, on which also lie extensive oyster beds. Iron and coal are wrought; turf is also abundant, and a most valuable stone used for building is obtained in immense quantities in the vicinity of Caen. Marbles of various colours are likewise found, and clay-pits are numerous.-The manufactures are chiefly hardware, pottery, linen, cotton cloth, lace, paper, woollen cloth, and oil. The laces of Bayeux, the silk laces or blondes of Caen, and the flannels of Lisieux, are of leading repute in the manufactures of this dep; and there are extensive dye works. The export trade consists in cattle, horses, poultry, butter, eggs, cyder, brandy, linen, lace, leather, stone for building, wood, and oil. The import trade consists chiefly of cast-iron, wool, cotton, and colonial produce. The most important fairs are those of Caen and Guibray. Above 450 m. of good carriage-road traverse this dep., the principal routes being that from Paris to Cherbourg and that from Caen to Tours.-The arrondissements are six in number: Caen, Bayeux, Falaise, Lisieux, Pont l'Eveque, and Vire. These are subdivided into 37 cantons, and 809 communes.-The dep. forms the diocese of the bishop of Bayeaux, and a part of the 14th military division; and returned under the late regime 7 members to the chamber-of-deputies, who, in 1834, were chosen by 4,113 electors. Its pop. in 1801 was 451,836; in 1821, 492,613; in 1831, 494,702; in 1836, 501,775; and in 1846, 498,385. The amount of public revenue raised from this dep. in 1839 was 20,119,344 francs. The communal budget in 1833 showed an expenditure of 2,645,849 francs.

CALVADOS, a department in the N of France, deriving its name from a chain of rocks upon its coast. It includes Bessin, Caen, the Pays d'Auge, Lieuvain and the Bocage,-districts previous to 1790 included in Lower Normandy; and is bounded on the N by the English channel; on the E by the dep. of the Eure; on the S by that of the Orne; and on the W and SW by that of La Manche. It lies between the parallels of 48° 45′ and 49° 27′ N lat.; is in form nearly rectangular; measures from E to W 178 m., from N to S 39 m.; and comprises an area of 562,093 hectares. The slope of the surface is from S to N; and amongst the rivers which have their rise in the hills on the southern limits are the Dive, the Tocques, the Orne, and the Seule, all emptying themselves into the channel. Its NE angle belongs to the basin of the Seine. The coast stretches 75 m. from Honfleur, at the mouth of the Seine, on the E, to the estuary of the Vire on the W. It is tolerably straight, but dangerous on account of the rocks and shoals by which it is skirted. Several small ports present themselves along this line of coast, as Isigny, Port-en-Bessin, Courseulles, Dives, Tocques or Touques, Trouville, and Honfleur; but none of them, with the exception of Caen, have extensive communication with the interior of the dep., the rivers not being navigable for more than 12 m., and there are no canals to assist the navigation.The prevailing winds are from the N, and from NW round to SW. Fogs are frequent, but the climate is not considered insalubrious.-The soil in the plains is argillaceous; that of the hills, sandy; in the valleys much of it is alluvial. These different soils rest, in the W districts, upon clay and marl; in the SE, upon granite and freestone; and in almost every other part, upon sand and chalk. The valleys are the richest portion of this dep., especially that of Trevieres, between the Dromme and the Vire, and Saint Pierre on the Dive; those of Corbon and Saint Samson, watered by the Tocques, which gives name to a beautiful valley; and the valley of the Auge. All these districts afford excellent pasturage for the cattle brought from the dep. of Finistere, Cotes-de-Nord, Sarthe, La Mayne, and La Vendee, to be fattened for the markets of Poissy and Beaumont. The cows of Trévières and d'Isigny, so famous for their butter, graze in these valleys; and the finest horses of the Norman breed are reared in them. The plains, where the soil is deep or calca

CALVADOS, a chain of rocks in the English channel, extending about 20 m. from E to W along the coast of the French dep. of Calvados, between the mouths of the Orne and the Vire.

CALVANICO, a village of Naples, in the prov. of the Principato Citra, district and 10 m. NE of Salerno, and 12 m. E of S. Severino, on a hill. Pop. 1,500.

CALVARRAS, a town of Spain, in Leon, prov. and 9 m. SE of Salamanca.

CALVARY, a township of Franklin co., in the state of Missouri, U. S. Pop. in 1840, 779.

CALVATONE, a town of Venetian Lombardy, in the prov. and 20 m. E of Cremona, district and 4 m. E of Piadina, near the r. bank of the Oglio. Pop. 1,259.

ČALVELLO, a town of Naples, cap. of a circondario in the prov. of Basilicato, dist. and 15 m. S of Potenza. Pop. 6,550. It is situated on a hill, the base of which is washed by an affluent of the Basento, and contains a handsome church and two convents. A fair is held once a-year. CALVELY, a township in the p. of Bunbury, Cheshire, 6 m. NNW of Nantwich, near the Birmingham and Chester canal. Area 1,916 acres. Pop. in 1841, 190.

CALVENTURA ISLES, a group of islets in the bay of Bengal, near the W coast of Burmah, in N lat. 16° 51', E long. 94° 15',

CALVER, a township in the p. and 4 m. NE of Bakewell, Derbyshire, on the E bank of the Derwent. Pop. in 1841, 573. It contains extensive cotton-mills and lime-quarries.

CALVERA, a town of Naples, in the prov. of Basilicate, dist. and 23 m. ENÊ of Lagonegro, and 40 m. SSE of Potenza. Pop. 1,780.

CALVERHALL, or CORRA, a township in the p. of Prees, Salop, 44 m. SE of Whitchurch. Pop. in 1841, 151. The chapelry of C. includes Millenheath and Williston. Pop. 262.

CALVIA, a town of the island of Majorca, 8 m. W of Palma.

CALVISANO, a town of Venetian Lombardy, in the gov. of Milan, prov. and 15 m. SSE of Brescia. Pop. 3,000. It was formerly a populous and flourishing town.

CALVISSON, a commune and town of France, in the dep. of Gard, cant. of Sommieres, and 11 m. SW of Nimes. Pop. 2,692. It contains a Calvinistic consistorial church, and has manufactories of cream of tartar, and a considerable commerce in winechiefly claret-the produce of the locality.

CALVERLEIGH, a parish of Devon, 2 m. NW of Tiverton, near the Western canal, and 7 m. from CALVIZZANO, a village of Naples, in the prov. the Exeter railway. Area 550 acres. Pop. in and 6 m. NW of the cap., on the brow of Monte1841, 81. Marano, in the district of Casoria. Pop. 2,036. It York-possesses a handsome parish church, adorned with works of Dominico and Nicolas Vaccaro.

CALVERLEY, a parish in the W. R. of
shire, 6 m. NW of Leeds, and S of the river Aire.
Area 8,390 acres. Pop. in 1841, 21,039. See also
CALVELY.

CALVERLEY-WITH-FARSLEY, a township in the p. of Calverley, W. R. of Yorkshire. Area 3,640 acres. Pop. in 1841, 4,142.

CALVERSTOWN, a village in the p. of Davidstown, co. Kildare, 1 ́m. NË of Ballytore.

150.

Pop.

CALVERT, a county in the state of Maryland, U.S., comprising a superficies of 264 sq. m., bounded on the E by Chesapeake bay. It is rather hilly. Pop. in 1830, 8,899; in 1840, 9,229, of whom 3,585 | were whites, 4,270 slaves, and 1,474 free coloured. Cap., Prince Frederick Town.

CALVERTON, a parish of Buckinghamshire, 1 m. S of Stony-Stratford, S of the Yare and near the Buckingham canal. Area 1,980 acres. Pop. in 1841, 493.-Also a parish of Nottinghamshire, 6 m. NNE of Nottingham, near a branch of the Trent. Area 3,320 acres. Pop., inclusive of the manor of Satterford, 1,339.

CALVERT'S ISLAND, an island of the N Pacific, in the New Hanover archipelago, in N lat. 51° 21', W long. 127° 54'.

CALVERT'S or KAWEN ISLANDS, a group in the N Pacific, in Marshall archipelago, in N lat. 8° 55', E long. 171o.

CALVI, an arrondissement, canton, commune, and town of the island of Corsica. The arrond. contains an area of 100,293 hectares, comprising the cant. of Algajola, Belgodere, Calenzana, Calvi, IleRousse, and Olmi-et-Capella. Pop. in 1831, 20,441; in 1836, 21,469; in 1846, 24,335. The cant. contains the com. of Calvi only. The town is situated on a lofty peninsula, and on the S side of the gulf of the same name, on the NW side of the island. Pop. in 1789, 1,151; in 1836, 1,457. It is strongly fortified, and possesses a good harbour and extensive roadstead. It has a communal college, and maintains an active commerce in timber, wine, oil, almonds, citron, oranges, wax, leather, and goatskins. The total tonnage which entered the port in 1840 amounted to 5,248 tons, of which 2,313 tons were foreign. About 30 boats, of a total tonnage of 322 tons, belong to this port. The environs afford good wine. This town was taken by the English in 1794, after a regular siege of 51 days.-Also a town of Naples, in the Terre-di-Lavoro, district and 15 m. NW of Caserta, and 7 m. NNW of Capua. Pop. 50. It is the seat of the united bishopric of Calvi and Teano; and contains an episcopal palace, a cathedral. and a seminary. A fair is held once a-year. In the environs is a royal castle. This town, the Cales of the Romans, was formerly celebrated for its baths and its vineyards. The insalubrity of its situation and the frequency of earthquakes have rendered it nearly depopulated. Also a town in the States of the Church, 15 m. W of Rieti.

CALVORDE, or KALVORDE, a town of Brunswick, on the Ohra, 22 m. NNW of Magdeburg, and 40 m. ENE of Brunswick. Pop. 1,400.

CALW, a village of Wurtemburg, in the circle of the Schwarzwald.

CALWICH, a township in the p. of Ellastone, Staffordshire, 33 m. SW of Ashborne, W of the river Dove. Pop. in 1841, 131.

CALZADA, a town of Spain, in New Castile, in the prov. and 15 m. SSE of Ciudad Real.-Also a town in the prov. and 25 m. WSW of Leon.-Also a town in the prov. and 10 m. NNW of Salamanca. CALZADA (LA), a town of Spain, in Estremadura, in the prov. and 68 m. ENE of Badajoz, and 38 m. NE of Merida. Pop. 2,500.-Also a town of Old Castile, in the prov. of Burgos, 7 m. NNE of Briviesca.

CALZADA DE OROPESA, a town of Spain, in New Castile, in the prov. and 70 m. W of Toledo, and 4 m. SW of Oropesa.

CALZADILLA, a town of Spain, in Estremadura, in the prov. and 50 m. SSE of Badajoz, and 15 m. WNW of Llerena. Also towns in the prov. and 20 m. NW and 12 m. SW of Salamanca.

CALZADILLA DE CORIA, a town of Spain, in Estremadura, in the prov. of Caures.

CALZARELLO, a hamlet of the island of Corsica, cant. of Luri, on the E coast. It possesses a small port.

CAM, a parish of Gloucestershire, 1 m. N of Dursley. Area 3,430 acres. Pop. in 1841, 1,851.

CAM, or GRANTA, a river of Cambridgeshire, which rises in several small streams in Essex, flows NE, passes Cambridge, and falls into the Ouse, at Stratham-mere, about 3 m. S of Ely, after a course of nearly 40 m.

CAMA, a town of Switzerland, in the cant. of the Grisons, in the Val Misocco, near the r. bank of the Moesa, 3 m. ENE of Roveredo, and 10 m. ENE of Bellinzona.

CAMAGUAN, a town of Venezuela, in the gov. of Apure, on the 1. bank of the Portuguesa, 15 m. above the junction of that river with the Apure, and 20 m. NNW of S. Fernando.

CAMAIRAGO, a village of Venetian Lombardy, in the prov. of Lodi and Crema, district and 5 m. ENE of Casal-Pusterlengo, and 14 m. SE of Lodi. Pop. 1,147.

CAMAJORE-DI-VERSILIA, a town in the duchy, and 12 m. NW of Lucca, on a small river of the same name. Pop. in 1888, 2,242. It possesses some manufactories of linen. Lint and silk are cultivated in the environs.

CAMALDOLI, or CAMPOMALDOLI, a monastery or hermitage of Tuscany, in the comp. of Arezzo, and parish of Moggiona, on a spur of the Apennines, of the same name, 9 m. N of Scia, at an alt. of about 1,200 ft. above sea-level. This monastery, called

CAMAPOAN. See CABAPUANA. CAMAPUAN, a river of Brazil, in the prov. of Mato-Grosso; rising to the S of the Serro-do-Sacco, and flowing 18 leagues through the district of C. to the Rio Coxim. It is navigable by canoes to some extent; and its banks are chiefly inhabited by Caiapos Indians. The district of C., which is very extensive, lies to the S of Paraguay, on the Chechuhe and the Iguarahi rivers. A great portion of the W half is annually submerged by the inundations of the Paraguay. The Serra Amambahy, running from N to S, divides the district into two parts. A considerable number of its streams appear to carry down aurifer-sits of shells which alternate with sand, and rest upon ous sand, and likewise yield precious stones. It is chiefly inhabited by Caiapos and Guiacurus. The facenda of C. is situated in S. lat. 19° 36′.