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and sent inland by a canal as far as Taunton. The quarter-sessions for the county are held at B. during the summer, and the county-assizes once in every two years.-This borough has returned two members to parliament since the 23° Edward I. Electors in 1842, 547; in 1847, 529. It is also a polling-place in the election of members for West Somerset.-B. was the birth-place of Admiral Blake. The Egerton family takes the title of Earl from Bridgwater.

ployed in trade and manufactures, the latter being | chiefly those of cloth, stockings, and iron tools. In 1838 there was a worsted mill here, employing 101 hands. The town derives its chief importance, however, from its situation on the Severn. It is a thriving inland port; and a large portion of its labouring class obtain employment in the navigation of the Severn; but the market and the retail trade with the neighbourhood afford the principal source of profit to the inhabitants. Vessels are built here, and grain and malt are ex- BRIDLINGTON, or BURLINGTON, formerly BRELported largely. Pop. of the p. in 1801, 4,408; in LINGTON, a parish in the E. R. of Yorkshire, 206 m. 1841, 6,198. Area 1,600 acres.-B. is a borough by N of London, and 12 m. NE of Great Driffield. It prescription, and has continued to return two mem- includes the towns of Bridlington and Bridlington bers to parliament since the time of Edward I. The Quay, the chapelry of Grindall, the townships of boundaries of the new parliamentary burgh have Buckton, Hilderthorpe, and Sowerby-with-Martin, been made to comprise the old borough of B., and and the hamlets of Easton and Specton. Area of p. the parishes of Quatford, Oldbury, Tasley, and Ast- 2,410 acres. Pop. in 1801, 3,773; in 1841, 6,070. ley-Abbots. Pop. of the parl. burgh 1,931. Electors in The town stands at the distance of half-a-mile from 1842-3, 833; in 1847, 793. B. is also a polling-place in the sea, on a fine bay which takes its name. It is the election of the members for the southern division of built on a gentle declivity, and consists chiefly of one Salop. The B. poor-law union comprehends 29 par-long narrow street. The town of B. Quay is situated ishes, embracing an area of 105 sq. m.; with a pop. on the shore, and is much frequented in the summerreturned in 1831 at 14,316; in 1841, 16,118. The season as a bathing-place. The harbour is formed average annual expenditure on the poor of this dis- by two piers, which, stretching into the sea 150 trict, during the three years preceding the forma-yards, form an agreeable promenade. The port is a tion of the union, was £5,900. Expenditure in 1838, member of the port of Hull. The number of vessels £3,374; in 1842, £3,825; in 1846, £3,655.-B. is a belonging to it was returned in 1848 at 48, of the place of great antiquity. It was originally called average burden of 155 tons. The tonnage inwards Brugia, Brug, or Bruges, and derived its name from in 1845 was 10,348 tons, in 223 vessels. B. is a polla bridge here erected over the Severn. In 1646, it ing-place in the election of members for the east ridsustained a desperate attack from the parliamentary ing of the county.-William of Newburgh, a wellforces, in the course of which a large portion of the known monkish historian, was a native of Bridlingtown was burnt to the ground. ton. In the churchyard is a tablet to the memory of Thomas Newman, who lived to the advanced age of 153.

BRIDGTON, a village, port-of-entry, and the cap. of Cumberland co., in the state of New Jersey, 68 m. SW of Trenton, on the Cohausey creek, 20 m. above its entrance into Delaware bay. On the W side of the creek are extensive iron-works. The shipping of the port amounted in 1840 to 14,171 tons.

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BRIDPORT, a port and market-town in the co. of Dorset, 134 m. WSW of London; 15 m. W by N of Dorchester; and 71 m. W of Southampton. Area of p. 250 acres. Pop. in 1801, 3,117; in 1841, 4,787. The town is situated on the river Brit, or Bride, which here falls into the sea, forming a harbour from which the town has taken its name. It mainly consists of three spacious and airy streets, well paved and lighted with gas, and containing several handsome houses. It is a place of considerable trade. number of vessels which entered inwards in 1845 was 232 16,457 tons; the number which cleared outwards, during the same period, was 139. The bor-harbour is good. The privilege of bonding and warehousing goods was extended to this port in 1832, and the customs establishment was made independent of that of Lyme. An extensive coastingtrade is conducted in coal and grain; hemp, flax, Wtallow, and timber are imported from Russia and the Baltic, and timber from Norway and America. Two special branches of manufacture have been carried on here for many years, and afford employment to many hundreds of the labouring class: the first is that of twine-lines and fishing-nets, which have always been regarded as the staple productions of the town. The second branch consists in the manufactures of sail-canvass and shoe-thread; it is an extensive one.-The municipal limits of B., now co-extensive with its parliamentary limits, comprise, in addition to the ancient borough, portions of the several parishes of Allington, Bradpole, Walditch, Bothenhampton, Burton-Bradstock, and Symondsbury. This town has returned two members to parliament from the 23° of Edward VI. Electors in 1842-3, 571; in 1847, 538. Pop. of parl. borough in 1841, 7,166.

BRIDGWATER, or BRIDGEWATER, a seaport and parish locally situated in the hund. of North-Petherton, Somersetshire, in the immediate vicinity of the Bristol and Exeter railway, which is carried across the river Parret, about of a m. above the town, by an arch of 100 ft. span, and by which it is distant 32 m. from Bristol. Area of p. 3,580 acres. Pop. in 1801, 3,634; in 1841, 10,449, of whom 9,899 were in the parl. borough. The limits of the ough for municipal purposes are co-extensive with those of the parish. The town stands on the river Parret, over which is an iron bridge of one arch, erected on the site of an ancient stone structure. The greater part of the town is situated on the side of the river; and it contains some good streets. It is a warehousing port, and possesses considerable trade, the river being navigable to the town for vessels of 200 tons burden, and as far as Langport and Taunton for barges and boats. The number of vessels which entered inwards in 1832 was 2,089, and the amount of custom-duties for the year ending 5th July, 1833, was £6,878. In 1847, 2,820 sailing vessels 141,111 tons, and 20 steam-vessels 984 tons, entered the port of B. coastwise, and 10 vessels = 3,254 tons entered from the colonies. The tonnage which cleared coastwise in the same year was 54,063 tons, and to the colonies 2,281 tons. The sailing vessels registered at the port on 31st December, 1848, were 51 under 50 tons, their total tonnage being 1,938 tons; and 67 above 50 tons, their total tonnage being 7,132 tons, with 1 steamer of only 15 tons. The foreign trade with the United States, BRIDPORT, a township of Addison co., in the Canada, and the West Indies, consists in the im-state of Vermont, U. S., on Lake Champlain, 79 m. portation of wine, hemp, tallow, and timber; but the SW of Montpelier. It is generally level, and its greater part of the vessels are employed coastwise; soil, which consists of clayey loam, is fertile. Pop. large quantities of coal are imported from Wales, in 1840, 1,480.

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BRIDPORT INLET, an indentation on the S side of Melville island, in N lat. 75°, W long. 109o. BRIDSTOW, a parish of Herefordshire, on the W bank of the Wye, 1 m. WNW of Ross. Area 1,870 acres. Pop. in 1841, 625.

cours afforded to the insurgents.-The dep. comprises 3 cant., viz., Brielle, Goede-reede, and Sommelsdyk. Pop. in 1832, 33,380. Area in bunders, each equal to 2:471143 English acres, 41,376, of which 22,615 bunders are arable, and 1,522 are under wood. Madder is extensively cultivated in the district.

BRIE, a commune of France, in the dep. of Illeet-Vilaine, cant. of Janzé. Pop. 1,035.-Also a district of France, in the ancient prov. of Champagne BRIENNE, or BRIENNE-LE-CHATEAU, a canton, and Isle-de-France, now comprised in the dep. of commune, and town of France, in the dep. of Aube, Seine-et-Marne, Aisne, and Marne-et-Aube. Brie-arrond. of Bar-sur-Aube.-The cant. comprises 28 Champenoise was divided into Haute-Brie, of which com., and in 1831 contained a pop. of 11,724.-The the cap. was Meaux; Basse-Brie, of which the cap. town is situated on the Aube, 17 m. NW of Barwas Provins, and which contained the towns of Se-sur-Aube, nearly adjacent to Brienne-la-Ville. Pop. zanne, Coulommiers, and Monterau; and Brie-Pou- 1,930. It contains a fine castle, built shortly before illeuse, of which the chief town was Château- the revolution excited by Lomenie de Brienne. It Thierry. Although proverbial for the badness of stands on an eminence, which commands the surits wines, Haute-Brie forms the richest grain-district rounding plain. The military school of B., which was in France. Brie-Française comprised the towns of Cor- celebrated for its having numbered Napoleon Buobeil, Brie-Comte-Robert, Lagny, Crecy, and Rosoy. naparte amongst its pupils, is now no longer in existence. There are here several manufactories of calico and hosiery, and a steel-work. The transit trade, which is considerable, consists chiefly in timber. In January 1814 this town was taken by the allied army, but again fell into the hands of the French. After the sanguinary battle of the Rothiere, it remained in the possession of the allies.

BRIEC, a canton and commune of France, in the dep. of Finistère, arrond. of Quimper. The cant. comprises 2 com., and in 1831 contained a pop. of 5,363. The village is 10 m. NNE of Quimper. Pop. 4,481.

BRIE-COMTE-ROBERT, or BRIE-SUR-YERES, a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of Seine-et-Marne, arrond, of Melun.-The cant. comprises 16 com., and in 1831 contained a pop. of 9,697.-The town and com. is situated near the r. bank of the Yeres, 12 m. NNW of Melun. Pop. 2,762. It contains a parish-church, founded in the 13th cent., and remarkable for the height of its tower; and has manufactories of hosiery, candles, pens, &c. It has an excellent grain-market, and three annual fairs. In the environs are freestone quarries and fine nursery gardens. B. was founded by Robert, count of Dreux.

BRIEDEL, a town of Prussia, in the regency and 30 m. SW of Coblentz, circle and 14 m. SW of Zell, on the r. bank of the Moselle. Pop. 837.

BRIE-DE-LA-ROUCHEFOUCAULD, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Charente, cant. of La Rouchefoucauld, 8 m. NNE of Angoulême. Pop. 2,054.

BRIEG, a town of Silesia, the cap. of a circle of the same name, in the regency and 28 m. SE of Breslau, on the 1. bank of the Oder, and at an alt. of 446 ft. above sea-level. Pop. in 1817, 9,942; in 1837, 10,947. It contains a fine ancient castle belonging to the counts of Brieg, 5 churches, a Lutheran college, with a library, 7 hospitals, a houseof-correction, a lunatic-asylum, and an arsenal. The fortifications of B. were destroyed by the French in 1807. It possesses manufactories of tobacco, chicory-coffee, starch, linen, cotton and woollen fabrics, hosiery, lace, and metal-buttons, and distilleries and wax-bleacheries. The cattle fairs held here are the most important in the province. -The circle of B. comprises a superficies of about 84 sq. m. and a pop. of 34,342. It produces grain, hops, madder, wine in small quantities, and hay.

BRIEG. See BRIG.

BRIENNE-LA-VILLE, or BRIENNE-LA-VIELLE, a commune and town of France, in the dep. of Aube, cant. and closely adjacent to Brienne-le-Chateau. Pop. 709.

BRIENNON, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Loire, cant. of Roanne. Pop. 1,167.

BRIENO, a town of Venetian Lombardy, 7 m. NNE of Como, and on the SW bank of the lake of that name.

BRIENON, BRINON, or BRINON-L'ARCHEVEQUE, a canton and commune of France, in the dep. of the Yonne, arrond. of Ivigny. The cant. comprises 11 com., and in 1831 possessed a pop. of 11,020. The village is near the Burgundy canal, 10 m. E of Ivigny. It possesses manufactories of linen, cloth, and other woollen fabrics, and has an active commerce in timber, charcoal, and grain.

BRIENZ, a parish and town of Switzerland, in the cant. and 30 m. ESE of Bern, and bail. of Interlachen, at the base of the Brienzer-Grat, a steep mountain ridge, which rises to the height of 7,335 ft., and at the NE extremity of the lake to which it gives its name. Alt. of town above sea-level, 3,705 ft. Pop. 3,102, Reformed. It contains a fine church, built in the 13th cent., and is celebrated for its cheese and plums. Wooden ware is extensively manufactured from maple-wood, in the town and neighbourhood.

BRIENZA, a town of Naples, in the prov. of Basilicate, dist. and 15 m. SW of Potenza, in a valley of the Madalena mountains. It contains 2 churches. Pop. 4,167.

BRIENZER-SEE, a lake of Switzerland, in the cant. of Bern, chiefly formed by an expansion of the Aar, at the extremity of the valley of the Hasli, and 3 m. ENE of the Thuner-see. It is 10 m. in Hol-length and 2 m. in breadth. Its average depth is 300 ft. It is generally easily navigated, but the strong current of the Aar renders two boatmen necessary. Lofty mountains surround it on all sides, those on the S, forming the Brienzer - Grat, are nearly precipitous-rising abruptly from the water, and tinted with a variety of vivid colours. [Bakewell.] From these declivities numerous torrents descend in beautiful cascades, forming what is called the Giessbach. The lake abounds with fish, of which one species, locally named brienzling, forms, in a salted state, an important article of commerce, and is said to exceed in flavour the sardine.

BRIELLE, BRIEL, or LA BRILLE, a town of land, a canton and the cap. of a dep. of the same name, in the prov. of S Holland, consisting of the islands of Voorne and Patten. The town is on the 1. bank of the estuary of the Meuse, 14 m. W of Rotterdam. Pop. 3,700. It is well and handsomely built, and is strongly fortified. It has a good port, and possesses an active trade, chiefly in fish.-This town is famous for having been the cradle of the liberty of the United provinces. It was the first place of which possession was obtained by the Dutch refugees in 1572. In 1585, it was ceded, with other towns, to Queen Elizabeth, in security for the suc

BRIER, an island of Nova Scotia, forming the | erected into the bishopric, which it now forms, in the N point of the entrance to St. Mary's bay. 9th cent.

BRIER CREEK, a township of Columbia co., in the state of Pennsylvania, U. S., 94 m. N of Harrisburg. Pop. in 1840, 1,905.

BRIERCLIFFE, or BRERECLEVE, a chapelry in the p. of Whalley, Lancashire. Area 1,630 acres. Pop. in 1841, 10,699.

BRIERDEAN, or BURRADON, a township in the p. of Earsdon, Northumberland, 63 m. NNE of castle, near the coast. Pop. in 1841, 97.

BRIEULLES-SUR-MEUSE, a commune of France, in the dep. of and on the Meuse, cant. of Dun-sur-Meuse. Pop. 1,002.

BRIEY, an arrondissement, canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of the Moselle.-The arrond. comprises an area of 118,554 hectares; and contains 5 cant., viz.: Audun-le-Roman, B., ConNew-flans, Longuyon, and Longwy. Pop. in 1831, 60,005; in 1836, 62,946.-The cant. comprises 24 com., and in 1831 contained a pop. of 10,727. The town stands on the brow of a defile on a rivulet, an affluent of the Ornes, 15 m. NW of Metz. Pop. in 1789, 1,508; in 1821, 1,627; in 1831, 1,755; and in 1836, 1,730. It has a printing-press, manufactories of cotton and linen fabrics, tanneries, dyeworks, a paper-mill, brew57'eries, and oil-mills.

BRIERLEY, a township in the p. of Felkirk, W. R. of Yorkshire, 5 m. NE of Barnesley, and near the York and N Midland railway. Area 2,610 acres. Pop. in 1841, 491.-Also a township in the p. of Leominster, Herefordshire. Pop. in 1841, 89. BRIERLY (POINT), a headland on the E coast of Australia, in S lat. 37° 6' 40", E long. 149° 42".-Stokes.

BRIES, BRIESEN, or BREZNO-BANYA, a free town of Hungary, in the com. of Sohl, on the r. bank of the Gran, 30 m. NE of Alt Sohl, and 35 m. ENE of Neu Sohl. Pop. 3,827. It contains a Lutheran church, a college, and a gymnasium. The rearing of cattle, sheep, and bees, and the manufacture of cheese, form the chief industry of the inhabitants. Freestone is found in the environs.

BRIESEN, or BRZYZNO, a town of Prussia, in the prov. of W Prussia, regency and 32 m. S of Marienwerder, circle and 22 m. ESE of Culm, on a branch of the Ossa. Pop. in 1837. 1,390. It possesses a castle and a Catholic church.

BRIESNITZ, a village of Saxony, in the circle and 3 m. WNW of Dresden, on the 1. bank of the Elbe. Pop. 224. It contains a church of curious structure, built in the 12th century.

BRIE-SUR-CHALAIS, a commune of France, in the dep. of Charente, cant. of Chalais. Pop. 1,551. BRIETZEN (TREUEN). See TREUENBRIET

ZEN.

BRIEUC (SAINT), an arrondissement, canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of Côtes-duNord. The arrond. comprises an area of 139,954 hectares; and contains 11 cant., viz.: St. B., Châtelaudren, Etables, Lambelle, Lanvollon, Moncontour, Paimpol, Pleneuf, Ploeuc, Plouha, and Quintin. Pop. in 1831, 171,730; in 1836, 174,178; in 1846, 177,822. The cant. comprises 13 com., and in 1831 contained a pop. of 38,847.-The com. and town is situated in a mountainous but fertile district, on the S bank of the Gouet, 24 m. from the entrance of that river into the bay of Brieuc, in N lat. 48° 30′ 53′′, and W long. 2° 46'. Pop. in 1789, 6,500; in 1821, 9,951 ; in 1831, 10,420; in 1836, 11,382; in 1846, 11,727. It is well and regularly built; and possesses four fine public squares, a cathedral built in the 13th century, an ancient convent surrounded by handsome gardens, a public library containing 24,000 volumes, 3 printing presses, a communal college, a diocesan seminary, a hydrographical school, an agricultural institution, a museum of paintings, a theatre, and a general hospital. The only remains of antiquity which it now possesses are a druidical temple; and within its area a Roman way, and 3 temples dedicated to Mars. The Gouet is here crossed by a fine bridge, built of granite from the adjacent quarries. B. possesses manufactories of linen and woollen fabrics, extensive tanneries, rope-works, paper-mills, wax-works, a brewery, and a cotton spinning-mill; and has an important maritime commerce consisting in corn, butter, cider, cod-fish, yarn. and articles of local manufacture. The port of B., which is at the village of Legue, about a mile nearer the sea, admits vessels of 500 tons burthen. Fairs are held at B. six times a-year. This town is of great antiquity, and was

BRIFFONS, a commune of France, in the dep. of Puy-de-Dôme, cant. of Bourg-Lastic. Pop. 1,027. BRIG, BRIGG, BRIEG, or BRYG, a parish and town of Switzerland, cap. of a district of the same name, in the cant. of Valais. It is deeply seated amid enormous mountains, on the 1. bank of the Rhone, at the junction of the Soltina, and near the entrance of the Simplon pass, 30 m. ENE of Sion, and 20 m. NW of Domo d'Ossola, at an alt. of 2,328 ft. above sea-level, and 40 m. from the source of the Rhone. Pop. 751 (Catholic). The houses are well-built, but have a gloomy and prison-like appearance. It contains two handsome squares, a cathedral, 2 convents, a Jesuit's college, and a castle of semi-Gothic structure, flanked with 4 lofty square towers. B., seen from the summit of the descent of the Simplon, appears almost within rifle-shot, though six hours drive from the spot. [Headley.] The transit trade of B. was at one time considerable, and it possessed sev eral Italian banking establishments. In 1755 this town was to a great extent destroyed by an earthquake; and, in 1798 and 1799, it suffered greatly from the ravages of war. On the 11th May, in the latter year, it was occupied by the Austrians on route from the Simplon. The surrounding district is extremely fertile, and notwithstanding its alt., is remarkable for its mildness, admitting of the culture of the vine and other southern fruits.-About 3 m. W of B. is the village of Briger-Bad, celebrated for its thermal springs and baths of a temp. of 86°. The dizain of B. is divided into 8 parishes, and contains 2,908 inhabitants. BRIGA-DI-SOSPELLO (LA), a town of Sardinia, in the prov. and 31 m. NE of Nice, on the 1. bank of the Livenza. Pop. 3,000. It has a castle and a collegiate church, and possesses an active commerce in cattle, wax, and honey.

BRIGANTINE, or BERGANTIN, a rugged chain of mountains in the republic of Venezuela, forming with the Cocollar the Sierra de los Tageres. Alt. 4,400 ft.

BRIGHAM, a parish and township of Cumberland, 2 m. W of Cockermouth, on a rising ground, on the S bank of the Derwent. Area 22,580 acres. Pop. in 1841, 7,397. Pop. of township 490.-Also a township in the p. of Foston-upon-Wolds, E. R. of Yorkshire, 4 m. SE of Great Driffield, and intersected by a canal which communicates with Hull. Area 1,470 acres. Pop. in 1841, 147.

BRIGHAM. See BIRGHAM.

BRIGHT, a parish of co. Down, 3 m. SE of Downpatrick. Area 5,5444 acres. Pop. in 1841, 1,886. BRIGHT (CAPE), a promontory on the coast of E or Old Greenland between Gale Hawkes and Kates bays, in N lat. 70°, and W long. 20o.

BRIGHTHAMPTON, or BUTTENDON, a hamlet in the p. of Bampton, Oxfordshire, 44 m. SE of Witney. Area 410 acres. Pop. in 1841, 120. BRIGHTHELMSTONE. See BRIGHTON.

BRIGHTLING, a parish of Sussex, 4 m. WSW of Robert's-Bridge. Area 3,390 acres. Pop. in 1841, 692. BRIGHTLINGSEA, a parish of Essex, 73 m. SSE of Colchester, stretching peninsularly between the Colne on the W, and Brightlingsea creek on the S. Area 2,890 acres. Pop. in 1841, 2,055.

BRIGHTON, a seaport, market-town, and parish, in Sussex, 51 m. S of London, and 6 m. E of New Shoreham. Its Saxon name is Brighthelmstun, in Domes-day-book written Bristelmestune; it is now generally contracted into Brighton. Area of p. 1,980

acres.

paving weighing upwards of 200 tons. At the land-end the main chains are carried over a pier of masonry, and through two tunnels cut in the cliff, and secured, in a brick chamber, to massive stones. Steam-packets sail from hence, or rather from Shore. ham harbour, with which B. is connected by a railway 5 m. in length, to Dieppe,-a voyage of about 83 m., and usually performed in from 7 to 9 hours.

London and Brighton railroad.] Four different lines of railroad, between London and B., have been projected. The line now executed starts upon the Greenwich line at London bridge, on which it runs for 14 m. It then takes the Croydon line until about 9 m. from town, and 1 m. from Croydon, where it turns off to the left, and skirts the eastern boundary of the town. From this point it gradually approaches the turnpike-road to B. for 1} m., and keeps closely to the east of the road, until 25 m. by railway from town, where it crosses and leaves the road sometimes a mile or more to the east of it, crossing from Surrey to Sussex at 28 m. from town, and going by Haslick-mill, Pound-hill, Greentrees, Cooper- corner, until it recrosses the road, 34 m. from town, at the Balcombe station. It now makes a considerable detour to the E of the road--in one place nearly 2 m. from it-passing by Muster-green, and Burgess-hill, and not meeting the road again until it reaches Piecomb, 46 m. from London. It then crosses to the W, and keeps close to the road to B., which it enters near the old church, 51 m. from town. The stations are the Croydon, 10} m. from London; Stoats-Nest, 144; Merstham, 20; Reigate, Nutfield, and Bletchingley, 21 at the Somers' Arms, Red-hill; Horley, 25; Horsham and Crawley, 291: Balcombe, 34}; Cuckfield, 38; St. John's Common, 413; and Hurst, Ditching, and Lewes, 44 m. There are five tunnels on the line, viz., Merstham, 1.800 yards long; Balcombe, 1,120; Hayward's heath, 220; Clayton, 2,200; and Patcham, 480 yards long. Excepting the incline on the Croydon line, there is no gradient of more than 20 ft. a mile. -A railway extends from B. to Hastings, 244 m. in length; and another to Portsmouth, 45 m in length.

The town is situated at the bottom or centre of a bay of the English channel, stretching from Beechyhead to Selsea-bill. From the N and NE winds it is sheltered by the semicircular chalk range of the South-downs, which are easy of access, and command extensive views of the finely wooded weald of Sussex and the isle of Wight. The climate of B. and its vicinity is mild, from its southern aspect, and the shelter afforded by the downs; yet it is rendered refreshing and bracing by an almost continual seabreeze. The town covers a considerable space of ground, presenting a sea-frontage of nearly 3 m. in extent; and consists for the most part of spacious streets intersecting each other at right angles, lighted with gas, and well-paved. It is divided into two nearly equal portions by an open space extending Population, &c.] The pop. in 1801 was 7,339; in the whole length of the valley from the entrance 1831, 40,634; in 1841, 46,730: but this number is from London to the sea, and varying from 50 to 100 greatly increased at certain seasons by the influx of yards in width. The older part of the town is chiefly visitors. Number of houses in 1770, 598; in 1831, situated to the W of the Steyne, which forms a beau- 7,798; in 1841, 8,137. Annual value of property tiful lawn, and from which the E and W cliffs rise rated to poor rate in 1847, £258,092. Amount of with a gentle ascent. On the N part, called the Old rate, £19,852. The town occupies one-third of the Steyne, is a fine statue of George IV., executed by superficies; the rest is chiefly down-pasture. The Chantry. On the eastern cliff are the royal crescent, town is governed by a chief-constable, and 12 headthe Marine parade, Pavilion parade, and other fine boroughs.-The borough, comprising the parishes of ranges of buildings; and still farther to the E Kemp- Brighthelmstone and Hove, now returns two memtown, which consists of three sides of a quadrangle,bers to parliament. Pop. of parl. borough in 1841, enclosing spacious pleasure-grounds which commu- 48,567. The number of electors on the register for nicate with the beach. The sea-wall affords a mag- 1835-6 was 1,998; for 1839-40, 2,533; for 1847, nificent and unequalled promenade. On the W cliff 2,776. are Cannon-place, Bedford-square, Regency-square, Brunswick terrace, and Adelaide terrace, with an extensive esplanade much resorted to as a fashionable promenade. On this point of the coast is a battery mounting six 42 pounders.-The Pavilion, a palace erected by George IV., and for a long time his favourite residence, begun in 1784, and, after many additions and alterations, finally completed in 1827, in the form of the celebrated palace of the Kremlin at Moscow, has been recently dismantled. Connected with this structure were extensive pleasure-grounds, a suite of stables in the Arabian style, and a chapel capable of accommodating 1,000 persons. It is understood that the commissioners of woods and forests are about [1849] to sell the pavilion. with all its adjuncts, to the town of B., for £53,000; and that the extensive lawns are to be converted into public promenades, and the larger rooms of the pavilion into concert, lecture, and assembly rooms.-There are several public libraries, and a handsome theatre, in the town. The Sussex Scientific and Literary institution was founded here in 1836. Races are held in August, on the neighbouring downs. The town-hall is a handsome Grecian building, 144 ft. in length; erected at an expense of £30,000.

Suspension Chain-pier.] A suspension chain-pier affords great facilities for the landing and embarkation of passengers, as well as an agreeable promenade. This work, begun in October 1822, under the superintendence of Captain Brown, was finished in November, 1823. It extends 1,014 ft. into the sea, from the front of the esplanade wall. The entire length is 1,136 ft.; and is divided into four spans of 225 ft. each. The platform is 13 ft. broad. There are eight main chains carried over pyramidal cast-iron frames 25 ft. high, resting on piles; the extreme pile at the head of the pier is spread out laterally, and is covered with granite

History.] It has been conjectured that B. was a Roman station; some suppose it to have been the place at which Cæsar landed. Within the period of accurate history, it was a mere fishing village, which, having been often plundered by the French, was at length fortified with walls and batteries. The sea has made considerable inroads on the coast here, especially in 1665 and 1705; and a considerable disintegration of the cliff is still taking place repute as a watering place in the reign of George II, when r. at the E end of the parish. The town was first brought into Russel began to recommend the use of sea-bathing for various disorders. His late majesty, George IV., displayed a strong partiality for it.

BRIGHTON, a township of Somerset co., in the state of Maine, U. S., 57 m. N of Augusta. Pop. in 1840, 803.-Also a township of Middlesex co., in the state of Massachusetts, 5 m. W of Boston. It is watered on the N by Charles river, and possesses a rich but badly cultivated soil. Its cattle-market is the most important in the district. Pop. 1,425.Also a township of Essex co., in the state of Vermont. Pop. 157.-Also a township of Monroe co., in the state of New York, 8 m. E of Rochester, and 217 m. NW of Albany. It is generally hilly; and is watered by the Genessee and several small streams which fall into Irondequot bay. Its soil consists of sand and clayey loam. Pop. 2,336.-Also a village of Beaver co., in the state of Pennsylvania, on the W bank of the Big Beaver, opposite New Brighton, with which it is connected by a bridge 500 ft. in length, 4 m. from the Ohio, and 231 m. NW of Harrisburg. Pop. 902.-Also a township of Lorain co., in the state of Ohio, 105 m. NE of Columbus. Pop. 299.-Also a township of Livingston co., in the state of Michigan, 42 m. NW of Detroit, drained by branches of the Huron. Pop. 786.-Also a village of Macoupin

co., in the state of Illinois, 12 m. N of Alton, containing about 15 families.

BRIGHTON, a town of Van Diemen's land, in Richmond co., at the confluence of the Strathallan with the Jordan, 13 m. NNW of Hobart Town.

BRIGHTSIDE BIERLOW, or BIERLEY, a township in the p. of Sheffield, W. R. of Yorkshire, 3 m. NE of Sheffield, and intersected by the Sheffield branch of the York and N Midland railway. Area 2,690 acres. Pop. in 1841, 10,089.

BRIGHT WALTHAM. See WALTHAM-BRIGHT. BRIGHTWELL, a parish of Berks, 24 m. WNW of Wallingford, near the Great Western railway. Area 1,680 acres. Pop. in 1841, 611.-Also a p. of Suffolk, 5 m. SW of Ipswich. Area 510 acres. Pop. in 1841, 81.

BRIHUEGA, a town of Spain, in New Castile, cap. of a judicial partido, in the prov. and 20 m. ENE of Guadalaxara, on the r. bank of the Tajuna. Pop. 2,000. It is surrounded by walls, and has an old castle. It is the entrepot of the royal cloth manufactory of Guadalaxara, and has a considerable trade in wool.-General Stanhope and all the rear-guard of the army of the allies, were here made prisoners by the Duc de Vendome, in 1710.

BRIJGY, a town of Afghanistan, on the r. bank of the Gomul, 65 m. SSE of Ghizni.

BRILL, anciently BRENULL, a parish of Buckinghamshire, 7 m. NNW of Thame. Area 2,600 acres. Pop. in 1841, 1,449.

BRILL, a bank of rocks near the SE extremity of the strait of Macassar, in the Asiatic archipelago, in lat. 6°, E long. 118° 50′.

BRIGHTWELL-BALDWIN, a parish of Oxford-S shire, 14 m. W of Watlington. Area 1,660 acres. Pop. in 1841, 312.

BRIGHTWELL (PRIOR'S), a chapelry in the p. of Newington, Oxfordshire, 6 m. SSW of Tetsworth. Pop. in 1841, 52.

BRIGNAC, a commune of France, in the dep. of Correze, cant. of Ayen. Pop. 1,127.

BRIGNAIS, a commune and town of France, in the dep. of the Rhone, cant. of Saint-Genis-Laval, on the Garon, 9 m. SSW of Lyon. Pop. 1,679. It possesses a considerable trade in cattle. In the outskirts are the remains of ancient aqueducts supposed to be of Roman structure. The surrounding district produces wine, and is adorned with numerous some villas.

BRILLAC, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Charente, cant. and 7 m. NE of Confolens. Pop. 1,598.

BRILLANE (LA), a commune of France, in the dep. of the Basses-Alpes, cant. of Peyruis. Pop. 252.

BRILLE (LA). See BRIELLE.

BRILLEY, a parish of Herefordshire, 53 m. NNE of Hay. Area 4,250 acres. Pop. in 1841, 587.

BRILLON, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Meuse, cant, of Ancerville, 6 m. from Bar-leDuc. Pop. 873. It possesses distilleries of kirschwasser, and has a considerable trade in timber. The hand-environs contain iron and fine freestone.

BRIGNALL, a parish in the N. R. of Yorkshire, 34 m. SSE of Bernard Castle. Area 1,910 acres. Pop. in 1841, 190.

BRIGNANO, a village of Venetian Lombardy, in the prov. and 11 m. S of Bergamo, district and 5 m. NE of Triviglio. Pop. 3,000. It has manufactories of linen, and several silk spinning-mills.

BRIGNOLES, an arrondissement, canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of Var.-The arrond. comprises an area of 202,907 hectares; and contains 8 cant., viz., Barjols, Besse, B., Cotignac, Saint-Maximim, Rians, Roquebrussanne, and Tavernes. Pop. in 1831, 71,062; in 1846, 68,857.-The cant. comprises 6 com., and in 1831 possessed a pop. of 12,691. The town is situated on the Calami, in a fertile valley, amid finely wooded mountains, 23 m. NNE of Toulon, and 24 m. WSW of Draguignan. Pop. in 1789, 5,148; in 1821, 5,848; in 1831, 5,940; and in 1846, 5,365. It is well-built; and contains several fine public fountains, a normal school, a small public library, and a printing-press, and has an agricultural institute and a chamber of commerce. It possesses manufactories of organsine silk and wax-candles, and important tanneries. Fruits, and especially plums, olive-oil, brandy, and liqueurs, form the chief articles of commerce. A fair is held annually in April.-B. was taken by the Spaniards in 1524. BRIGNON (LE), a commune of France, in the dep. of the Haute-Loire, cant. of Solignac-sur-Loire. Pop. 1,394.

BRIGSLEY, a parish of Lincolnshire, 5 m. S of Great Grimsby. Area 860 acres. Pop. in 1841, 125. BRIGSTOCK, a parish of Northamptonshire, 73 m. NE of Kettering. Area 5,900 acres. Pop. in 1841, 1,262.

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BRILLOUET. See ST. ETIENNE-DE-BRILLouet. BRILON, or BRILLON, a town of Prussia, in the prov. of Westphalia, cap. of a circle of the same name, in the regency and 23 m. E of Arnsberg. Pop. in 1837, 3,242. It contains 2 churches, one of which was founded in 776 by Charlemagne, a college, a Catholic gymnasium, and an hospital; and possesses manufactories of linen, brass, and iron-ware. In the environs are mines of argentiferous lead, copper, zine, calamine, and iron. This town was formerly the entrepot of the Hanseatic league.-The circle of B. comprises a superficies of 114 m.; and had a pop. in 1831 of 32,759, of whom 31,387 were Catholics.

BRIMFIELD, a parish in Herefordshire, 43 m. W of Tenbury. Area 1,880 acres. Pop. in 1841, 591. BRIMFIELD, a township of Hampden co., in the state of Massachusetts, U. S., 68 m. SW of Boston. It is watered by the Chicopee and Quinebaug rivers, and is well cultivated. Pop. in 1840, 1,419.-Also a township of Portage co., in the state of Ohio, 10 m. SW of Ravenna. It is fertile, and well cultivated. Pop. 1,153.

BRIMINGTON, a chapelry in the p. of Chesterfield, Derbyshire, 2 m. NE of Chesterfield, near the N Midland railroad and the Chesterfield canal. Pop. in 1841, 780.

BRIMPSFIELD, a parish in Gloucestershire, 5 m. ENE of Painswick. Area 2,240 acres. Pop. in 1841, 417.

BRIMPTON, a parish of Berks, 6 m. ESE of Newbury. Arca 1,900 acres. Pop. in 1841, 412.Also a p. in Somerset, 2 m. WSW of Yeovil. Area 860 acres. Pop. in 1841, 25.

BRIMSTAGE, a township in the p. of Bromborough, Cheshire, 34 m. NE of Great Neston. Area 1,050 acres. Pop. in 1841, 161.

BRIMSTONE HILL, an eminence near the W

the E of Fort Charles.

BRIGUEIL, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Charente, cant. and 10 m. SE of Confolens. Pop.coast of the island of St. Christopher, West Indies, to 2,200. It has a porcelain manufactory, and an extensive trade in pigs, which are fed in great numbers in the adjacent forest. Fairs are held once a-month. BRIGUEIL-LE-CHANTRE, a commune of France, in the dep. of Vienne, cant. of La Trimouille. Pop. 1,164.

BRIMSTONE ISLAND, a small rocky island seen by Captain Thayer in 1825, in the Pacific, in S S lat. 30° 14', and W long. 178° 55'. It was composed wholly of a blackish lava, destitute of vegetation, and rising but a few feet above the surface of

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