apportions to each individual his share. A Greek collector is then despatched to every one of the 12 districts of the island, in company with a Turkish officer, who settles disputes and punishes such as are dilatory in making their payments. Turks contribute to the state less than Christians, whose average impost is 150 piastres, or 30s. annually for each male.-C. is divided into an archiepiscopal and three episcopal sees. On the death of the archb. the prelates elect a successor subject to the approval of the sultan; but the primate nominates his suffragans without reference to the Porte. He is at once the ecclesiastical head of the people and their political representative with whom the government transacts all public business; so that he is independent of the patriarch at Constantinople, except in matters of doctrine and the usages of the church. Mr. Elliott states that the present archb. has formed a Hellenic class for 40 youths, and established 4 Lancasterian schools containing 200 scholars. Other children are taught according to the old system, by the clergy in the monasteries and the shopkeepers at their stalls. Jews are not tolerated in C.; and the Turks are in so small a minority that they are very lax in their religious duties and give little offence by an absurd assumption of superiority. The number of adult males liable to taxation is estimated at 15,000 Greeks and 5,000 Turks. There is no standing army; but the whole Turkish pop. is called out, in case of necessity, either to meet a foreign foe or to quell insurrection among the Greeks at home; which, however, is of rare occurrence, as the Christians are almost universally disarmed.

Cyprus has been successively subjected by the Persians, Macedonians, Egyptians, and Romans. During the time of the crusades, it was conquered by Richard of England, the lion-hearted, and given by him to Guy-de-Lusignan, titular king of Jerusalem, as an indemnity for the loss of that place. The heiress of that House resigned it to the Venetians in A.D. 1473. From them the Turks, in whose hands it still remains, took it in 1570.

Towns.] The cap. of the whole island is Nicotia, which is situated in a noble plain bounded by lofty mountains, near the centre of the island. It stands on the site of the ancient Tamasis.-Larnica, near the ancient Citium, is the second town in the island, the emporium of its commerce, and the abode of all the foreign consuls.-Famagosta, on the SE coast, memorable for its brave defence in 1570, is now reduced to a mere village. It stands near the ruins of Constantia, a celebrated city under the reign of the Lusignan princes.-The ancient Salamis, once the chief city of the whole island, has long ceased to exist, an inundation of the sea having swept it away. -Cerini, the ancient Cerinia, on the N coast, has only 200 inhabitants.

CYR (SAINT), a commune of France, in the dep. of the Seine-et-Marne, cant. of Rebais. Pop. 1,402. ---Also a commune in the dep. of the Seine-et-Oise, eant. and 3 m. W of Versailles. Pop. in 1841, 1,718. The abbey founded here by Mad. Maintenon is now used as a military school.-Also a commune in the dep. of the Var, cant. of Le Beausset. Pop. 1,768. It is noted for its wine.-Also a commune in the dep. of the Haute-Vienne, cant. of Saint-Laurentsur-Gorre. Pop. 1,251.-Also a commune in the dep. of the Indre-et-Loire, cant. of Tours. Pop. 1,434. It affords good wine.

CYR-DU-BAILLEUL (SAINT), a commune of France, in the dep. of the Manche, cant. of Barenton. Pop. 2,501.

CYR-SUR-MEUTHON (SAINT), a commune of France, in the dep. of the Ain, cant. of Pont-deVeyle. Pop. 1,232.

CYR-AU-MONT-D'OR (SAINT), a commune of France, in the dep. of the Rhône, cant. of Limonest, near the r. bank of the Rhône, 3 m. N of Lyons. Pop. 1,833.

CYR-EN-PAIL (SAINT), a commune of France, in the dep. of Mayenne, cant. of Prez-en-Pail. Pop. 1,396. CYR-DU-RONCEREY (SAINT), a commune of France, in the dep. of Calvados, cant. of Orbec. Pop. 4,453.

CYR-LA-ROSIE'RE, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Orne, cant. of Nocé. Pop. 1,189. CYR-LES-VIGNES (SAINT), a commune of France, in the dep. of the Loire, cant. of Feurs. Pop. 1,001. It has manufactures of muslin and brocades. CYRIASBURG. See Erfurt.

CYRUS (ST.), or ECCLESCRAIG, a parish of Kincardineshire, 5 m. in length, and 3 m. in breadth, bounded on the E by the German ocean, and on the S and SW by the North Esk. Pop. 1,600. It contains a village of the same name, 5 m. NNE of Montrose. Pop. 207.

CYSOING, a canton and commune of France, in the dep. of the Nord, arrond. of Lille. The cant. comprises 14 com. Pop. in 1831, 16,220; in 1841, 17,635.-The village is 10 m. SE of Lille. Pop. in 1846, 2,746. It has manufactories of calico and of saltpetre, and a cotton spinning-mill.

CYSZEVO, a village of Poland, in the woiwodie of Plock, obwodie of Ostrolenka. Pop. 391, of whom 263 are Jews. It has a church and a synagogue.

CZACHRAU, a town of Bohemia, in the circle and 10 m. S of Klattau, on a ramification of the Bohmerwald-gebirg.

CZARKOW, a village of Prussia, in the prov. of Silesia, regency of Oppeln, and circle of the Pleiss. It has a ferruginous spring and baths.

CZARKOWICE, a village of Poland, in the obvod of Kielce. It has numerous sulphureous springs and extensive sulphur works.

CZARKOWKI, a town of Poland, in the voivode and 50 m. WSW of Sandomirz, on the r. bank of the Nida, 3 m. above the confluence of that river with the Vistula.

CZARNA, a village of Poland, in the voivode of Sandomirz, 10 m. E of Radom.-Also a river in the voivode of Krakow, which unites with the Vistula, 26 m. SW of Sandomirz.-Also an affluent of the Pilica, in the voivode of Sandomirz.

CZARNI, a river of Poland, in the voivode of Sandomirz, which unites with the Pilica, 10 m. WNW of Zarnow.

CZARNIKOW, KZARNIKAU, or ZARNIKOW, a town of Prussia, cap. of a circle of the same name, in the prov. and 40 m. NNW of Posen, regency and 66 m. WSW of Bromberg, on the 1. bank of the Netz. Pop. in 1843, 3,500. It has a collegiate, a Lutheran, and 2 Catholic churches; and possesses manufactories of cloth, linen, and lace. The circle of C. contains 29,068 inhabitants.

CZARNI LAS, a village of Poland, in the voivode of Sandomirz, 20 m. E of Radom.

CZARNOLOSZCE, a town of Galicia, in the circle and 10 m. SE of Stanislawow, on an affluent of the Bistrica.

CZARNOW, or ZARNOW, a village of Poland, in the voivode of Krakow, obvod and 2 m. W of Kielce, consisting of about 64 houses. On the summit of an adjacent mountain is a mine of lead.

CZARNOWANZ, a village of Silesia, in the regency, circle, and 4 m. NNW of Oppeln, on the 1. bank of the Malapane, 2 m. above its confluence with the Oder. Pop. 530. It has some iron-works.

CZARNOWO, a village of Poland, in the voivode and 90 m. ENE of Plock, and 16 m. S of

Ostrolenka, on the 1. bank of the Orz, an affluent of the Narew. It is noted for a battle which took place here in 1806, between the French and Russians.

CZARNYLAS, or SCHWARZWALD, a village of Poland, in the voivode of Sandomirz, obvod of Radom. Pop. 800.

CZARODA, a river of Hungary, in the comitat of Beregh, an affluent of the Latoriza.

CZASLAU, a circle or administrative prov. and town of Bohemia. The circle comprises an area of 1,260 sq. m.; bounded on the NE and E by the circle of Chrudim, on the NW and W by that of Kaurzim, on the SW by the circle of Tabor, and on the SE by Moravia. Pop. in 1837, 247,087; in 1833, 239,102. The Moravian mountains intersect it in the SE, and give rise to the Dobrawa, Sawawa, and several other rivers which form affluents of the Moldau and Elbe. The higher lands are covered with wood; the lower are extremely fertile, producing grain, lint, &c., and affording excellent pasturage. Gold, silver, iron, saltpetre, and precious stones-especially garnetsare found in some districts. Game is everywhere plentiful, and the rivers abound with fish. The manufacture of cotton and coarse woollen fabrics, and of paper, form, in addition to agriculture and the working of the mines, the chief objects of local industry. The circle is divided into 9 towns and 77 dominiums or seignories, comprising cities, 35 towns, and 840 villages.-The capital, of the same name, is 45 m. ESE of Prague, in N lat. 49° 51′ 49′′, and E long. 15° 25'. Pop. in 1833, 3,316. It has a church remarkable for the height of its tower, and enclosing the tomb of J. Chival-von-Trocznow-commonly called Zisca-the celebrated leader of the Hussites; and possesses extensive saltpetre works.

CZASTALOWITZ, a town of Bohemia, in the circle and 19 m. ESE of Königgrätz, on the WildeAdler. It contains a castle, and about 102 houses. CZCHOW, a village of Galicia, in the gov. of Lemberg, circle and 16 m. SE of Bochnia, on the r. bank of the Dunaiec.

CZECH, or CECHY, a village of Moravia, in the gov. of Brünn, circle and 15 m. WSW of Olmutz. Pop. 816.

CZECZOWITZ, a village of Bohemia, in the circle and 20 m. NW of Klattau, and 6 m. N of Teinitz. It has a mineral spring.

CZEG (KIS and NAGY), villages of Transylvania, in the gsp. of Kolos. The former has an excellent alkaline spring.

CZEGE, or CSEGE, a town of Transylvania, in the district of Doboka, on the lake Czege or Hodos, which discharges itself by an outlet which falls into the Szamos, about 2 m. above Szamos Ujvar.

CZEGKOW, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Tabor. It has a fine glass-work.

CZEGLED, a town of Hungary, in the comitat and 45 m. SE of Pest, district and 21 m. NNE of Ketskemet. Pop. 14,662, of whom the half are Protestants. It contains 2 churches, a Catholic and a Protestant. The environs afford good wine.

CZEIKOWITZ, a town of Moravia, in the circle and 31 m. SE of Brunn, and 8 m. NE of Kostel. Pop. 1,320. It has a castle.

ČZEITSCH, CZEIZ, or TSCHEITSCH, a town of Moravia, in the circle and 27 m. SE of Brunn, and 12 m. NW of Goding. Pop. 363. In the environs is a lake of the same name, the waters of which are strongly impregnated with sulphur, nitre, and bi

tumen.

CZEKIN, a village of Moravia, in the gov. of Brunn, circle and 3 m. N of Prerau, and 11 m. SSW of Weisskirch, on the Oleschintzabach. Pop. in 1834, 301.

CZELADNA, a village of Moravia, in the gov. of Brunn, and circle of Prerau, near the source of the Ostrawitza. Pop. in 1834, 1,657. In the vicinity are important iron-mines and works.

CZELADZ, a town of Poland, in the gov. and 43 m. WNW of Krakow, obvod of Olkusz, on the 1. bank of the Brinica, which here forms the Prussian boundary.

CZELAKOWITZ, a town of Bohemia, in the circle and 18 m. NW of Kaurzim, and 18 m. ENE of Prague, on the Elbe.

CZELECHOW, CECICHOW, or SIECIECHOW, a town of Poland, in the voivode and 60 m. N of Sandomirz, in the obvod and 29 m. ENE of Radom, near the 1. bank of the Vistula. It contains an ancient Benedictine abbey, and about 81 houses.

CZELL (KIS), a town of Hungary, in the comitat of Eisenburg, district of Keményesallya, 33 m. ESE of Güns.

CZELNA, a village of Transylvania, in the district of Unter-Alba. The environs afford good wine. CZEMIERNIKI, a town of Poland, in the gov. and 33 m. NNE of Lublin, in a low and marshy situ ation, Tismienica.

CZEMPIN, a town of Prussia, in the prov.. regency, and 22 m. SW of Posen, circle and 8 m. NË of Kosten. Pop. 917. It has a Catholic church and a synagogue.

CZENSTOCHOWA, CZESTOCHOWA, JASNA-GORA, or TSCHENSTOCHAU, a fortified town of Poland, in the gov. and 80 m. SSE of Kalisz, obvod and 37 m. SSE of Wielun, on the Warta. Pop. 3,500, of whom 700 are Jews. It is divided into Old and New C. The former, situated on the 1. bank of the Warta, was in 1771 reduced to ashes, and now consists of about 180 houses. New C. lies 1 m. NW of Old C. and is separated from it by Mount Klarenberg or Jasna-Gora, on the summit of which is the fortified convent of St. Paul, which has sustained several sieges, and which was garrisoned by the French in 1812. Chaplets and images, &c., for the pilgrims to the convent, form the chief articles of local manufacture. Oats are extensively cultivated in the environs.

CZERAMOS, or CZEREMOSZ, a river of Galicia, which issues from the SE side of Pietroza Berg, in the gov. of Lemberg; receives a tributary from Czerna-Gora; and uniting with the Bialy-Czeramos at Uscieriki, runs along the confines of Bukovinia, and discharges itself into the Pruth, 15 m. W of Tchernowitz.

CZEREKWE (OBER), a town of Bohemia, in the circle and 30 m. ESE of Tabor, and 12 m. SE of Pilgram, near the Moravian frontier. It contains

about 130 houses.

CZEREKWE (UNTER), a town of Bohemia, in the circle and 39 m. ESE of Tabor, and 12 m. ESE of Pilgram, on the frontier of Moravia. It contains about 160 houses.

CZERHOWITZ, a town of Bohemia, in the circle and 15 m. SW of Beraun, on the road from Prague to Pilsen.

CZERKENITZ, or CZERHENIZ, a town of Bohemia, in the circle and 8 m. ENE of Kaursim. It contains a castle, and about 90 houses.

CZERNAHORA, a town of Moravia, in the circle and 15 m. N of Brunn. Pop. 808. An ancient fortress, formerly belonging to the family of Boskowitz, is the chief object of architectural interest which it contains. It has alum and vitriol-works, and some trade in grain and timber.

CZERNELIKA, a town of Galicia, in the circle and 30 m. NNE of Kolomea, at some distance from the r. bank of the Dniester. It has a castle. CZERNETZ. See TCHERNETZ.

CZERNIEJEWO, a town of Prussia, in the prov. and 27 m. E of Posen, regency of Bromberg, and circle of Gnesen. Pop. 758, of whom a third are Jews. It has 2 Catholic churches, and some manufactories of cloth. Fairs are held monthly. CZERNOSECK, a village of Bohemia, in the circle and 3 m. W of Leitmeritz. It has a fine castle. The vine is extensively cultivated in the locality. CZERNOWITZ, or CZERNOWICE, a town of Austrian Galicia, the cap. of the Bukovine, or of the circle of Czernowice, as it is sometimes called. It is a neat town, and prettily placed on a rising hill overhanging the Pruth, on the r. bank, in N lat. 48° 25'. The buildings are modern; the streets are wide and clean; and a garden and vineyard are attached to each house. The river is here crossed by a long wooden bridge. Pop. in 1837, 10,657, of whom about 2,000 were Jews. It is the residence of a Greek bishop; and has a philosophical academy with 7 professors. Also a town of Bohemia, in the circle and 15 m. ESE of Tabor, on an affluent of the Luschnitz. It contains about 160 houses. See also TCHERNOWITZ. CZERSK, a town of Poland, in the gov. of Mazovie, of which it was formerly the capital, obvod and 24 m. S of Warsaw, on the 1. bank of the Czarna, 2 m. S of its confluence with the Vistula. Pop. 820. It contains the ruins of an ancient castle belonging to the dukes of Mazovie. It was formerly noted for its breweries.

CZERVENITZA. See VOROS-VAGAS. CZERWIN, a village of Poland, in the gov. of Plock, obvod and 15 m. SSE of Ostrolenki, on the 1. bank of the Orz.

CZERWINSK, a town of Poland, in the gov., obvod, and 32 m. ESE of Plock, on the r. bank of the Vistula. Pop. 560.

CZERWONOGROD, a small town of Galicia, in the circle and 14 m. NW of Czortkow, on the r. bank of the Dzuryn. It has a castle and a Catholic

church.

CZERWONG-BOR, a mountain-range in Poland, in the gov. of Plock, running S from Lomza. CZESTIN-KOSTEL, a town of Bohemia, in the circle and 17 m. SW of Czaslau. Limestone is quarried in the environs.

CZETECHOWITZ, village of Moravia, in the gov. of Brünn, circle and 14 m. NW of Hradisch. Pop. in 1834, 578. In the environs are quarries of fine marble.

CZETECHOWITZ. See CZENSTOCHOWA. CZETTIN, a village and fort of Hungary on the confines of Military Croatia, in the district and 9 m. ENE of Szluin.

CZICHEN, a town of Prussia, in the prov. of East Prussia, regency and 39 m. S of Gumbinnen, circle

and 10 m. NW of Oletzko. It consists of only about 32 houses. A fair is held here once a-year.

CZIDLINA, a river of Bohemia, which takes its rise on the confines of the circles of Bunzlau and Bidschow, runs S through the latter, passing in its course Gitschin, New-Bidschow, and Chlumetz, and bending W throws itself by several arms into the Elbe, after a total course of 42 m.

CZIFFER, a town of Hungary, in the comitat and 23 m. NE of Presburg, district and 5 m. SW of Tyrnau, near the 1. bank of the Dudvag. CZIRKNITZ. See ZIRKNITZ.

CZIRKWENITZA, or CZIRQUENITZA, a town of Illyria, in the gov. of Trieste, circle and 16 m. SE of Fiume, on the shore of the channel of Morlacca. CZIRMEN. See TCHIRMEN.

CZOKANESCHLIE, a town of Austria, in the circle and 62 m. SSW of Czernowice, or Bukovine, on the 1. bank of the Goldene Bistritz.

CZOODT, or CZED, a village of Transylvania, in the sth. of Hermanstadt, on the river of the same name, which unites with the Hartobagy, 2 m. above the confluence of that river with the Aluta.

CZORNA, or CSORNA, a summit of the Carpathian chain, on the NE confines of Hungary. It gives rise to the Tybiscus or Niger river, one of the chief head-streams of the Theiss, on the E, and to the Bistrica, an affluent of the Vistula on the N. It has an alt. of 5,120 ft.

CZORTKOW, or ZALESZCZYKI, a circle or administrative subdivision and town of Austria, in the regency of Lemberg. The circle comprises an area of 1,462 sq. m.; and is bounded on the N by the circle of Tarnapol, on the E by Russia, on the S by the circle of Czernowice or Bukovine, from which it is separated by the Pruth, and on the W by that of Kolomea. Pop. in 1837, 189,712, of whom 8,000 were Jews. Besides the cap. Zaleszczyki, it contains 2 cities, 19 towns, and 242 villages. The principal streams by which this circle is intersected are the Dniester-which runs through its centre-the Sered, and the Podhorce, both affluents of the Dniester. The soil is well-cultivated, and produces abundantly maize and other varieties of grain, fruit, tobacco, anise, &c. Wood is common in most parts. The rearing of bees forms an important object of rural industry. The town of C. is situated on the r. bank of the Sered, 26 m. N of Zalesczczyki and 90 m. ESE of Lemberg. Pop. 1,596. It has a castle, and a manufactory of tobacco.

CZUDEC, a town of Galicia, in the gov. of Lemberg, circle and 27 m. NE of Jaslo, on the 1. bank of the Wislok.

CZYZEWO, a town of Poland, in the gov. of Plock and obwod of Ostrolenka.

DAADEN, a village of Prussia, in the prov. of the Rhine, in the lordship of Sayn-Altenkirchen, 12 m. E of Altenkirchen. Pop. 900. A copper-mine is wrought here.

DAAL (LOCH), or LOCHINDAAL, a deep embayment on the S coast of Islay, in the p. of Kilchoman. At its entrance between the point of Rinns and the mull of Islay, it is 8 m. broad, and it is 12 m. in length. It forms a good roadstead in stormy weather.

DAARA, a once extensive, but now dilapidated town of Syria, in the Hauran, 64 hours E of El Hussn, and 14 hour W of Naimi. A handsome five-arched Roman bridge, in perfect preservation, is here thrown across the valley.

DAB, a small village of Persia, in the prov. of Kurdistan, 10 m. SE by S of Jelam, on the r. bank of the Great Zab, which Colonel Shiel found here, in the middle of August, to be 100 yards in breadth, and flowing with a rapid stream.

DABAMBA. See DAGOMBA. DABAR, a village of Austria, in Croatia, in the Carlstadt-generalat circle, between Zengg and Sluin. It contains a large chapel, and is composed of about 100 houses.

DABBELBAAD, a village of Austria, in Styria, in the circle and 9 m. SW of Gratz. There are mineral springs here.

DABBLING, a village of Tibet, in N lat. 31° 45', on the 1. bank of the Sutledge, at an alt. of 9,020 ft. above sea-level.

DABER, or DABES, a town of Prussia, in the prov. of Pomerania, circle and 9 m. SE of Naugardt, in a low and marshy district between the lakes D. and Tietz. Pop. 1,328 in 1837.

DABHAUSEN, a village of Prussia, in the gov. of Coblenz, 9 m. WNW of Wetzlar. There are copper-mines in the vicinity.

DABIE, a town of Russian Poland, in the gov. of Mazovia, obwod and 21 m. W of Leczyca, on the r. bank of the Ner. Pop. 940.

DABLA, a town of Hindostan, in the territories of the ranah of Udipur, 7 coss from Diolea. DABO, or DAGSBOURG, a commune and village of France, in the dep. of Meurthe, cant. of Phalsbourg. Pop. in 1846, 2,258.

DABOIA, a town, the second in importance, in the state of Inta, in W Africa. It is reported to be 3 journies from Bupi, the frontier-town of Inta, which is 16 journies NNE of Coomassie.

DABOURIEH, or DEBURIYAH, a village of Syria, on a small stream which flows N to the Kishon, on the W side of Mount Tabor.

DABRINGHAUSEN, a village of Prussia, in the prov. of the Rhine, circle of Lennep, 22 m. SSE of Dusseldorf. Pop. 400. Here are chemical works. DABROWICE, a village of Poland, in the gov. of Masovia, obwod of Gostynin. Pop. 1,150. Čoal is wrought here.

DABSOUM, a lake in Mongolia, in N lat. 38°, E long. 93° 50', at the W extremity of the Nan-chan range of mountains.

DABUL, a small port of Hindostan, in the prov. of Bejapore, on the Concan coast, 85 m. S by E of Bombay. It exports pepper and salt. It was sacked by the Portuguese in 1509.

DABUSIA, a village of Bokhara, about 50 m. W by S of Samarcand.

DACAR, a village on the W coast of Africa, opposite the island of Goree, on a small bay lying between Point D. and the long sandy point of Belair. Its inhabitants supply vessels off Goree with woodfuel and small bullocks.

DACCA, or D'HACA, an extensive and rich district in the E quarter of the prov. of Bengal, between the parallels of 23° and 24° Ñ lat. It is bounded on the N by Mymansingh; on the E by Tipperah; on the S by Tipperah and Backergunge; and on the W by Rajshahi and Jessore. Its area amounts to 4,455

sq. m., of which 1,870 are in the district of D. properly so called, and 2,585 in that of D. Jelalpore. Prior to its separation in 1800 from the Backergunge jurisdiction, this prov. stretched as far S as the sea, and to the Garrow mountains on the N. It is almost entirely covered with water during the rainy season; and for its productiveness in rice is esteemed the granary of Bengal. It is intersected by the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, which, with their branches crossing the country in all directions, form a complete system of inland navigation, the general mode of travelling, and of conveying goods, being by water: yet there is not a district in Bengal presenting a greater quantity of waste land. The climate, though hot, is considered healthy; but the night-dews are heavy, and the air chilly; and exposure at this time generally assures an attack of fever. Rice is the staple product; and has been sold here at the rate of 640 lbs. per rupee. Its other productions are the betel-nut, indigo, tobacco, and a species of cotton called banga, used in forming the stripes of the fine muslins for which D. is celebrated. Large tracts of land have been within the last few years devoted to growing indigo. The cotton is now mostly sent to England. This prov. was long distinguished for its extensive fabrics of cotton, particularly its muslins, which long surpassed in beauty and fineness of texture the manufactures of any other country. But the demand for these fine muslins is now very small; and in many parts of India the native fabrics are rivalled by the manufactures of Britain, which, after the expense of importation, can be sold cheaper in India than the produce of domestic industry. Dimities, damask-linen, and a kind of diaper, are still made in this prov.; but the export of these articles has greatly decreased. The principal towns of this district are D., Narraingunge, Sunargang, and Rajanagur.-During Mahommedan sway, this prov. was ruled by a deputy of the nabob, called the naib nazim. The last who held this office was Jessarut Khan, who, being ordered by Cossim Ali Khan in 1763 to put all the English at D. to death, humanely sent them under protection of a trusty guard to Calcutta, for which he received a pension, which was continued to his descendants. The pop. in 1822 was 1,095,760, chiefly Mahommedans.

DACCA, the capital of the above district is situated in N lat. 23° 42', E long. 90° 17', on the N bank of the Burhi-Gunga, or Old Ganges, about 127 m. NE of Calcutta, and 1,107 m. travelling distance from Delhi. It is a large city; and for 80 years was the cap. of Bengal, of which it is still the third city in point of extent and pop. Its position is admirably adapted for inland trade, all the rivers which flow past it communicating with the other inland naviga tions. The present town, including the suburbs, extends 6 m. along the banks of the river, which is here nearly 1 m. in width. The streets are narrow and crooked; the bazars and many of the houses are thatched. The ancient citadel stood on the W side of the town; but great part of the walls has been washed away by the river. There are here the ruins of a magnificent palace built by Azim Ushaun, in the 17th cent., and some other remains of Mahommedan grandeur, all fast crumbling to mere mounds of brick. The factories and churches of the Dutch, French, and Portuguese, are likewise all sunk into ruin and overgrown with jungle.-D. formerly enjoyed a great inland trade, and also traded extensively with the E coast of the bay of Bengal. It was widely famed for its muslins; but in 1829 there was only one fabricator of this article within the town.-The same excessive heat does not prevail here as in Benares, Patna, and other places in Bahar: the heat being always tempered by the vast rivers. The unhealthy season