(h), off which shoals extend in various directions. The SE side of the bay is formed by a long narrow peninsular projection terminating in Cape Colatto (1), between which and the S point of Inyack island is a channel of somewhat less than 1 m. in breadth. Three rivers empty themselves into the bay. The Manice, or King George river (a), which is the most northern, has been explored for 50 m. The Machavanna, or Maputa (6), which is the most southern, is navigable 30 leagues from its mouth by boats which draw 6 ft. of water. The Delagoa, or English river (c), which is the central river, is navigable for nearly 200 m. by large boats, and for more than 40 m. by vessels which draw 12 ft. of water. It has a bar with about 15 ft. on it at low water; about 2 m. up the river, vessels lie in sufficient depth, and safe from every wind. This river is, in reality, the estuary of three rivers, called the Temby (d), the Dundas (e), and the Mattoll (ƒ), all of which have their sources at about a day's journey from their common estuary, and run into English river at little more than 5 m. above the fort. Their shores are generally bordered by an extensive muddy flat, gradually rising towards higher land. D. bay is a commanding expanse of water, with several woody islands. It extends about 60 m. from N to S, and 21 m. from E to W. Its navigation for vessels of burden is intricate, but this difficulty surmounted, it has natural advantages of which few places can boast; and is much frequented by whalers, particularly Americans, who come here for supplies. The entrance to English river is not without something of a picturesque character, in the appearance of the v. and fort, and the sand-hills covered with calabash trees. Had the slave-trade never existed here, and the means of the Portuguese been diverted to other pursuits, this part of Caffraria would probably have become their most valuable possession, from the richness of the country in the back-ground, the quantity of ivory, gums, and other valuable commodities which the natives bring in from the interior, and the number of cetaceous animals with which the bay abounds. The number of whales found in the bay at peculiar seasons, as well as throughout the Mozambique channel, is incredible. They are smaller than those met with in the Greenland seas, but were they only to yield from 10 to 15 tons each, their plentifulness would compensate for diminution of size. II. -The soil is fertile, and productive of rice and maize, which are sown in December or January. The dry season lasts from April to October. Various species of fruit, and sugar-canes, are plentiful. The forests are inhabited by the panther, rhinoceros, buffalo, zebra, antelope, wild hog, hare, and rabbit; tame cattle are abundant; and wild geese, ducks, quails, partridges, Guinea-hens, and several species of singing birds, are numerous. Turtles are taken upon some of the islands on the coast; and many kinds of excellent fish are caught in the rivers and seas. The rivers swarm with hippopotami, of which numbers are annually taken. It was not until a very recent period that the Portuguese of this settlement paid any attention to the collecting of the teeth of this animal; but finding their sale to be very brisk at Mozambique, they are now sought for with extreme avidity. One of these enormous animals rose by the side of Captain Owen's boat, and taking it in his jaws, at once tore away seven planks from the side and bottom. The forests are inhabited by vast herds of elephants. Captain Owen mentions the arrival of a caravan from the interior to D. bay, consisting of 1,000 native traders, with from 300 to 400 elephants' tusks, and a great quantity of cattle. He was informed that 120 tons of ivory were annually received at Mozambique from this settlement, and that this quantity was in no way considered an extraordinary importation. About 200 m. NW of the Portuguese settlement on D. bay, a town has been founded by emigrant boers from the Cape, called Orichstadt, and a trade in ivory has been established between this town and the bay, but the low swampy country which intervenes between these two points must prove a formidable obstacle to trading movements by land. There is also another boer settlement at Andries-on-Haig, about 60 m. from Lorenzo-Marquez.-The climate of D. bay proved disastrously fatal to the men employed in Captain Owen's surveying expedition. Severe droughts often occur. The natives of D., who are all warriors like the Caffres, are armed with light well-made assagyes. Each adult is provided with a shield cut out from the hide of a bullock, in the brackets of which he carries his spare assagyes, and which thus becomes his quiver. They launch these weapons with great force and dexterity, and can strike a very small object at 80 yds., with sufficient strength for execution. Being continually subject to attacks from warlike tribes, under the general name of Orontatos, or Hollontontes, they are constantly in preparation for war. Among the arts of the Delagonians may be mentioned the erection of huts formed by a kind of wicker process, and rendered very compact. They also make wooden dishes and other utensils, which, considering the rudeness of their implements, are of extraordinary workmanship, and sufficient to prove that they are possessed of a considerable share of taste and ingenuity. The Portuguese lay claim to the entire coast between Cape Guardafui northwards, to the first point of Natal southwards,-a tract of coast of about 2,600 m. A Dutch fort and factory existed in D. bay in the early part of the 18th cent.; but this settlement was destroyed by pirates in 1727. In 1777, the Austrian East India company made a settlement on D. river, but it seems to have been soon after abandoned. Captain Owen attempted to form British settlements near D., in the district called Zembia, and at Mombazo; but he does not appear to have been encouraged in this attempt by our government. A mission was also established at Zembia, and had progressed favourably for two years, when England gave up the infant settlement to Portugal. The Portuguese fort of Lorenzo Marques, on the bay, is 3 н useless as a defence, being built of mud; but the ; it is mixed with_sand; and in the S part the sand officer in command of the garrison has absolute rule predominates. In the neighbourhood of D. river, over all the natives within the immediately adjacent the soil is rich and productive; but it becomes district, amongst whom are intermingled a few Eu- less so toward the swamps in the W.-The prinropean settlers who occupy wretched dwellings near cipal productions are wheat of a superior quality, the native huts. There is little doubt that the slave-Indian corn, rye, barley, oats, flax, buck-wheat, trade is occasionally carried on from this place. and potatoes. The S part affords fine grazingCaptain Owen states that, under a former command- land; and from a cypress-swamp on Indian river, ant, some of the chiefs in the vicinity of D. bay had 12 m. long from N to S, and 6 m. broad from E to been persuaded to sell their own subjects for 13 dol. W, large quantities of timber are exported. Wheat each, paid in merchandise of trifling value! In 1847 is the principal article of export.-In this state there it was reported that the boers at Andries-on-Haig were, in 1840, 14,421 horses and mules; 53,833 neat were in the habit of sending down natives to the bay cattle; 39,247 sheep; 74,228 swine; and poultry vafor sale. The neighbouring country is divided among lued at 47,265 drs. There were produced in that different tribes, who are frequently at war with each year 315,165 bush. of wheat; 5,260 of barley; 227,405 other, and over whom the Portuguese have little of oats; 33,546 of rye; 11,299 of buckwheat; control. The most warlike and troublesome of all 2,099,359 of Indian corn; 64,404 lbs. of wool; 200,712 these are the Hollotontes. They all practise tattoo- bush. of potatoes; 22,483 tons of hay; and 1,458 lbs. ing, but in a very different manner. Some of them of silk cocoons. The products of the dairy amounted shave off a large portion of the thick woolly covering in value to 113,828 drs.; and of the orchard to 28,211 of their heads. In the 3d vol. of the Geog. Journal, drs. There are few mineral productions in this state. Mr. Cooley warmly advocates the scheme of an ex- The exports in 1840 were valued at 37,001 drs.; the ploring expedition to penetrate two or three hundred imports at only 802 drs. There were 327 retail dry miles inland from D. bay, and then proceed towards goods and other stores, employing a cap. of 967,750 Zambo on the Zambese, and trace that river as far drs.; 140 persons were engaged in the lumber-trade, as Tête, from which place a three weeks' voyage with a capital of 83,280 drs.; and 165 persons were would bring the explorers to Quilimane. employed in the fisheries, with a cap. of 170,000 drs. DELAIN-JEUNG, a fortress of Northern Hindostan, in Bhotan, 9 m. SW of Tissisudon, and 5 m. E of Dukka-Teung. DELAMBRE ISLAND, an island of the S. Pacific, in Dampier's archipelago. It is separated from Huiy island by a passage 5 m. wide, though clear for 2 m. only. DELAMÉRE, a parish of Cheshire, 12 m. ENE of Chester. Area 8,670 acres. Pop. 914. It gives the title of Baron to the Earl of Cholmondeley. DELATYN, a town of Austria, in Galicia, circle and 32 m. S of Stanislawow, on the 1. bank of the Pruth. There are alum and slate quarries in the vicinity. DELAWARE, one of the middle United States, and, next to Rhode-Island, the least in the Union; bounded on the N by Pennsylvania; on the E by Delaware river and bay; on the S and W by Maryland. It lies between N lat. 38° 29′ and 39° 47′, and long. 74° 56′ and 75° 41′ W from Greenwich, or 1° 13' and 1° 57′ E from Washington. It is 92 m. long, and 23 m. broad; and contains 2,120 sq. m., or 1,356,800 acres. Canals and Railroads.] The Chesapeake and D. canal is the most important work of internal improvement in this state. It crosses the N part, commencing at D. city, 46 m. below Philadelphia, and extends 13 m. to Back-creek, a navigable branch of Elk river. Being 66 ft. wide at the surface and 10 ft. deep, it is navigable for sloops and steamboats. The Deep-cut in this canal is carried 4 m. through a hill 90 ft. high. This canal was commenced in 1824, and completed in 1829 at a cost of 2,200,000 drs.— The New Castle and Frenchtown railroad also forms a connection between the D. and Chesapeake. It extends from New Castle on the D. river, to Frenchtown on Elk river. It is 16 m. long, and was finished in 1832 at an expense of 400,000 drs. Steamboats connect its E terminus with Philadelphia, and its W with Baltimore. Population.] The pop. in 1790 was 59,094 ; in 1800, 64,272; in 1810, 72,674; in 1820, 72,749, in 1830, 76,739; in 1840, 78,085: of whom 2,605 were slaves; 29,259 white males; 29,302 white females; 8.623 free coloured males; and 8,293 free coloured females. There were employed in agriculture in 1840, 16,015; in commerce, 467; in manufactures and trades, 4,060; navigating the ocean, 401; navigating canals and rivers, 235; in the learned professions and as en Physical features.] The surface of this state is highly varied. The lower or S part is very level, the N hilly and rough, and some of the heights are commanding. An elevated table-land, towards its Wgineers, 199. border, passes through the state, dividing the waters which fall into the Chesapeake from those which fall into Delaware bay. On the summit of this ridge is a chain of swamps, from which the principal streams of the state take their rise; some flowing W to the Chesapeake, and others E to the Delaware.-The rivers are small. Brandywine-creek, which rises in Pennsylvania, is 40 m. long; and uniting with Christiana creek, forms the harbour of Wilmington, 1 m. below the town, and 2 m. W of Delaware river. Duck creek, Mispillion creek, and Indian river, flow into the D.-D. bay washes the E part of the state; but it has no good natural harbours in this part of it. To remedy this inconvenience, the gov. of the United States have undertaken the construction of the D. breakwater, in front of Lewiston, within Cape Hen-dents; 152 primary and common schools, with 6,924 lopen. See DELAWARE BAY. Climate and Productions.] The climate of this state is generally mild, though in the N part the winter is sometimes very severe. It is generally healthy. The soil in the N is a strong clay; in the middle Towns and Counties.] This state is divided into three counties, which, with their pop. in 1840, and their caps., are as follows: Kent, 19,872, cap. Dover; New Castle, 33,120, caps. Wilmington and New Castle; Sussex, 25,093, cap. Georgetown. These counties are divided into 24 hundreds. Dover, situated on Jones's creek, 7 m. from its entrance into D. bay, is the seat of government; but Wilmington is the largest and most commercial town in the state. Vessels drawing 14 ft. of water can come to its wharves; it has considerable trade, and has several ships engaged in the whaling-business. There is but one college in the state, which was founded at Newark in 1833, and had, in 1840, 23 students. Besides this institution, there were 20 academies, with 761 stuscholars. In 1840, 4,832 persons over 20 years of age were returned who could neither read nor write. In 1848 the number of primary schools was 200, with 12,812 scholars. The number of paupers was 587, and their cost to the state 16,065 drs. The aggregate of felonies and misdemeanors was 47. The common school-fund of the state yields a yearly revenue of 10,000 drs. Constitution.] The present constitution of D. was adopted in 1831. The governor is chosen for 4 years, and is ever after ineligible. His salary is only 1,333 drs. The senate consists of 3 members from each co., chosen for 4 years. The representatives are 7 from each co., chosen once in 2 years. The legislature meets once in 2 years, on the 1st Tuesday of January. The elections are held on the 2d Tuesday of November. Every male citizen over 22 years of age, who has resided one year in the state, and the last month in the co. in which he votes, and paid a tax, has the right of suffrage; and if he be between 21 and 22 years of age, and otherwise qualified, he may vote without the payment of a tax. The statetreasurer is chosen by the legislature biennially; and in case of his death or resignation, the governor fills the office until the next session of the legislature. The judicial power of the state is exercised by 4 common law judges and a chancellor. Of the 4 law judges, one is chief-justice, with a salary of 1,200 d.; the others are associates. The chief - justice and chancellor may be appointed from any part of the state, but there must be one associate-judge in each co. A court consists of the chief-justice and 2 associates. No associate - judge is permitted to sit in his own co. The legislature have power to establish such inferior courts as may be necessary. The chaucellor exercises the powers of a court-of-chancery, and, with all the judges, of a court-of-appeal. The constitution provides that no act of incorporation shall be passed without a vote of two-thirds, unless it be the renewal of an existing incorporation; and all acts are to contain a power of revocation by the legislature. No act hereafter passed shall be in force longer than 20 years, without a re-enactment by the legislature. No person belonging to the military, naval, or marine service of the U. S., can gain such a residence as will entitle him to vote, by being stationed at any military or naval post in the state.The militia force in 1827 was returned at 9,229.The revenue of the state in 1849 was 31,343 d., of which 15,105 d. arose from bank - dividends, and 4,947 d. from interest on loans. The expenditure was 26,705 d., of which 15,947 d. was for schools. The invested cap. of the state was 414,725 d. History] This state was first settled by the Swedes and Finns, under the patronage of Gustavus Adolphus, and received the name of New Sweden. In 1630, they built a fort at Lewiston, and in a year after, another at Wilmington. They were too weak, and too far removed from the protection of the mothercountry, to sustain themselves against the Dutch, who subdued them in 1655. In 1664, this territory was included in the country taken by the English from the Dutch, and granted by Charles II. to the Duke of York, who, in 1682, conveyed it to William Penn. Its present name is derived from Lord Delaware, the English governor of Virginia. D. remained nominally united to Pennsylvania, and under its proprietary government, until 1775; though it had in fact a separate government before. These two states were denominated the Lower Countries of the D., and as such were represented in the first congress at New York in 1765. This state suffered severely in the revolutionary war, in which its citizens bore an honourable part. watered by Scioto and Whetstone rivers, Alum and Big Walnut creeks, and other streams. Pop. in 1830, 11,523; in 1840, 22,060. Its capital, of the same name, is pleasantly situated on the W bank of the Oleatangy or Whetstone river-which is here crossed by a handsome bridge-24 m. N of Columbus. Pop. 898; of township, 1,091.-Also a county of the state of Indiana, comprising an area of 384 sq. m., drained by the W fork of White river, Mississinewa river, and Bell and Buck creeks. Its surface is level, and its soil extremely productive. Pop. in 1830, 2,374; in 1840, 8,843. Its capital is Muncietown.-Also a county of the state of Iowa, comprising an area of 576 sq. m., watered by Macoquetais river and its tributaries. Its surface is undulating, and its soil productive. Pop. in 1840, 168.— Also a township of Hunterdon co., in the state of New Jersey, on the E side of Delaware river, and drained by Wickhecheoke creek. Pop. 2,305.-Also a township of Mercer co., in the state of Pennsylvania, 7 m. NW of Mercer. It has a hilly surface, and is drained by Chenango and Lackawannock creeks. Its soil consists of clay and loam. Pop. 2,024.— Also a township of Pike co., in the same state, 148 m. NE of Harrisburg. Its surface is rugged, and its soil gravelly loam. It is watered by Dingman's and Bushkill creeks. Pop. 590.-Also a township of Williams co., in the state of Ohio, on Mawmee river, W of Defiance. Pop. 201. Also a township of Hancock co., in the state of Ohio. Pop. 451.-Also a township of Hamilton co., in the state of Indiana. Pop. 753.-Also a township of Ripley co., in the same state, 65 m. SE of Indianapolis. Pop. 1,258. -Also a town of Newcastle co., in the state of Delaware, 35 m. N of Dover, on the W bank of Delaware river, at the entrance of the Chesapeake and Delaware canal. It contained in 1840 about 40 large buildings.-Also a township of Upper Canada, in the London district, bounded on the N and W by the river Thames. The soil is generally good, and the timber chiefly hardwood. Pop. in 1842, 468. It contains a v. of the same name, beautifully situated on the Thames, 12 m. W from London. The river is here crossed by a bridge, 900 ft. in length, which is considered the finest structure of the kind in Canada. Pop. 300. DELAWARE, a river of the United States, which rises in the Catskill mountains, in the state of New York, in two head-streams called the Oquago and the Papachton, at an alt. of about 1,500 ft. above sealevel. Both branches flow in a SW direction for about 50 m., and unite on the frontier of Pennsylvania to form the D., which flows 60 m. SE to the junction of the Neversink; then SW 65 m. to the junction of the Lehigh; then SE 35 m. to Bordentown; and then SW to Delaware bay, which it enters about 5 m. below Newcastle. It is navigable for a 74 gun-ship to Philadelphia, 55 m. above the head of the bay, and about 120 m. from the ocean; for sloops to the head of the tide, at Trenton, 35 m. above Philadelphia; and for boats 100 m. further, though the boat navigation above Easton is very difficult. Its most important tributaries are the Schuylkill and the Lehigh. The whole length from its source to the bay is about 300 m. The principal towns on the D., besides Philadelphia, are Easton and Bristol, in Penn DELAWARE, a county of the state of New York, U. S., comprising an area of 460 sq. m., generally rough and hilly, but affording good pasturage, and in the valleys very fertile. It is watered by the head - branches of the Delaware and Sus-sylvania; and Trenton, Bordentown, and Burlington, quehanna rivers. Pop. in 1830, 32,933; in 1840, 35,396. Its capital is Delhi.-Also a county in the state of Pennsylvania, containing an area of 220 sq. m., drained by Darby, Ridley, and Chester creeks. It possesses an undulating surface, and a highly productive soil. Pop. in 1830, 17,361; in 1840, 19,791. Its capital is Chester.-Also a central county of the state of Ohio, possessing a superficies of 610 sq. m., in New Jersey. Its navigation is united to that of Chesapeake bay by the Chesapeake and D. canal, which connects the Elk river with the Delaware. Another canal, at Trenton, unites the D. with Amboy bay and the city of New York. DELAWARE BAY, a large arm of the sea, extending in a NW direction, between the states of Delaware and New Jersey, which receives the D. river and several small streams. It is 65 m. long; and, in the centre, about 30 m. across, and 18 m wide at its mouth, between Cape Henlopen in Delaware, in N lat. 38° 47′, W long. 75° 6, and Cape May, New Jersey, in N lat. 38° 57', of the Birse, at an alt. of 1,460 ft. above sea-level Pop. 1,422. The streets are broad, and straight, and W long. 74° 52'.--The D. breakwater is situated at the entrance adorned with fountains and well-built houses. The into D. bay, near Cape Henlopen. The roadstead is formed by a college, the government-house, and the castle-forcove in the S shore, directly W of the pitch of the cape, and the merly a residence of the bishops of Bâle-are the seaward end of an extensive shoal called the Shears, the tail of which makes out from the shore about 5 m. up the bay, near the only edifices which it contains worthy of note. At mouth of Broadkill creek, whence it extends E, and terminates at the confluence of the Birse and Sorne are extensive a point about 2 m. N of the shore at the cape. The breakwater ruins of Roman baths. D. is noted for its bleachconsists of an insulated stone wall, the transversal section of which is a trapezium, the base resting on the bottom, whilst the fields, and has several manufactories of clocks and summit-line forms the top of the work. The other sides repre-printed calicoes.-The bail., previous to its union sent the inner and outer slopes of the work, that to the seaward to the cant. of Berne, belonged to the bishopric of being greater than the other. The inward slope is 45 degrees; Bâle, and formed part of the French dep. of the the top is horizontal, 22 ft. in breadth, and raised 5 ft. above the highest spring-tide; the outward, or sea slope, is 39 ft. in alt., Haut-Rhin. It is very fertile, and affords pasturage upon a base of 1054 ft.; both these dimensions being measured in to large herds of cattle. The mountains contain relation to a horizontal plane passing by a point 27 ft. below the abundance of stone, and iron is found at Seprais, lowest spring-tide. The base bears to the alt. nearly the same ratio as similar lines in the profiles of the Cherbourg and Ply- Courroux, &c. It contains 27 parishes. The gov mouth breakwaters. The opening or entrance from the ocean is ernment is administered by the high bailiff of Berne. 650 yds. in width, between the N point of the cape and the E end of the breakwater. At this entrance, the harbour is accessible during all winds coming from the sea. The dike or wall is formed in a straight line from ESE to WNW; 1,200 yds. in length of this portion of the work is destined to serve the purposes of a breakwater. At the distance of 350 yds. from the upper or W end of the breakwater which space forms the upper entrance -- a similar dike of 500 yards in length projects in a direct line W by SS, forming an angle of 146° 15′ with the breakwater: this is designed more particularly as an ice-breaker. The whole length of the two dikes may be about 1,700 yds., containing 900,000 cubic yds. of stone, composed of pieces of basaltic rock and granite, weighing from of a ton to 3 tons and upwards. The depth of water at low tide is from 4 to 6 fath. throughout the harbour formed by these works and the cove of the S shore, and which is calculated to afford a perfect shelter over a space of water-surface seven-tenths of a sq. m. The great objects gained by the construction of an artificial roadstead here, are to shelter vessels from the action of waves caused by the winds blowing from the E to the NW, round by the N; and also to protect them against injuries arising from floating ice descending the bay from the NW. DELBRUCK, a town of Prussia, in Westphalia, in the regency of Minden, circle and 9 m. WÑW of Paderborn, on an affluent of the Lippe. Pop. in 1837, 1,045. It contains a church and a poor-house, and has manufactories of linen and tobacco. Linen and fine yarn form its chief articles of trade. DELDEN, a town of Holland, in the prov. of Over-Yssel, 8 m. SE of Almelo, and 32 m. SE of Zwolle, on an affluent of the Regge. Pop. 4,000. DELDERBROEK, a village of Holland, in the prov. of Over-Yssel, 6 m. S of Angelo, on an affluent of the Regge. DELEB, a town of Abyssinia, in Amhara, in the prov. of Dembea, 130 m. WNW of Gondar, near the r. bank of the Rahad. It was visited by Poncet in 1699. DELEBASI, or BILACCIA, a town of Turkey in Europe, in the prov. of Servia, sanj. and 45 m. ÉSE of Pristina, on one of the head-streams of the Morava, and at the base of the mountains of Argentaro. DELEBIO, a village of Venetian Lombardy, in the prov. and 17 m. WSW of Sondrio, district and 5 m. W of Morbegno, near the 1. bank of the Adda, and 34 m. W of the lake of Como. Pop. 950. It is situated in a marshy and unhealthy locality, but has a considerable trade in wine and silk. A fair is held once a-year. In the vicinity, in 1434, a victory was gained, by the duke of Milan, over the Venetians. DELEHAMEIT, a village of Syria, in the pashalic of Acre, 11 m. N of Baalbec. It contains a fine church built on the model of that of Baalbec. Its inhabitants are chiefly Maronites. This village is supposed to occupy the site of the ancient Aphaca. DELEITOSA, a town of Spain, in Estremadura, in the prov. and 40 m. ENE of Caceres, partido and 20 m. NE of Trujillo, near the r. bank of the Rio-del Monte. DELEMONT, or DELSBERG, a town of Switzerland, cap. of a bail. of the same name, in the cant. and 33 m. NNW of Berne, situated at the foot of a hill, on the 1. bank of the Sorne, near the confluence DE LERY, a seignory of Lower Canada, in the co. of Acadie, extending W from the river Richelieu, and intersected by the rivers Montreal and Bleurie and Johnson creek. It is low, and to a great extent covered with cedar swamps, and marshes; but the soil, where cultivated, is rich, and proves very fertile. In the Richelieu, near the confluence of the Bleurie, is the Isle-aux-Noix, which forms an important military station. Pop. 1,531. DELFSHAVEN, or DELFETSHAVEN, a town of Holland, in the prov. of South Holland, cant. and 24 m. SW of Rotterdam, on the 1. bank of the Meuse, at the mouth of the canal which runs between Delft and the Hague. Pop. 3,100. It has extensive distilleries of gin, and an active trade in grain and fish. DELFT, a town of Holland, in the prov. of S. Holland, on the canal and high road between Rotterdam and the Hague, and about 84 m. NW of Rotterdam, and 44 m. from the Hague, in N lat. 52° 0′ 48′′, E long. 4° 21′ 46′′. It is a gloomy and oldfashioned brick town, about 14 m. in circuit, and is defended from sea-floods by three dikes. Several of the streets are divided by narrow stagnant canals; and in the centre of the town are two handsome streets with broad canals and rows of trees. Many of the wealthy merchants of Rotterdam have country-houses on the banks of the canal near to D. The pop. in 1840 was 17,037. D. was at one time celebrated for its manufacture of a species of common earthenware to which it gave its name; but the improvements introduced by Wedgwood gave the English potteries such an advantage over those of Holland, that D. has in this respect been supplanted even in the markets of Holland itself. Manufactures of woollen cloths, carpets, soap, and tobacco-pipes are carried on, and a considerable trade in butter, the canal connecting the town with Rotterdam giving it the advantage of a sea-port. Its trade, however, has greatly fallen off: "You at once see that the place is not what it has once been, -no shipping, no trade, and no bustle in its almost empty thoroughfares." [Chambers.] The town-house stands on one side of a large market-place, and opposite to the new church. It is an ancient building of two stories, with pointed windows and gilded ornaments beneath them. The new church, a fine Gothic edifice, contains one of the most splendid mausoleums in Europe,-that of William I., Prince of Orange, who was assassinated in his palace in D., on 10th July, 1584. Near this superb monument is that of Hugo Grotius, erected in 1781. The old church, situated in another part of the town, contains the tombs of the naturalist Leuwenhoeck and of Admiral Van Tromp. Near the entrance of the town stands the state-arsenal of Holland, originally the Dutch E. India house.-D. was founded in 1074. At the establishment of the confederation of the United Provinces, D. was an important town, being |