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taries. The soil corresponds in diversity with the mountainous character of its surface. Also a township of Mifflin co., in the state of Pennsylvania. Pop. 903. Also a township of Hancock co., in the state of Indiana. Pop. 749.-Also a township of Washington co., in the state of Indiana. Pop. 1,451.Also a township of Athens co., in the state of Ohio, on the Racoon creek. Pop. 257.-Also a township of Carroll co., intersected by the Sandy creek and Beaver canal. Pop. 2,165.-Also a township of Dark co., watered by one of the head-streams of Still-water creek. Pop. 294.-Also a township of Delaware co., 4 m. E of Delaware. It is watered by Alum creek, and is generally fertile. Pop. 908. -Also a township of Franklin co. Pop. 424.-Also a township of Knox co., on Yellow creek. Pop. 1,210. Also a township of Miami co., drained by branches of the Miami. Pop. 1,238.-Also a township of Paulding co. Pop. 180.-Also a township of Montgomery co., in the state of Indiana. Pop. 1,452.

BROWN CAPE, a headland of the N coast of Nicholson island, Arctic America, on the W side of Russel inlet, in N lat. 70° 10', W. long. 135°. BROWNE'S ISLANDS, a group in Baffin's bay, to the SW of Duneira bay, in N lat. 75° 10′, W long. 59°.

BROWNFIELD, a township of Oxford co., in the state of Maine, U. S., 78 m. SW of Augusta, bordered on the E by Saco river. Pop. in 1840, 1,360.

BROWNHELM, a township of Loraine co., in the state of Ohio, U. S., 124 m. NE of Columbus, watered by Vermillion river. Pop. in 1840, 934. BROWNINGTON, a township of Orleans co., in the state of Vermont, U. S., 49 m. NNE of Montpelier. It is watered by the Willoughby, a branch of the Barton, which affords good water-power. Pop. in 1840, 486.

BROWNLOW POINT, a headland of the N coast of Russian America, at the mouth of Staine's river, in N lat. 70° 10′, W long. 146o.

BROWNSBURG, a village of Rockbridge co., in the state of Virginia, U. S., situated in a fertile locality on Maffet's creek, 139 m. NW of Richmond. Pop. in 1840, 120.

BROWNSEA, or BRANKSEA, a small island off the coast of Dorset, 24 m. SE of Poole. It is of an irregular oval form, about 14 m. in length.

BROWN'S ISLAND, an island on the coast of what Sir John Ross has denominated North Middlesex, in N lat. 72°, W long. 95° 22′.

BROWN'S ISLES, a group of four islands in the N Pacific, in N lat. 11° 30', E long. 163°.

BROWN'S MILLS, a village in the p. of Ringcurran, co. Cork. Pop. 130.—Also a v. in Brown township, Mifflin co., in the state of Pennsylvania, U. S., 62 m. NW of Harrisburg. Pop. of township, 903.

BROWNSOVER, a chapelry in the p. of Churchover, Warwickshire, 2 m. NE of Rugby, intersected by the Oxford canal, near the London and Birmingham and Midland Counties railroads. Area 1,130 acres. Pop. in 1841, 90.

BROWN'S TOWN, a parish 5 m. S by W of Slane, in co. Meath. Area 1,199 acres. Pop. 421. -Also a township of Wayne co. in the state of Michigan, U. S., 25 m. SSW of Detroit, at the entrance of the Huron into Lake Erie. Pop. in 1840, 793.—Also a village, cap. of Jackson co., in the state of Indiana, on the E side of a branch of East Fork of White river, 71 m. S of Indianapolis.

Pleasant river, a branch of the Piscatiquis. Pop. in 1840, 568.-Also a village in Brownville township, Jefferson co., in the state of New York, on the N bank of Black river, 4 m. below Water town, and 168 m. NW of Albany. The surface is level, and the soil, consisting of a marly loam, is generally fertile. Pop. 3,968.-Also a v. of Fayette co., in the state of Pennsylvania, at the junction of Redstone creek with the Monongahela, 191 m. SE of Harrisburg. It contains about 250 dwellings. The surrounding country is fertile. Pop. 1,362.-Also a v. in Licking township, Licking co., in the state of Ohio, on the national road, 40 m. E of Columbus. It consists of about 80 dwellings, and has an extensive trade in wheat and tobacco.-Also a v., cap of Edmonson co., on the S side of Green river, 132 m. SW of Frankfort. Pop. 112.-Also a v., cap. of Jackson co., in the state of Illinois, in a hilly locality, on the N side of Big Muddy river, 12 m. from the Mississippi, and 177 m. S of Springfield. It contains about 30 families.Also a v. in Monroe co., in the state of Georgia, 14 m. W of the Ocmulgee river.

BROWN SHOAL, a reef near the E entrance of Bahama Old channel, in N lat. 21° 35', W long. 74° 50'.

BROWSTON, a hamlet in the p. of Belton, Suffolk. Pop. in 1841, 64.

BROXA, a township in the p. of Hackness, N. R. of Yorkshire, 7 m. WNW of Scarborough. Area 450 acres. Pop. in 1841, 65.

BROXBURN, BROXBOURNE, or BROOKESBOURNE, a parish of Hertfordshire, 14 m. S of Hoddesdon, and 3 m. from Roydon, intersected by the Eastern Counties railway. Area 4,580 acres. Pop. in 1841, 2,386. BROXBURN, a village in the p. of Uphall, in Linlithgowshire, 12 m. from Edinburgh. Pop. 725. BROXHOLME, a parish of Lincolnshire, 6 m. NW of Lincoln. Area 1,230 acres. Pop. in 1841, 145. BROXTED, or CHAWRETH, a parish of Essex, 3 m. SW of Thaxted, near the London railway. Area 3,110 acres. Pop. in 1841, 737.

BROXTON, a township in the p. and 5 m. N of Malpas. Area 2,270 acres. Pop. in 1841, 464. BROXTOW, a hamlet in the p. of Bilborough, Nottinghamshire, 54 m. NW of Nottingham.

BROYE, a commune of France, in the dep. of Saone-et-Loire, cant. of Mesvres. Pop. 1,106.-Also a river of Switzerland, which takes its rise in the SW of the cant. of Freyburg, on the NW side of Mount Molesson; crosses a small portion of the cant. of Vaud, in which it passes Oron; re-enters the cant. of Freyburg, watering Rue; thence returning to Vaud, it pursues its course in a NNE direction, past Moudon and Payerne; 3 m. N of the latter town it again enters the canton from which it originally issued, expands into the lake of Morat, and ultimately falls into the lake of Neufchatel. Its total course is 45 m., and it is to a considerable extent navigable by small boats.

BROYLE (CAPE), a bold promontory on the SE coast of the peninsula of Newfoundland, at the entrance of the harbour of the same name, and 22 m. SSW of St. John's, in N lat. 47° 3′ 52′′, W long. 52° 47' 27".

BROYN-LLIS, a parish of Breconshire. Pop. in 1841, 338.

BROZAS, a town of Spain, in Estremadura, 12 m. SE of Alcantara. Pop. 3,000. It has two churches, two convents, and an old castle.

BROZZI, a parish and village of Tuscany, in the prov. and 5 m. WNW of Florence, on the r. bank of the Arno. Pop. 2,468. It is celebrated for its maBROWNSVILLE, a township of Piscatiqui's co.,nufacture of straw-bonnets.

in the state of Maine, U. S., 102 m. NE of Augusta, BROZZO, a village of Piedmont, in the prov. and bordered on the E by Otter pond, and intersected by 9 m. NW of Ivrea, in a valley watered by a branch

of the Chiusella, on which numerous iron-works have in the environs. This town has existed from the era been established.

BRSAVA, or POLONINA, a summit of a ramification of the Carpathian chain, near the NE confines of Hungary, in the comitat of Beregh.

BRUAILLES, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Saone-et-Loire, cant. of Louhans. Pop. 1,131. BRUAR, a small but picturesque mountain-stream, in the district of Athole, in Perthshire. It rushes down to the Garry in a series of fine cascades across the high-road from Blair Athole to Dalnacardoch. BRUARA, a broad and rapid river in the Sunnlendinga-Fiordung district of Iceland, which after receiving the joint waters of the Laugaovalla and Apa lakes, unites with the Hoita a little below Skalholt. BRUAY, a commune of France, in the dep. of Nord, cant. and 3 m. from Valenciennes. Pop. 907. It contains a glass-house.

BRUC, a commune of France, in the dep. of Illeet-Vilaine, cant. of Pipriac. Pop. 1,124.

BRUCA, or BRUCCA (LA), a town of Sicily, on the coast to the S of Catania. Pop. 3,000.

BRUCE, a township of Macomb co., in the state of Michigan, U. S., 58 m. N of Detroit. It is generally fertile. Pop. in 1840, 1,128.

BRUCE BAY, an indentation on the W side of Baffin's bay, forming the estuary of the Clyde, in N lat. 70° 15', W long. 69°. It contains numerous islets. BRUCE ISLAND, or ST. JOHN's, an island off the coast of Nubia, in N lat. 23° 38′ [Bruce], 23° 36′ [Welsted.] It is about 6 m. in circumf., and has an elevation of nearly 900 ft. A coral belt about a quarter of a mile in width, and nearly dry, rising almost perpendicularly from a great depth, encircles it.

BRUCHE, a small river of France, which takes its rise in the dep. of the Vosges, near the village of the same name; passes Schirmeck; thence bends ENE to the dep. of the Bas-Rhin; bathes the walls of Mutzig and Molsheim; and after a course of 45 m., of which 21 are floatable, unites with the Ill a little above Strasburg. Its chief affluent is the Mossig. The canal of B. derives its waters from this river near Sultz-les-Bains, a little below Molsheim, and terminates near Strasburg. The principal articles of which it forms the means of transit are wood, gypsum, stone, bricks, and tiles.-Also a commune and town of France, in the dep. of Lot-et-Garonne, cant. of Lavardac, 6 m. NNE of Nérac. Pop. 1,150. BRUCHHAUSEN (ALT), a town of Hanover, 8 m. WNW of Hoya, and 6 m. E of Neu-Bruchhausen. Pop. 1,000. It contains an ancient castle.

BRUCHHAUSEN (NEU), a town of Hanover, 14 m. W of Hoya. Pop. 951. It has a considerable commerce in linen.

BRUCHMUHLBACH, a village of Bavaria, in the Pfalz circle, SW of Landstuhl. Pop. 308. BRUCHSAL, a town and bailiwick of Baden, in the circle of the Middle Rhine, on the r. bank of the Salzbach. The town is 12 m. NE of Carlsruhe, and at an alt. of 472 ft. above sea-level. Pop. in 1819, 5,587; and in 1830, not inclusive of the garrison, 7,113. It is wellbuilt, and contains a fine castle, formerly the residence of the prince-bishops of Spire, 7 churches, a college, a Catholic gymnasium, a seminary, a school for the blind, a military hospital, a handsome townhouse, a house-of-correction, &c. In the environs is the saline spring of Ubstadt. Pop. of bailiwick in 1830, 26,819.

BRUCK, a town of Bavaria, in the circle of the Ober-Pfalz, on the Salzbach, 19 m. NNE of Ratisbon. Pop. 922. Iron is wrought in the environs. Also a town of Bavaria, in the circle of Middle Franconia. 14 m. SW of Erlangen, on the Regnitz. Pop. 1,173, of whom a large proportion are Jews. It possesses extensive manufactories of tobacco, which is grown

of Charlemagne.-Also a town of Prussia, in the prov. of Brandenburg, 16 m. SW of Potsdam, and in the circle of Zauch-Belzig, on a branch of the Plane. Pop. in 1837, 1,305. It contains manufactories of cloth and linen, and breweries. Lint and hops are cultivated in the environs.

BRUCK. See NIEDERBRUCK.

BRUCK, BURAK, or BARAK, a river of India beyond the Ganges, which takes its rise in the prov. of Munipur; runs in a circuitous course through the prov. of Cachar and Silhet; and, uniting with the Surmah, flows into the Brahmaputra in N lat. 24° 5'. The total length of its course, which is in a general SW direction, is nearly 150 m.

BRUCK, or FURSTENFELD-BRUCK, a town of Bavaria, in the circle of Upper Bavaria, on the Ammer, 16 m. WNW of Munich. Pop. 1,100. Hops are extensively cultivated in the surrounding district. In the vicinity is the ancient Cistercian abbey of Fürstenfeld, now used as an hospital and a manufactory of arms.

BRUCK, KLOSTER-BRUCK, or LAUKA, a village of Moravia, in the gov. of Brunn, circle and 14 m. ESE of Znaim, on the Taja. Pop. 148. It contains a fine seignorial castle, formerly an abbey, founded in 1190, and suppressed in 1784.

BRUCK-AN-DER-LEITHA, a small garrison town of Austria, in the prov. of Lower Austria, circle and 22 m. SE of Vienna, on the Leitha. Pop. 2,600. There is here a castle, with a fine park and botanic garden, belonging to the counts of Harrach.

BRUCK-AN-DER-MUR, a town of Austria, cap. of a circle of the same name, in the prov. of Styria, circle and 25 m. NNW of Gratz, on the r. bank of the Mur, at the junction of the Mürz, and at an alt. of 1,483 ft. above sea-level. It is well-built, and contains a parish-church and a military magazine, and has several manufactories of iron-ware. The advantages of its situation render its transit trade extremely active. -The circle of B. comprises an area of 73 German sq. m., and contains 11 towns and 252 villages. Pop. in 1830, 73,864; in 1837, 76,271. It is generally mountainous, and encloses many extensive valleys, the principal of which are those of the Mürz and Mühr, and on the NW the Ens. Oats, barley, and lint, are extensively cultivated; cattle are reared in great numbers; and the forests, which are of considerable extent, abound with game. The mountains contain rich mines of copper, lead, alum, and sulphur. BRUCKEN, or BRUGEN, a town of Prussia, in the prov. of Saxony, regency of Merseburg, on the Helme, 5 m. SW of Sangerhausen, and 36 m. NNE of Erfurth. Pop. 850.

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BRUCKENAU, a town of Bavaria, in the circle Unter-Franken-Aschaffenburg, on the Sinn, at the S base of the Hohe Rhone, 45 m. NNW of Wurtzburg. Pop. 1,700. It contains a castle, which is frequently used as a summer residence by the royal family; and has some paper-mills. 1 m. distant is the Bruckenauer-bad, a hamlet containing a pop. of 50, which possesses alkaline ferruginous springs, and the finest and most frequented baths in the kingdom. The presidial, which comprises a circle of 39 sq. m. is intersected by numerous ramifications of the Hohe Rhone, enclosing valleys watered by the Sanderoth, Sinn, Schondra, Tulba, &c. Pop. 9,000. Lint is cultivated in considerable quantities, and great numbers of cattle are reared in its mountain pasturages. Wooden ware forms the chief branch of manufacture.

BRUCOURT, a commune of France, in the dep. of Calvados, cant. of Dives, 15 m. W of Pont-l'Evêque. Pop. 156. It possesses ferruginous springs and baths.

BRUE, BRY, or BRENT (THE), a river of Somerset, which rises in Selwood forest, near Bruton, runs

NW, and falls into Bridgewater bay, near the estuary of the Parrot.

BRUEL, a town of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 15 m. N of Schwerin, at an alt. of 88 ft. above sea-level. Pop. 1,436.

BRUEN-STAPLEFORD, a township in the p. of Tarvin, Cheshire, 4 m. NE of Chester. Area 980 acres. Pop. in 1841, 165.

BRUERA, or CHURTON-HEATH, a chapelry in the p. of St. Oswald, Cheshire. Area 100 acres. Pop. in 1841, 3.

BRUERE, a hamlet of France, in the dep. of Cher, canton and 4 m. NW of Saint-Amand-Mont-Rond, and com. of Celle-Bruère. Pop. 317.

BRUERNE (VILLE), an extra-parochial liberty in Oxfordshire, 5 m. N of Burford. Area 3,510 acres. Pop. in 1841, 46.

BRUFF, a parish in co. Limerick, on the Morningstar rivulet. Area 1,331 acres. Pop. 2,900.

BRUFFIERE (LA), a commune of France, in the dep. of Vendee, cant. and 8 m. ENE of Montaigu. Pop. 2,350.

BRUGAIROLLES, a commune of France, in the dep. of Aude, cant. of Alaigne, on the Sou, 6 m. NE of Limoux. Pop. 463. It formerly possessed small fortifications.

BRUGELETTE, a commune of Belgium, in the prov. of Hainault, on the Dendre, 16 m. NW of Mons. Pop. 1,674. It possesses some linen manufactories, and in the environs are quarries of lime.

tower and spire-the tombs of Charles the Brave, and his daughter, Mary of Burgundy, are preserved with great care. The church of St. Salvador is a fine specimen of the old light-clustered Gothic. Both edifices contain some pictures not much above mediocrity. The old town-house, forming one side of the great square or market-place, has a very lofty tower; the new town-house is a peculiar and striking building. The palais de justice was built in 1722 on the site of the old palace of the counts of Flanders. The exchange is supposed to have been one of the earliest establishments of the kind in Europe, and is still a fine building. Here, during the great fairs, the merchants expose their goods; and retail trade is carried on to a great extent. B. possesses a chamber-of-commerce, an athenæum, an academy of the fine arts, a botanic garden, a public library of 10,000 vols., a school of navigation, and a dock-yard. The pop. in 1816 was 45,000; in 1831, 41,903, of whom 5,000 were paupers; in 1841, 49,345.-The magistracy is composed of 2 burgomasters, 12 echevins, 12 councillors, 10 pensioners, and 2 treasurers.-In former times the trade and manufactures of B. were much more flourishing than at present. In the 14th cent., in particular, it was one of the greatest places of commerce in Europe, forming an important branch of the Hanseatic confederacy, whose principal factory was at B., and, as the central mart for the commerce of the Low Countries, carrying on frequent intercourse with England, Venice, and other foreign states. It was at once a BRUGERON (LE), a commune of France, in the staple for English wool, for the woollen and linen dep. of Puy-de-Dôme, cant. of Olliergues. Pop. 1,244. manufactures of the Netherlands, for the timber, BRUGES, a city of Belgium, the first in Flan- hemp, and flax, pitch and tar, tallow, corn, fish, and ders after Ghent, and, during the domination of ashes of the North; and for the spices and Indian the French, the cap. of the dep. of the Lys. It is commodities, as well as domestic manufactures, imsituated in a spacious and beautiful plain, cultivated ported by the Italian merchants. The fairs of B. for the greater part as grass-fields which come close were the best frequented in Europe. Its corporaunder the walls and ramparts, about 6 m. from tion of weavers, in its best days, is said to have conthe sea, 12 m. E of Ostend, and 60 m. NW of sisted of upwards of 50,000; and its annual export of Brussels; in N lat. 51° 12', E Long. 3° 13′ 20′′. stuff's manufactured from English and Spanish wools [Krayenhoff.]_By railway it is 744 m. from Brussels; to have amounted to 8,000,000 florins. It was at this 1204 m. from Liege; and 200 m. from Cologne. No time under the sovereignty of the dukes of Burgundy, river passes near it, but it is intersected by a number who were great promoters of its trade; but, towards of canals; and is indeed the central point at which the end of the 15th cent., it was treated with great all the canals of the province meet. The principal severity by Van Artevelde, and subsequently by the canals are those leading to Sluys and Ostend. The emperor Fredrick III.; and it likewise suffered severelatter brings up, at high water, vessels of 500 tons; ly in the bloody struggle between the Prince of Orange and opens here into the Kom, a capacious and deep and Philip of Spain. Antwerp became its rival, and basin which is generally crowded with barges and afterwards its superior. On the decay of the latter, galliots. It is likewise connected with Ostend by however, by the shutting up of the Scheldt, B. partly railway 134 m. in length; and with Ghent by a rail-recovered its prosperity; and it still has a considerway 27 m. in length. B. is now "a melancholy able trade with Ostend, Sluys, Ghent, and the north looking town," ,"-"a clean, quiet, dull place." The of Europe, although the opening of the Scheldt has number of streets and lanes is no less than 260; they again proved disastrous to its commercial population. are in general wide and well-lighted, and are kept as B. carries on a commerce in grain, cattle, lint, and clean as those of a Dutch town; the houses are large, agricultural produce. It has manufactories of cotton but old," rather built for the purposes of commerce and woollen goods, soap, leather, and tobacco, besides and comfort, than for an imposing appearance in their extensive breweries, and salt and sugar refineries. architecture." [Macgregor.] The water that supplies There is also a good deal of coarse lace made here the city is conveyed from the Lys and Scheldt, by by the female pop. The value of merchandise placed means of the great canal from Ghent: good fresh in the warehouse in B. on importation in the year water can only be had from a considerable distance. 1841 was 631,819 francs; in 1844, 606,502 francs. The principal public buildings are the town-house, The cheapness of provisions, house-rent, and educathe exchange, and the church of Notre Dame, with tion, has induced many English families to repair to its elevated spire. This city has long been the resi- B. Mr. Macgregor calculated that in 1833 a family dence of a convent of English and Irish nuns. Dur- of 6 persons might live very comfortably in B. for ing the irruption of the French they fled to England, from £120 to £150 per ann., including house-rent, where a convent was fitted up for them by Sir Thomas provisions, one servant, and decent clothing.-B. is Gage; but afterwards returned to their former resi- said to derive its name from the numerous canaldence, and, in the character of instructors of youth, bridges-in Flemish brug-which it contains. In 867 were permitted to remain and enjoy their revenues Count Baldwin erected a castle here. It was made in the country. The number of professed nuns in a bishopric by Paul IV. in 1559, and continued such this convent is 40, besides several unveiled inmates. till taken possession of by the French in 1794. It is There is also a convent of Beguin nuns. In the church again the site of an episcopal see under the archb. of of Notre Dame-a heavy mass of building with a Mechlin. It was in this city that duke Philip the

Good of Burgundy, in compliment to the weavers of Flanders, founded the order of the Golden Fleece, on occasion of his marriage with Isabella of Portugal in 1430. In 1706, it submitted to the allies; in 1708 it was retaken by the French, who were again driven out of it the following year. From the treaty of 1748 until 1793 it remained an appanage of the house of Austria. The French republican troops entered B. in the summer of 1794, when the magistrates made a formal submission, and the town was soon after incorporated with the French empire. In 1798 a considerable force was despatched from England under General Coote, commissioned to destroy the sluices between this place and Ostend: they succeeded in their object, but assailed by a superior force, they were for the most part made prisoners.-The district of B. in 1831 contained a pop. of 94,596, of whom 52,693 were in the 39 rural parishes. It was formerly called "the Free country of B.," from the exclusive privileges obtained by its inhabitants from the counts of Flanders.-Tour through Holland in 1828. London: 1831.-Macgregor's Note Book. London: 1835.-Consular Returns in 1834.-Guide de l'Etranger en Belgique. Bruxelles: 1848.

BRUGES, a commune and town of France, in the dep. of the Basses-Pyrenees, cant. of Nay, 15 m. SSE of Pau. Pop. 1,849. It contains old-established manufactories of coarse cotton and common woollen fabrics.

BRUGG, or BRUCK, a town of Switzerland, cap. of a dist. of the same name, in the cant. of Aargau, on the r. bank of the Aar, near the junction of the Reuss, 12 m. NE of Aarau, and 19 m. NW of Zurich. Pop. (protestant) 929. It is the entrepot of an active transit trade, and is of great antiquity. About 3 m. SSW, near the Aar, on the Wülpelsberg, are some relics of the ancient castle of Habsburg; and the remains of the ancient Vindonissa are in the same locality. The river is here crossed by an old bridge. Further down, the channel narrows, and its navigation is impeded by rocks. This town suffered much from the wars between the confederates and the dakes of Austria, and still more during the civil wars of 1444. It is celebrated as the birthplace of Zimmermann.-The dist. of B. lies partly on the 1. bank of the Aar and partly in the rugged valleys of the Jura. It comprises 5 circles, viz.: Botzen, Brugg, Rain, Veltheim, and Windisch, and is subdivided into 12 parishes. Pop. 14,133.

BRUGGE, a town of Holstein, 12 m. SSW of Kiel, on an affluent of the Eyder.

BRUGGEN, a town of Hanover, in the dist. of Kahlenberg, on the river Leine, SE of Hameln. Pop. 661.-Also a parish of Switzerland, in the cant. and 3 m. from St.-Gallen, on the Sitter.-Also a town of Prussia, in the prov. of the Rhine, regency of Dusseldorf, circle and 12 m. SW of Kempen, on the Schwalmen. Pop. 700. It possesses a handsome parish and a Calvinist church; and has manufactories of cotton, woollen, linen, and silk fabrics, bleacheries, a tannery, and oil-mills.

BRUGHEAS, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Allier, cant. of Escurolles. Pop. 1,828. BRUGNAC, a commune of France, in the dep. of Lot-et-Garonne, cant. of Castelmoron. Pop. 1,054. BRUGNATO, a town of Genoa, prov. and 7 m. NE of Levanto, on the 1. bank of the Vara. Pop. 800. It is the cap. of one of the dioceses of the united bishopric of Sarzano and Brugnato, and contains a theological seminary.

BRUGUIERE (LA). Šee LABruguiere. BRUHL, a town of Prussia, in the prov. of the Rhine, circle and 9 m. S of Cologne. Pop. 1,700. It is surrounded by old walls, and is well-built. The magnificent castle of Augustenburg, erected in

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1725, and formerly the residence of the electors, is, with its gardens, the chief object of local interest. This town, once of great importance, was Mazarin's place of exile in 1651; and in 1680 it was held during an obstinate siege, by the French, against the allies.-Also a village of Austria, in the Wienerwalde circle, near Modling.

BRUHLGING, a town of Bavaria, in the circle of Upper Bavaria, on the r. bank of the Lech, to the S of Augsburg.

BRUILLE-SAINT-AMAND, a commune of France, in the dep. of Nord, cant. of Saint-Amand. Pop. 1,919. It possesses manufactories of brick and coal-mines.

BRUINISSE, a town of Holland, in the prov. of Zeeland, E of Duiveland. Pop. 850.

BRUIN'S POST, a town of South Africa, in the dist. of Albany, on the S bank of the Great Fish river, 10 m. NW of Graham's Town.

BRUIS, a parish in co. Tipperary, on the N side of Slievenamuich [alt. 1,215 ft.]. Area 3,699 acres. Pop. 1.415.

BRUISYARD, a parish of Suffolk, 3 m. ENE of Framlingham. Area 1,330 acres. Pop. in 1841, 296. BRUKO, a kingdom of Senegambia, 150 m. in length from E to W, bounded on the NW by the kingdom of Kasson, on the NE and S by that of Fuladu, and on the W by the kingdom of Bambuk, from which it is separated by the Ba-fing or Black. Its N and NE boundaries are formed by the Kokoro. -Also a town of Senegambia, in the Jemaru territory, on the S bank of the Gambia, opposite M'Carthy island and 10 m. W of Pisania.

BRULEE, a small river of the United States, which flows into the gulf of Fond-du-Lac in Lake Superior, and forms, by its periodical connection with the St. Croix, a communication between that lake and the Mississippi.

BRULEY, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Meurthe, cant. of Toul. Pop. 637. The environs afford good wine.

BRÜLLIOLES, a commune of France, in the dep. of the Rhone, cant. of Saint-Laurent-de-Chamousset, 13 m. from Lyons. Pop. 1,046. It contains some muslin manufactories.

BRULON, a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of the Sarthe, arrond. of La Fleche. The cant. comprises 16 com., and contained in 1831 a pop. of 12,877. The town is 22 m. NNW of La Fleche. Pop. 1,526. It has several tanneries.

BRUMADO, a river of Brazil, in the prov. of Bahia, comarca of Rio-de-Contas, which rises in the Serra das Almas, and flows into the Rio-de-Contas. Also a v. in the prov. of Minas-Geraes, 14 leagues E of Ouro-Preto.

BRUMANA, a Druse village on the lower range of Lebanon, about 4 hours from Beirut.

BRUMATH, or BRUMPT, a canton, commune, and town of France, in the dep. of Bas-Rhin, arrond. of Strasburg.-The cant. comprises 21 com., and in 1831 contained a pop. of 12,877.-The town is situated on the Zorn, 12 m. NNW of Strasburg, and contains a consistorial Protestant church. It is of great antiquity, and is supposed to occupy the place of the ancient Brucomagus.

BRUMBY, a village of Prussian Saxony, in the gov. and 15 m. S of Magdeburg, 3 m. W of Calbe. Pop. 616.

BRUMMEN, a canton and village of Holland, in the prov. of Gelderland, near the 1. bank of the Yssel, 15 m. NE of Arnheim. Pop. 2,500.

BRUMOW, a town of Moravia, in the circle and 27 m. E of Hradisch, near the SW extremity of the Jablunka mountains. Pop. 1,380. It has a fine glass-manufactory; and possesses an active trade in

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BRUNA, a river of Tuscany, in the prov. of Sienna, which takes its rise in the Monte Rotondo, to the W of Prata; runs SSE, and falls into the lake of Castiglione-of which it forms the principal tributary-12 m. ENE of the town of that name. BRUNDALL, a parish of Norfolk, 6 m. E of Norwich, intersected by the railroad from Norwich to Yarmouth. Area 490 acres. Pop. in 1841, 52. BRUNDEL, a town of Bohemia, circle of Budwees, in which there are mineral springs and baths. BRUNDISH, a parish of Suffolk, 4 m. NNW of Framlington. Area 1,380 acres. Pop. in 1841, 525. BRUNECK, BRUNECKEN, or PRUNECKEN, a town of Tyrol, the cap. of a circle of the same name, sometimes known as the circle of the Pusterthall and Eisack, 42 m. SW of Innspruck. It is situated on the r. bank of the Rienz, at the foot of a castellated eminence, in a fertile and extensive plain surrounded by mountains, and at an alt. of 2,780 ft. above sea-level. Pop. 1,471. It contains a capuchin and an ursuline convent, and a custom-house. In the environs are mineral springs and baths.-B. formerly belonged to the bishops of Brixen, and was erected into a town in 1288.

BRUNET ISLAND, a small island near the S coast of Newfoundland, at the entrance of Fortune bay, in N lat. 47° 15', W long. 55° 55'. It is about 5 m. in length. Off the W end are some islets called the Little Brunets.

BRUNETE, a small town of Spain, in the prov. of New Castile, 18 m. W of Madrid.

BRUNETTE (LA), a town of Piedmont, in the prov. and 2 m. NW of Susa, on a tributary of the Doire. Its fortifications were dismantled in 1798. BRUNFLO, a village of Sweden, in the laen and 7 m. SE of Ostersund, on the western arm of the Storsjou.

BRUNHAMEL, a commune of France, in the dep. of Aisne, cant. of Rosoy, 36 m. from Laon. Pop. 872..

BRUNI. See BORNEO PROPER. BRUNIG, a town of Switzerland, on the S border of the cant. of Unterwalden, to the S of a small lake in which the Aa takes its rise.

BRUNIGEN, a town of Switzerland, in the cant. and 35 m. ESE of Bern, and 5 m. E of Brienz, near the N bank of the Aar.

BRUNIQUEL, a commune and town of France, in the dep. of Tarn-et-Garonne, cant. of Montclar, 18 m. E of Montauban. It has some iron-manufactories.

BRUNN, a government or administrative province of Austria, comprising Moravia and Austrian Silesia. Area 498.27 German, or 10,582 English sq. m.; with a pop. in 1827 of 1,990,464; in 1837, of 2,074,246; and in 1842, of 2,223,729. It is subdivided into 8 circles, of which 6 are Moravian and 2 Silesian. The Moravian circles are B., Olmutz, Prerau, Hradisch, Iglau, and Znaim; the Silesian, Troppau and Teschen. The prov. comprises 119 towns, 178 market-towns, and 3.675 villages. See articles MORAVIA and SILESIA.-The circle of B. has an area of 1,820 sq. m., with a pop. in 1837 of 366,226. Its northern districts are mountainous; its southern, more level, and productive in corn, wine, and flax. Its principal streams are the Zwittova,

Schwarza, and Iglava, branches of the Thaya. Its principal towns are Brunn, St.-Nikolsburg, Austerlitz, Boskourtz, Auspitz, and Göding.

BRUNN [MORAV. Brno], the cap. of Moravia, and of the above gov. and circle, is situated near the confluence of the Schwarza and Zwittova, 70 m. N of Vienna, and 92 m. by railroad. On the SW and E it is surrounded by a level plain; on the N it is backed by two hills forming the extreme point of a spur stretching from the Bohemio - Moravian chain. On the most westerly of the two hills [alt. 1,000 ft. above sea-level] rise the dark towers of the celebrated Spielberg, the bastile of Austria. The city and its suburbs spread over the foot and acclivity of the other hill called the Petersberg, while the cathedral of St. Peter crowns the plateau on its summit, which commands a noble prospect. The city is described by Spencer as a miniature Vienna, surrounded by high walls and a deep graban, from which its 14 faubourgs extend. It has also a glacis, a fine park, and public gardens on the Franzensberg, a portion of the Petersberg. It has many narrow streets, but contains seven large open squares, several of which are decorated with fountains; and its numerous churches, surmounted by their spires and shining cupolas, with its high-placed cathedral, and frowning Spielberg, confer on it "a most citylike appearance."-The houses are about 2,000, of which one-half are in the suburbs. The church of St. James, built between 1314 and 1480; the church of the Minorites; the dikasterial-haus, or palace of the governor, formerly an Augustine abbey; the barracks, formerly a Jesuits' college, and the palaces of Prince Dietrichstein, and Prince Kaunitz, are among the finest edifices. Its pop., including the garrison, is about 42,000, chiefly Catholics, having nearly doubled within the last 30 years. Of this pop. about one-half reside in the suburbs. B. is the seat of government for Moravia; and the see of a bishop, suffragan of Olmutz, whose diocese comprises the circles of B., Iglau, and Znaim. The Lutheran superintendent of Moravia and Silesia resides here; and the high courts of the province are held here. Among the educational establishments in B. are a theological high school with 6 professors, a diocesan seminary, a lyceum with 6 professors, a royal gymnasium with 8 teachers, a polytechnic school, a deaf and dumb school, a museum, a public library, and a cabinet of natural history.-B. owes its prosperity to its manufactures. It is the principal seat of the woollen manufactures of Austria. It has likewise extensive manufactories of silk and cotton wares; and some steam-engine and machinery works; and is celebrated for its leather manufactories.-In the earliest chronicles of the city, the Spielberg is spoken of as the Brunnerburg or citadel of B.; it received its present name in the 14th cent. During the 13th, 14th, and 15th cent., it was the residence of the margraves of Moravia, and the diets of the country were frequently held within its walls. In 1740 it was converted into a state-prison; and the last remnants of its fortifications were destroyed by the French in 1809. It is used not only for state-prisoners, but for all criminals who have been condemned to more than ten years' imprisonment. It usually contains about 300 prisoners, of whom one-fourth are women.

-The Northern or Emperor's railroad, running from Vienna to Prague, at Lundenburg, 11 German m. from Vienna, divides into two branches, one of which, turning NNE, runs up the valley of the Morava to Prerau, where it sends off a branch to Oppeln and Breslau; while the other fork proceeds to Olmutz, and then circles round by Neustadt and Hohenstadt, to Tribitz, where it joins the other branch of the Northern railroad, which runs NNW, from Lunden

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