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ARTICLE I-Continued.

Borrowing of money. - 2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States.

Regulation of commerce. - 3. To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes.

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Naturalization and bankruptcy. - 4. To establish uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States.

Money, weights and measures. - 5. To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures.

Counterfeiting. - 6. To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States.

Post offices.- 7. To establish Post Offices and post Roads.

Patents and copyrights. - 8. To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.

Inferior courts. - 9. To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court.

Piracies and felonies. - 10. To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of Nations.

War; marque and reprisal. - 11. To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water.

ARTICLE I - Continued.

Armies.- 12. To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years.

Navy.- 13. To provide and maintain a Navy.

Land and naval forces. - 14. To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces.

Calling out militia.- 15. To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions.

Organizing, arming and disciplining militia.- 16. Το provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States, respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress.

Exclusive legislation over District of Columbia.17. To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;and

To enact laws necessary to enforce Constitution.18. To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all

ARTICLE I-Continued.

other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

SECTION 9.

Migration or importation of certain persons not to be prohibited before 1808.- 1. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

Writ of habeas corpus not to be suspended; exception.-2. The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.

Bills of attainder and ex post facto laws prohibited.3. No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.

Capitation and other direct taxes. -*4. No capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

Exports not to be taxed.- 5. No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.

No preference to be given to ports of any State; interstate shipping. - 6. No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.

* See sixteenth amendment.

ARTICLE I- Continued.

Money, how drawn from treasury; financial statements to be published. - 7. No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.

Titles of nobility not to be granted; acceptance by government officers of favors from foreign powers.8. No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.

SECTION 10.

Limitations of the powers of the several States. — 1. No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts or grant any Title of Nobility.

State imposts and duties.- 2. No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Control of the Congress.

ARTICLE I - Continued.

Further restrictions on powers of States. - 3. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.

ARTICLE II.

SECTION 1.

The President; the executive power. - 1. The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows:

Appointment and qualifications of presidential electors. 2. Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.

Original method of electing the President and VicePresident.- * [The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the

* This clause has been superseded by the twelfth amendment.

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