from those in nonarid States, the need for experiments and systematized knowledge in agriculture is very great.

Section 4 of the Congressional act relating to experiment stations provides "that bulletins or reports of progress shall be published at the said stations at least once in three months." The first bulletin of the station was issued in August, 1887, under the title Reports of Experiments in Irrigation and Meteorology, by Prof. Elwood Mead. Since that time over forty of these bulletins have been issued. Among the subjects investigated may be mentioned grains, grasses, alfalfa, sugar beets, potatoes, apples, strawberries, tobacco, the Russian thistle, milk, insects, soils and alkali, weeds, seepage, artesian wells, cattle feeding.

The main station is located at the Agricultural College and the substations at Rockyford and Cheyenne Wells. The president of the college is director of the experiment station, and nearly all the officers of the station are also members of the college faculty.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION.

The official reports to the governor and to the State superintendent of public instruction, especially the Eighteenth Annual Report, containing a historical sketch by President Ellis.

Chapter VI.

THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

Section 12 of the act which established the State University in the year 1877 provides as follows:

The university shall include a classical, philosophical, normal, scientific, law, and other departments.

It was, therefore, originally intended that the university should do the work of a normal school. A normal course was established at the university and continued to exist until the year 1889, when the State Normal School was established. The normal work done at the university included but little direct pedagogical instruction, and it was thought by many that such instruction could better be given in an independent normal school.

The "Act to establish, govern, and maintain a State normal school" was passed by the State legislature in the session of 1889, approved on April 1 of that year, and went into effect on July 1. It provided as follows:

A State normal school is hereby established at or near the city of Greeley, in the county of Weld, and State of Colorado, the purpose of which shall be instruction in the science and art of teaching, with the assistance of a suitable practice department, and in such branches of knowledge as shall qualify teachers for their profession: Provided, That a donation shall be made of a site for said normal school, consisting . of 40 acres of land, with a building erected thereon according to plans and specifications furnished by the State board of education, and to cost not less than $25,000, $10,000 of which shall be paid by the State, as hereinafter provided:

The act further provided for the government of the Normal School by a board of six trustees, to be appointed by the governor, two for two years, two for four years, and two for six years, and thereafter two to be appointed every two years for a term of service of six years. The State superintendent was also to be ex officio a member of the board.

An appropriation of $20,000 was made, half of which was to be used for the building, and the other half for furniture and for the running expenses of the school during the year 1890.

The city of Greeley and holders of property in Greeley provided the 40 acres above mentioned and $15,000 in cash, and the work of erecting a building was begun. According to the approved plans the

building was to be a large edifice of brick, trimmed with red sandstone, 240 feet in length. It was not possible, with the limited funds at the disposal of the board, to do more than erect the east wing, which was completed in the year 1891.

The Normal School opened its doors to students on October 6, 1890, with a faculty of five teachers in the Normal School proper and five in the model school, under the presidency of Thomas J. Gray. The other members of the normal faculty were Paul H. Hanus, A. M., professor of pedagogy; Margaret Morris, English and history; Mary D. Reid, mathematics and geography, and John R. Whiteman, vocal music.

On November 25, 1890, President Gray reported 76 students in the normal classes and 255 in the model school. In this report President Gray writes as follows:

With a view of giving this completeness to the school system of the State, the friends of the public schools ask for a State Normal School. The young men and women of the State have a right to expect at home as good opportunities for preparation for teaching as they can find in other States. The State must meet their demand or they will seek such advantages elsewhere, and the State will lose them from her schools. The act of the last general assembly creating the school brings the State into line with New York, Pennsylvania, etc. It now only remains for the general assembly to make such provision for the financial support of the Normal School of Colorado as will meet its necessities and enable it to fulfill the purpose of its creation.

On September 8, 1891, President Gray was succeeded by Z. X. Snyder, Ph. D., as president and professor of psychology and science of education. The faculty was increased in members and the courses of study were reorganized. The normal course included five yearspreparatory, freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior-and the work as laid down in the catalogue was equivalent to that done in a good high school. The model school comprised the usual eight grades of a public school.

The general policy of the Normal School is expressed in the catalogue for 1891:

The function of the Normal School is to make teachers. To do this it must not only keep abreast the times, but it must lead the educational van. It must project the future. There must be within it a continual growth in scholarship, power, culture, and influence; such scholarship, such power, such culture, such influence as will grow strong men and women equipped for the work of teaching. To this end those who graduate must be scholars and teachers-teachers possessing a high type of character. To make the former there must be strong academic departments; the latter, strong professional training. In short, the function of the school is to promote and elevate the teacher, and by so doing promote and elevate the profession of teaching, which will result in the rise of the general intelligence and culture of the people of the State.

Under the administration of President Snyder the Normal School soon became thoroughly organized. The kindergarten department

was opened in 1892. The normal building was increased to its present size in 1893. The faculty was gradually increased in numbers and efficiency. The equipment in the various departments was rendered more and more complete. The number of students increased until the year 1896, when it reached its maximum. The number of graduates has steadily increased.

At a meeting of the board of trustees, held June 2, 1897, a resolution was passed making the course three years, namely: Sophomore, junior, and senior years. The resolution regulates the admission.

1. All who enter must give evidence of good moral character.

2. High school graduates, or those having at least an equivalent education, may enter the junior class without examination.

3. Persons who hold a teacher's certificate will be admitted to the sophomore class without examination. All also who have an equivalent education will be admitted. 4. Graduates of other normal schools of high standing will be admitted to the senior year.

5. College graduates will be admitted to the senior year.

REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION.

Any person who completes the required course of study, and who possesses skill in the art of teaching, and who is of good moral character, will receive a diploma, which, according to law, is a life certificate to teach in the State of Colorado; and, in addition, he will have conferred upon him by the trustees and faculty of the institution the degree of Bachelor of Pedagogy.

The courses of study are as follows:

Sophomore year: Algebra; geometry; biology; literature and English; reading and physical culture; Latin, German, French, Spanish, or English.

Junior year: Psychology; history and English; Latin, German, French, Spanish, or English; reading and physical culture; drawing; Sloyd, domestic economy, sewing, or library work; arithmetic; observation and pedagogy.

Senior year: Philosophy and history of education; physiography; physics and chemistry; model practice and pedagogy; literature and English; American history; music; art.

In the kindergarten department a two years' course of study is offered, including psychology, history of pedagogy, philosophy of