Father are oue, and that St. Paul (1 Cor. iii. 8.) describes himself and Apollos as one, he would have hefitated in quoting it as proving a confubftantiality.

In a note (p. 41.) Mr. B. lays additional itress on this phrase the Son of God, as a full proof of Chrift's divinity, implying, (he ob. ferves,) the fame kind of relation to God, as that of a man to his father: that is, coeffentially with God, and confequently equality of nature and divinity in its full extent.'

Without offering any strictures on the legitimacy of this corollary, or engaging in a controverfy, where debate feems only to make opinions diverge fill farther from each other, we shall content ourfelves with offering this obvious remark, that, as the doctrine of the Trinity, if true, is not a mere matter of fpeculation, but is, as Mr. B. obferves, an object of practical duty which fhould force itself into all our devotional addreffes, we might expect in Chriftianity, which is faid to be a fyftem of religion defigned for the poor and the wayfaring man though a fool, (i.e, for perfons of plain and common understandings,) to find the duty refulting from the doctrine clearly expreffed, however incomprehenfible the doctrine may be in itself: but there is nothing of this kind to be found in the New Testament. In Eph. . 18. we read of having access to the Father through. the Son and by the Spirit: but no where of a joint address to them as three perfons in one God. It would narrow the ground of controverfy, could the former be fubftituted for the latter.

So far from wishing to derogate from the merit of this difcourfe because all its arguments do not ftrike us as conclufive, we would not difmifs it, without giving it as our opinion, that it is extremely well written.

Art. 48. Serious Cautions to young Students. Preached before the University of Cambridge, on Commencement-Sunday, July 4, 1790; to which is added, a Sermon preached before the Uni. verity on Christmas-day, 1772. By Thomas Stevens, D. D. 4to. pp. 20. IS. Cadell.

In the first of these fermons, from Proverbs, xix. 27. Dr. S. laments that young men, in places confecrated to fcience and religion, fhould exclude themselves from the most valuable acquifitions. and improvements, by their extreme indolence, diffipation, and licentioufnefs. Against thefe vices, he feriously cautions the ftodent; and he moreover reminds him of the dangerous fnares and feducing inftructions, which learning itself throws in his way. He recommends philofophy to be made the useful fervant of religion; and not to be fuffered to become its mafter and tyrant.

In the fecond fermon, he replies to the questions of his text, Matth. xxii. 42. What think ye of Chrift? whofe son is be? and from his being called David's lord as well as David's fon, he infers the divine and human natures of Chrift. How far this inferencefatisfied the University of Cambridge, or will fatisfy his readers, we fhall not prefume to determine.

The fermons are well written.

† ἵνα ὦσιν ἓν καθὼς ἡμεῖς ἓν ἐσμεν The very fame expresion that is ufed by John, x. 30.

Art.

Art. 49. On Faith and Election, preached before the University of Cambridge, Dec. 5, 1790. By Thomas Hayter, A. M. &c. 8vo. pp. 25: IS. Payne, &c.

179!.

From a misconception (as Mr. H. obferves) of the words ele, saved, chofen, justified, and other Jewish phrafes, thick clouds of error have overspread the Chriftian hemifphere. Thefe expreffions denote, in general, agreeable to the tenor of their impart in the Old Testament, perfons poffeffing a contingent profpe&t of falvation, held out gratuitously, but attainable only conditionally, through a compliance with moral and religious ftipulations. This explanation here given by Mr. H. we believe to be strictly juft; and whoever wishes to obtain a more full view of the fcriptural meaning of these phrases, than is here exhibited, may confult the Key to the Apoftolic Writings prefixed to Taylor's Paraphrafe on the Romans; which, as ftrongly corroborating Mr. H.'s fentiments, we were rather furprised he did not quote.

His fubfequent remarks on Faith and Ele&ion, built on the above foundation, are rational, and fuch as tend to make Scripture harmonize with itself. According to Mr. H.'s explanation, the elect may, with fome propriety, be exhorted to give diligence to make their calling and election fure, but not on the Calvinistic theory.

Election, (concludes Mr. H.) in the condition of its tenure, feems to refemble an earthly inheritance. This fortunate poffeffion, we well know, properly improved, enriches and bleffes its propri etor; but entirely uncultivated, prefents a scene of difgufting defolation, totally devoid of any useful or ornamental product.' Art. 50. Preached at the Archdeacon's Vifitation, April 23, 1790, in the Church of St. Mary, Ipfwich. By George Rogers, M. A. Rector of Broughton, Suffolk. 8vo. pp. 21. 6d. Johnfon. We are pleased to find that a difcourfe, fo rational, fcriptural, and fenfible as this, fo favourable to liberty, and so just to that fpiritual worship which Chriftianity inculcates as of effential moment, is published at the request of fome of the clergy prefent.". The place, the object, and the nature of Christian worth p, are here confidered in an intelligent and inftructive manner, from John, iv.23. As a fpecimen, we fhall tranfcribe two fhort paffages.It is to no purpose to be zealous for the place, or ceremonies of worship, when the doctrines of it are erroneous; much lefs to plead antiquity for the continuance of what ought never to have been admitted.'In another place it is added, that churches, as well as individuals, have not erred, is too much for human frailty to affume. We are allowed to fay, that the church of Jerufalem, of Antioch, of Alexandria, of Rome, have erred; and if we do not arrogate to ourfelves that infallibility, which was the caufe of our feparation from the latter, we may have erred likewife. But if candor will permit us to fee our errors, and if we have good fenfe to correct them, we may be in time to avoid the fate that now awaits the See of Rome, which is tottering to its very bafis, by the weight of its own corruptions. Such fentiments fhew that the author is animated by a laudable zeal for the REAL HONOUR, and BEST INTERESTS, of true religion, whatever may be its eftablishment, or its denomination.

Art. 51. An Apology for Efau: preached in the Parish Church of St. Andrew, Plymouth, at the Archdeacon's Vifitation, May 21, 1790. By Thomas Alcock, A. M. Vicar of Runcorn in Chefhire. 8vo. pp. 62. Is. 6d. Law, &c. 1791.

The defign of this termon is to vindicate the character of Efau at the expence of that of Jacob. The former is praised for his honesty, generofity, and filial piety; the latter is condemned as a cruel and treacherous fupplanter, who, to obtain the birth-right, as the author expreffes it, told fibs, and dodged with a hungry belly. Neither the quellion i:felf, nor the manner in which it is treated, has been fufficiently interefting to enable us to make our way through this long difcourfe, without much liftlefinefs and fatigue. The fermon is very incorrealy printed.

Art. 52. The Death of a great Man improved. Preached at Bristol in confequence of the Deceafe of the Rev. Richard Price, D. D. F. R. S. &c. &c. who departed this Life April 19, 1791, in the' 68th Year of his Age. By Thomas Wright. 8vo. PP. 34. 15. Johnson.

We have here an highly commendable tribute of friendship to the memory of Dr. Price, whofe public fpirit and Chriftian virtues Mr. Wright has, we believe, exhibited with great fidelity. As the character of such a man cannot be too much known, this preacher confulted the improvement of his hearers in this biographical fermon. Few are the occafions of recommending virtue, religion, and public fpirit, by fuch an example; whenever, therefore, they occur, religious inftructions are laudably employed in attempting to improve them. The text is 2 Sam. iii. 38. a paffage often affixed by way of motto to fermons on the death of celebrated perfons.

GENTLEMEN,

CORRESPONDENCE.

To the MONTHLY REVIEWERS.

it

As s the favourable opinion which you have been pleased to exprefs, in general terms, of my Treatile on Wheel-carriages, (Rev. for July, p. 340,) will, no doubt, introduce it to the attention of mechanicians, I am very folicitous to obviate your objection to the reafening contained in its ninth fection; that is exceedingly obvious, that if the height of the wheels of a twowheeled carriage vary, the pofition of the line of draught must alfo vary." This does not appear to me to be the cafe; for, as the height of the shafts or traces from the ground, (at their ends which are attached to the carriage,) by no means depends on the height of the wheels, the line of traction might remain the fame, or even be raifed with low, or depreffed with high, wheels, without any alteration of the height of the traces where attached to the animal drawing-if fo, the load being thrown more or lefs behind the wheels fo fituated cannot depend on their height, I therefore reasoned on a fuppofition, that the line of draught remained always parallel to the plane of afcent.

It is a mistake, that I mentioned as a common opinion, that "the higher the wheels of a two-wheeled carriage are, the more the load is thrown behind them," (or, as I understand, their centre,) in "afcending

afcending bills:" but that the difadvantages attending a carriage. fufpended above or below its centre of gravity, are increased by the increafed fize of its wheels; because the load overhangs that part of a large wheel which touches the afcending plane, more than it would a fmall one, as a reference to page 46, and the correfponding plate, will fhew. I hope you will excufe the liberty I take in this vindication, which I lay before you, as judges for the public, and the fatisfaction of myfelf, who am too well acquainted with your Review to doubt your juftice.

I remain, Gentlemen, very refpectfully,

• Bridgewater, Aug. 17,1791.'

Your obliged obedient humble fervant, ROB. ANSTICE." We shall only add to Mr. A.'s remarks, that all the two-wheeled carriages, which we have feen, have the shafts attached immediately to the axle; and therefore the height of the line of draught at that end must depend on the height of the wheels, and confequently the poution of that line alfo: nor do we fee how the fhafts can be attached otherwife to fuch a carriage without great and manifeft difadvantage. In refpect to the mistake which Mr. A. fays we have made, we allow that, in endeavouring to contract his meaning into few words, we have not expreffed oarfelves with perfect accuracy: but no false reasoning has been introduced in confequence of it.

4 GENTLEMEN,

To the MONTHLY REVIEWERS.

AS perceive, by your review of Mr. Leach's Treatife on Univerfal Inland Nagation, that the author affumes to himself whatever merit may belong to the difcovery of a new method of constructing canals by means of inclined planes, inftead of locks, I cannot deny myself the pleasure of relating to you a little eventful history of an unfortunate child of genius, who has many years been removed beyond the reach of envious detraction; and I perfuade myfelf you will permit this fhort tale of departed merit to be recorded in your useful journal:

• John Edyvean, a native of Cornwall, was born to affluent circumftances, but diffipated his wealth in pursuits that had for their object the good of mankind, although he failed to obtain their fanction and support. His whole life was spent in vain endeavours to complete projects of a vast extent, from which he derived only. the mortification of being confidered by his friends as an airy schemer, with whom it was dangerous to be connected: nevertheless, there remain to this day, in that county, feveral monuments of his ingenuity that excite the admiration of kindred talents, and the prefent regret of every one that he was not able to effect his views. About the year 1777, he laid before a county meeting of Cornwall, the plan of a canal for traverfing the whole kingdom without a fingle lock, by means of inclined planes; but it was rejected as wild and chimerical.-Before he died, however, he found the means of thewing its practicability, by a small specimen of such a work.

The ufe that is made of fea-fand for the purposes of manure, in the county of Cornwall, is well known. The inhabitants carry this fand from the coafts into the interior parts of the county, by land carriage, twenty miles and upwards. Our projector conceived the defign, in the latter part of his days, of making a navigable canal to fave this labour; and, by confining his attention to this fole object, he, in part, accomplished it, under very difadvantageous circumstances.

His pecuniary resources were very nearly exhaufted; the whole world, as well as his nearest relations, had abandoned to his fate a man whom no loffes could divert from what they deemed vifionary purfuits. The prejudices of the country were frongly against him, fince a great number of perfons reaped benefit from employing their teams in carrying the fand, at feafons when they had little elfe to do; and poor Edyvean himfelt was wearing down apace by age, and was very nearly blind. He fruggled under all these difficulties with a chearfulness and a perfeverance that

* See Rev. for Augift laßt, p. 400.

gained him no less admiration than compaffion. In the year 1779, he had finished this canal up to the town of St. Columb, about fix miles from the fea. It approached the fea no nearer than to the fummit of an immense cliff, down which he had confructed an inclined plane, for drawing up the fand from the shore, on the principles explained by Mr. Leach. On this fpot, and throughout the whole course of the canal, there was an abundant display of mechanic contrivance. In that year, I went with fome friends to vifit this work. We overtook the poor old man, groping his way by the fide of his canal, and leading a miferable little horse in his hand. We joined him, and he conducted us to all the parts of this ingenious work, with the intelligence of one who had formed the whole, inch by inch,-and this alone can account for the cafe and fafety with which, in his blind state, he paffed through every part of it. We dined together, and he gave us a little hiftory of his life; the prominent parts of which were, the hardships he had suffered from the ignorance and prejudices of his compatriots.-Agreeably furprized at finding fo precious a jewel in this obfcure nook of the country, and fincerely lamenting his fate, I fhall now feel a real fatisfaction in feeing a remembrance of him before the public eye, and in doing him an act of justice, in respect to an idea which he cer tainly first conceived.

Sept. 11, 1791.

I am, Gentlemen, your obedient Servant,

B.

We think ourselves much honoured by the Author of a fpirited SONNET, written in approbation of our unaltered and unalterable fentiments relative to the highly important fubject of LIBERTY: but as it would ill become us to publish our own panegyric, we can only, in this manner, pay our acknowlegements to the unknown animated writer, for the mark of diftinction which he has been pleased to bestow on us.

+*+ Mr. Ellis will fee his Letter duly noticed, in the Table of Errata given in our Appendix to Vol. V. of the New Series, publifhed with this month's Review.

*+* We have received a long letter from Mr. Coote, in which he controverts our opinions refpecting his book, and re-afferts his own. As he has neither advanced any new arguments, nor altered our fentiments by the repetition of the old, we do not think it neceffary to print his letter, nor to comment farther on it.

* The letter from A Friend to the Slaves,' is left at Mr. Becket's, with the fuperfcription S. W. according to his defire.

** Another Correfpondent, under the fignature of S. W. recommends to us a measure which we must decline, from motives that can only be affigned in a private letter.

** Mr. Williams's Natural Hiftory of the Mineral Kingdom will be noticed in our next Number.

+++ We shall attend to T. Y.'s' fecond polite letter. The entire fubject of his former remark is likely to come, in a short time, regularly before us, in confequence of fome capital operations in point, which Meffrs. Lavoifier and Seguin have lately undertaken. In the mean time, he may be affured, that the gentleman to whom he alludes, is mistaken in every circumftance mentioned by T.Y.'

In our laft Review, p. 468, 1. 26, for operate,' r. operating.