at the approaching of the revolutionary period, he was deprived of his place and power. The Old Magazine.-This is an ancient octagonal building, on the square, erected above one hundred and twenty years since, from which Governor Dunsmore, in 1775, removed the gunpowder of the colony on board the man-of-war Magdalen, then in the harbor. This act excited the people to form the first armed forces assembled in opposition to the British government. YORKTOWN, Seventy miles from Richmond, is situated on the right bank of York river, and is distinguished for the closing military scene of the American revolution, the surrender of Lord Cornwallis, which put a close to the struggle between Great Britain and the new states. It was founded in 1705, and was formerly much more flourishing than it now is. The number of inhabitants is very much reduced, so that it is hardly worthy of the name of a village, containing scarcely forty houses, and these marked by decay. York county was one of the eight original counties into which Virginia was divided in 1634. The situation is pleasant, and many of the scenes are fine. The York Tavern, in the village, is believed to be the oldest in the state. The ruins of the old church have a sad and solemn aspect. It was built above one hundred and fifty years ago, and destroyed by fire in 1814. The bell is preserved, and bears this inscription :— "County of York, Virginia, 1725." The walls of the building were composed of marl, which was soft when first dug from the ground, but hardened like stone after a little time. degrees Fahrenheit, and remains uniformly the same, winter and summer. The principal spring yields about eighteen gallons per minute, and is never increased or diminished by any changes of weather. The water is perfectly clear and transparent, and deposites copiously, as it floats over a rough and uneven surface of rocks, a white precipitate-sometimes, under peculiar circumstances, red and black-composed in part of its ingredients. Its taste and smell, fresh at the spring, are those of all waters so strongly impregnated with sulphuretted hydrogen gas. The fountain is enclosed and covered by a circular edifice, about thirty feet in diameter, supported by pillars like the cupola of a church or other public building, except that in place of a weathercock, or some religious emblem, the summit is handsomely embellished with a large marble figure of Hygeia (the goddess of health), presented by the late Mr. Henderson, of New Orleans, in a spirit of gratitude for the benefit he had received at this noble fountain. Here visiters resort early in the morning, to quaff from two to six glasses of water impregnated chiefly with sulphate of lime, sulphate of magnesia, and sulphate of soda. Within two hundred yards of the spring, in the centre of the valley, which here spreads out nearly to a plane surface, and at the lower end of a lawn of some eight or ten acres, stands the dining hall, near two hundred feet long, with tables to seat six hundred guests. From one hundred and fifty to two hundred cabins and cottages are ranged along at considerable elevation above the spring, in curvilinear form, adapted to the sinuThe White Sulphur Spring, in Green-osities of the mountain base that skirts briar county, two hundred and twelve miles from Richmond, is situated in an elevated and beautifully picturesque valley, hemmed in by mountains on every side, and in the midst of the celebrated "spring region." Its elevation above tidewater is two thousand feet. It bursts with boldness from rock-lined apertures, and is enclosed by marble casements five feet square and three and a half feet deep. Its temperature is sixty-two the valley, and other irregularities of the site; but still making nearly an oblong square, and occupying a line of perhaps nearly a mile in its entire length, enclosing an area of ten or twelve acres, well set in blue grass, intersected with dry walks for exercise, and ornamented with that variety of trees which seems characteristic of this region. Here the native oak in all its grandeur; ther symmetrical sugar-maple; next again the hickory (that of the old stock), and | between the logs or boards are filled, hard by the locust. These beautiful forest-trees have been so judiciously left and pruned, as not to conceal or smother what they were intended to shade and beautify; and make, with the cottages, especially when these are lighted up at night, altogether a fine panorama. Lord Morpeth and other distinguished foreigners have, in their admiration, pronounced the bath at the Warm and the White Sulphur springs-for arrangement and extent of accommodations, scenery, and health-giving qualities of the water-far superior to any similar resorts in Europe. The cabins are all of brick, or neatly framed, finished, and painted, with a nice piazza separately railed in for each. Many of them display handsome and chaste specimens of architecture. Travellers leaving Baltimore in the morning, by the railroad, reach Winchester the same evening; thence travel by post-coach, along a Macadamized turnpike, one hundred miles up the valley of Stanton; sup and lodge the next night at Cloverdale; and the second morning breakfast at the Warm springs. The warm bath is forty feet in diameter and six feet in depth, ninety-eight degrees Fahrenheit, and withal clear as crystal and sparkling as champagne. A NEGRO CABIN.-There is considerable difference in the form, size, and materials of the habitations of negroes in Virginia, especially if we include those in the principal towns. That represented in the cut may be taken as a specimen of the largest and best kind ordinarily seen in the country. The negro huts are usually built in clusters; those for the family servants forming a quadrangle in the yard, and others being placed at a greater or less distance from the house of the planter, according to the extent of his estate. Most of them are built of logs or the bodies of small trees; the materials differ, however, in certain parts of the country; some of the poorer white people dwelling in huts of a similar description. The arrangements and furniture are of the simplest kind. The chinks entirely or partly, with moss or clay; the chimneys are formed of small sticks and covered with mud; the floor is the ground, which often serves for beds at night. The following is from a recent letterwriter: De "Not long ago, I attended a funeral of an aged female slave. About the grave were gathered some two score of negroes; and as the coffin descended into the tomb, the moistened eye of every one bespoke the touched heart; and an old man, with half-choked utterance, said: 'Cry not, my friends, our sister has gone from us, but we mus meet her de oder side of de grave. great Master has sent for her, and she is now at home. God grant we be dere too!' The chips made in constructing the coffin, were burned in a fire made for the purpose in the open air, as they believe that death will soon enter the family on whose hearth-stone they are burned. Several weeks after the burial the sermon is preached. Crowds of slaves attend, and all are treated abundantly to refreshments of every kind. "An old servant, who often speaks of the surrender at Yorktown, and of the scenes that were witnessed at the time by him—and who told me that he 'learned to read' when he went with his young master to college'-now that he is exempt from labor, spends his time in reading his bible, and in 'fighting his battles over again.' I often see him of a Sunday evening, surrounded by an audience of his own race, reading and explaining the Scriptures to them; and they, in the meantime, manifest their appreciation of the sacred word, by looks of the most active interest, and expressions of joy and comfort." WELLSBURG, eighty-seven miles from Pittsburg, on the Ohio river, has a bank, a courthouse, five churches, with several manufactories, and about two thousand inhabitants. BETHANY is eight miles east from Wellsboro'. It is a small village, but is the seat of Bethany College, an institution with about one hundred pupils. POCAHONTAS.-No other Indian fe- a boat, left it with his companions at male ever rendered such a service to a white man as Pocahontas, under circumstances so well calculated to excite admiration. All have read the simple narrative of her intercession to save the life of Captain Smith, at that critical period when his death would probably have led to the extirpation of his little suffering colony. But perhaps many have lost sight of one circumstance which is calculated to enhance its effect upon the feelings. We refer to the tender years of the heroine: she was a child of only twelve or thirteen years of age. From the accounts we have of the case, we see abundant reason to believe that nothing could have directed her in the course she pursued, but a strong natural dictate of humanity. Yet why she should have been so affected in that case, it is difficult to say, as it may be presumed she had witnessed scenes of cruelty, bloodshed, and murder, among the savage race, and in the savage family to which she belonged. Many of the actions of Indians, we find on nearer acquaintance with them, are dictated by some of their strange superstitious notions. A dream, an unusual sight or sound, or some other trifle, they often believe to be connected with something which gives it importance. This is especially true of the men, whose dreams in their initiatory fasts decide some important point for life. We have no particular reason, however, to assign such a motive to Pocahontas, any more than to the celebrated Indian princess who figures so remarkably in the early history of New England-the wife of Mononotto, the Pequod sachem, whose refinement and dignity, as well as her humanity, excited the admiration of Governor Winslow, familiar as he was with the manners of the English court. It was in the gloomy year when the little colony at Jamestown (the first which survived the trials of the settlement) was reduced to such sufferings by the scarcity of food, that Smith, with the determination of relieving them, ventured among the Indians in the interior, and after proceeding up James river in the landing, and went on toward the dwelling of Powhatan. This would, probably, have appeared only a bold step, if he had met with no difficulty; but we are so prone to judge of an act by its consequences, that when we see him falling into a snare, laid on a rock, and a war-club raised to dash out his brains, we are ready to call him inconsiderate and rash. He appeared to have retained his presence of mind through all his dangers, and by happy expedients twice obtained a short reprieve, viz.: by showing the savages his pocket compass, and by sending to Jamestown for medicine to cure a sick Indian. These and other circumstances may have had their influence on the feelings of the young princess. But, whatever was the cause, she behaved like a heroine; and not in one case only, or toward a single individual. By a timely message, sent no doubt with great personal risk, she warned the infant colony of the murderous plots of the savages. Through her intercession, an English boy, named Henry Spilman, was saved from death, and afterward rendered the colonists much service. So strong was the friendship of Pocahontas for the whites, that she left her home, and resided with the Patamowekes, whose sachem, Japazas, was a friend of Smith's, that she might not witness the death of English prisoners, whom she could no longer rescue from the bloody hands of her father. Strange as it may seem, however, she was sold by that sachem to Captain Argall for a copper kettle, as he thought her father's attachment to her might prevent him from prosecuting his bitter persecutions of the colony. Her father sought to recover her; but, before any arrangement was made for the return of the interesting captive, she gave her consent to marry an Englishman named Rolfe, who had long before contracted an affection for her. The character of Powhatan is a very marked one. His attachment to his daughter alone would be enough to vindicate the red race from the charge of being without natural affection. He at first opposed her marriage, but after |