ward gave his consent, despatched an | would be broken, cut off the limb. On officer to witness the ceremony, sent a Mr. Randolph's return, he at once disdeerskin to Pocahontas and another to covered the mutilation; old Essex was her husband, and maintained thereafter called up, and the reason demanded the most friendly terms with the col- for cutting off the limb. The old negro onists. told his master he feared the window Yet Powhatan refused to give his would be broken. Then,' said Mr. R., younger daughter in marriage to Gov-why did you not move the house?' ernor Dale, though solicited by him and her sister-saying to the messenger :"Go back to your governor, and tell him that I value his love and peace, which, while I live, I will keep. Tell him that I love my daughter as my life; and though I have many children, I have none like her. If I could not see her, I would not live; and if I give her to you, I shall never see her. I hold it not a brotherly part to desire to take away two children at once."

Pocahontas was baptized, and received the name of Rebecca. In 1616 she made a voyage to England with her husband, where she was received with much attention. Her husband had just been appointed to an office in the colony, and was preparing to return when she died, at the age of twenty-two. Her only child, a son, was educated by his uncle in Virginia, and his daughter was the ancestor of the Randolphs, and several other principal families of the state. JOHN RANDOLPH.-A writer in the Norfolk Beacon describes a visit to the grave of this remarkable man, and in speaking of his former residence, thus writes :

"After a ride of two or three hours, we entered a forest of tall oaks, and were told by Mr. Cardwell that we were on Mr. Randolph's estate. Shortly the houses that were occupied by the great and eccentric genius appeared through the intervening trees, built up in the midst of the woods. Not a stump to be seen, not a bush grubbed up-all standing as if the foot of man had never trodden there. Mr. Randolph would not suffer the primitive aspect of things to be disturbed in the least. Not a tree, or a branch, or a switch, was allowed to be cut. During his absence in Europe, a limb of an oak, projecting toward a window of one of the houses, drew so near that old Essex, fearing the window

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The writer met John, the former body servant of Mr. Randolph, who treated him with great politeness. He says:At my request, John directed us to his master's grave, at the foot of a lofty pine, just a few steps in the rear of the summer-house; the place was selected by Mr. R., just twenty years before his death, and by his direction his head was laid to the east instead of the west, the usual position. It was observed to John that his master had ordered his body to be thus laid, that he might watch Henry Clay. John replied that he had never heard him say anything of the kind. I suppose the position was preferred by Mr. Randolph because it is the Indian sepulchral posture; his descent from Pocahontas, the Indian princess, being one of the things he much boasted of. A rude unchiselled mass of white rock, found by him on a distant part of his estate many years before his death, and used by him at the door of one of his houses as a washstand, marks the head of the grave. A huge mass of brown stone, also selected by him and used as a stepstone to mount his horse, marks the foot of the grave. These rocks were procured and kept for the purpose to which they are now appropriated, and particular directions were given to John on the subject.

"I can never forget my emotion while standing over the unornamented grave of the gifted and eccentric Randolph. The tall, unbroken forest by which I was surrounded-the silence and gloom that reigned undisturbed amid the deserted place-the thought of the brilliant mind that once animated the remains then mouldering beneath the sod upon which I was standing-the vanity of earth's promises, hopes, and distinctions, impressed my heart and mind with a degree of solemnity and interest I was unwilling to dissipate."

NORTH CAROLINA.

LIKE the other southern Atlantic states, the coast of North Carolina is uniformly flat, low, and sandy, but little elevated above the water's level, and generally covered with pine forests. It extends 320 miles; and the low, sandy region referred to reaches from 80 to 100 miles westward, to the hilly regions, forming an area of 23,000 square miles. All this, with scarcely an exception, is a dead level, with but few spots of good soil, and showing but little cultivation, although the live oak grows readily in some parts, and figs and some other fruits are easily cultivated in the most favored positions. One of the principal occupations of the inhabitants has ever been the collection of turpentine, pitch, rosin, and tar, the first of which is a spontaneous effusion of the yellow pine when wounded, and the others the same substance in different degrees of inspissation, effected by the heat of fire applied to the trees when cut in pieces, and partly colored by smoke. This same business was carried on in many other of our states in their early periods, but in the most of them the supplies of turpentine have long failed, in consequence of the clearing of the pine land; but the vast extent of the terebinthine forests of North Carolina has perpetuated this branch of manufactures to the present day.

It may be presumed that such a soil and surface, and such a situation, could not prove favorable to the prosperity of the people. The monotony of the landscape corresponds too nearly with the monotony of life and stationary condition of society, in which the difficulties of elevating habits or education are almost insurmountable. The hilly region of the state, which bounds the sandy region on the west, presents a marked and sudden change in climate, soil, and population. It oc

The first attempts to colonize this part of the country, were made by the French under Charles IX., from whose name (in Latin Carolus) the Carolinas derived their appellation. The interference of the Spaniards broke up the settlements. In 1586, Sir Walter Raleigh sent out a small colony from England, under a patent from Queen Elizabeth; but no trace was ever found of them, and the presumption is that they were destroyed by the Indians.

cupies an area of 14,000 square miles, within the territory of this state at an with a general, gentle slope to the south-early period, they were retarded by a east, cut through, at intervals, by rivers. variety of untoward circumstances, ariThe Roanoke, Yadkin, Catawba, Tar, sing partly from the nature of the counNeuse, and Cape Fear rivers, are the try, and partly from the influence of unprincipal streams of the state, but the wise policy and evil men. The weakCatawba and Yadkin, rising in the mid- ness of the colonists, and the fear of the dle region, empty in South Carolina. Indians, long prevented the occupation The Blue Ridge, which in several of land in the interior; and the seacoast other states forms the eastern range of offered only tracts of poor, sandy soil, high land, is here in the rear of two oth- burdened with pine forests, almost incaer hilly ranges, if, indeed, the Blue pable of improvement, and at a uniform Ridge can with propriety be said to cross low level, but little higher than the this state. A large part of this region ocean. The higher regions, now so is varied in a pleasing manner by hill flourishing and populous, lie far in and valley; while the soil is good, the the interior; but they were long unclimate cool, and the productions those known, and longer unoccupied. of the temperate regions, including wheat, grass, potatoes, apples, peaches, and Indian corn, which is the staple product. The villages are numerous and flourishing; the people industrious, intelligent, and prosperous; and literary institutions are founded with success. The more elevated parts, as in the adjoining states, have weather as cold in the winter, as in some of those much farther north. Iron is the only metal found in considerable quantities, and this is mined and manufactured to some extent. Gold has been found on the surface, in a range of counties at the dividing line of the two regions, in loose particles or quartz stones, apparently the debris of a stratum of the hilly region, and perhaps belonging to a long auriferous range, extending from Georgia to Virginia. Some geologists think it may be traced much further. About fifteen years ago, much interest was raised in the North Carolina gold mines, and several companies were formed, in New York and elsewhere, and mining operations were undertaken, partly with steam machines imported from Europe. The sanguine expectations of adventurers were, however, soon disappointed; but considerable quantities of gold are still annually derived from this state by the U. S. mint.

The western part of the state has a slope toward the northwest, and is drained by several of the branches of the Tennessee river.

Although settlements were begun

North Carolina was included in the patent granted to Sir Robert Heath, attorney-general of Charles II., in 1630, which extended from Louisiana to the 36th degree of north latitude, and, as, usual with English patents in those days," west to the Pacific ocean. All this extensive region was named Carolina; but as circumstances did not favor the settlement within the specified time, it soon became null, and was afterward superseded by a grant obtained from the same monarch, by Lord Clarendon, and some of his other friends, which embraced all the territory between the 31st and 36th degrees of north latitude.

In the meantime, however, settlements had been made north of Albemarle Sound, by colonists discontented with the intolerant measures adopted in Virginia, and several families from Massachusetts arrived at Cape Fear, to engage in fishing. The latter, however, were soon obliged to apply for assistance to their friends at the north, which they received.

After the new charter had been granted, the colonists at Albemarle were placed under the jurisdiction of the governor of Virginia, Sir William Berkeley, who soon paid them a visit, and appointed Drummond to be their governor. In 1666, they chose the first assembly ever formed in this part of our country, and sent their new governor, Stephens, with a petition for the privilege of holding their lands on the same terms as their neighbors in Virginia, which was granted them. A new constitution was also made, which provided for an annual election of members of the assembly by the colonists, while the choice of governor and half of the council was left to the proprietors. The taxes were to be laid by the assembly. In 1669, the first assembly under this constitution held their first session.

A constitution for the colony was drawn up this year by the celebrated author John Locke, at the request of Lord Clarendon; but, as might have been expected, the general views on which it was founded, proved quite inapplicable to the people and the country, and the experiment remains as a warning to all men who would meddle with plans of government for communities with which they are unacquainted.

but was saved from punishment by the favor of Lord Shaftsbury. He afterward purchased the interest of Lord Clarendon, took the government in 1683, and so disaffected the people by his corrupt policy, that they seized and impris oned him in 1688, and afterward banished him for a year.

A band of Huguenots arrived from France in 1707, and settled on the Trent, a branch of the Neuse, who were succeeded in 1710 by a party of Palatines from Germany, and each received a grant of 100 acres of land. But most of these unfortunate colonists were soon after massacred, in a sudden and treacherous attack by 1,200 Indians, from several nations, and only a small number escaped, to tell the tale in the southern colony.

Passing over some years, for even a sketch of which we have no room, we shall barely note the period of the separation of Carolina into two provinces. In 1730, George Burrington was appointed governor of North Carolina, by the crown, and he assumed his office at Edenton, Feb. 25th, 1731.

As early as 1731 rice had become the staple production of the colony, and was exported in great quantities.

To secure the friendship of the Indians, Sir Edward Cumming was sent to the Cherokee country, which embraced all the land between North and South Carolina and the Alleganies, and contained 20,000 persons, of whom 6,000 A new colony was formed south of were warriors. The chiefs acknowlCape Fear, by a band of men from Bar-edged King George their sovereign, on badoes, under Governor Yeamans, who their knees, and sent a deputation to was created a baronet, and soon after a England. landgrave, and the district was named the county of Clarendon. This settlement was soon divided, and we may now begin to speak of North and South Car- In 1738, commissioners appointed by olina as partly distinct; for, while a the two colonies, began to run the bounpart of the settlers removed to Charles- dary line, as fixed by royal command, ton, which had just been occupied, the from the northeast end of Long bay, remainder were soon united with Albe-northwestwardly to the 35th degree of marle. latititude, and thence westwardly to the But many obstacles awaited the north-South sea! After running it 64 miles, it ern division of Carolina. In 1677 a rebellion against the government was headed by Culpepper, a restless and troublesome man, who usurped the government and held it for two years, but was superseded by Governor Eastchurch, after which he went to England, to offer the submission of the colonists on conditions,

was agreed that the dividing line between the Cherokees and the Catawbas should, for the present, be considered the line of the colonies. The same year, the three counties, Albemarle, Bath, and Clarendon, into which the colony had before this been divided, were abolished, and the precincts were erected into counties.