GLOSSARY Abroad, out; away from home. Ah, Monsieur, vous étudiez trop, ah, sir, you study too much. Après tout c'est un monde passable, after all, this is a passable world. Assize, session of court. Aut Cæsar aut nullus, either Cæsar or nobody. Baubee, the Scotch equivalent of a cent. Bear-baiting, the setting of fierce dogs on a bear which had been chained to a stake for the purpose; a popular sport in eighteenth century England. Bedlam, a public insane asylum in London. Bills, an old-fashioned term for formal notes or letters. Bow Street, the Bow Street Police Station. Bulk, "part of a building jutting out.” Johnson: Dictionary. Caledonia, a poetic name for Scotland. Camden's Remains, by William Camden (1551-1623), clergyman, schoolmaster, historian, and antiquarian. "The title complete is 'Remains of a Greater Work concerning Britain, the Inhabitants thereof, their Languages, Names, Surnames, Impresses, Wise Speeches, Poesies, and Epitaphs'; London, 1605, 4to. The design of this work was to preserve to posterity a great variety of curious things communicated to him while making collections for his Britannia, and which he probably thought did not exactly accord with the main object of that more finished work." George Burnett. Captain Macheath, "the principal character in Gay's 'Beggar's Opera'; a gay and dissolute highwayman." The Century Cyclopedia of Names. Chairman, one who carried people in a sedan chair for hire. 557 Chancery, solicitor in, a lawyer practicing in the Chancery courtscourts originally established to correct the injustices produced by the intricate precedents binding upon all other tribunals. By this time, however, they had become as technical in their rules and as circuitous in their procedure as any judicial body in England. Character, reputation. City, the principal business quarter of London. To this the term London was often given in distinction from the resident and pleasure quarters of the town, which were called Westminster. Temple Bar was the dividing point between the two. Civilian, one who studies, teaches, or practices Civil Law. Civility, civilization. Closet, private study. Comment! je ne le crois pas, etc., why, I do not believe it! That is not Mr. Garrick, that great man! Common law, legal principles, usages, and rules which have grown up without actual acts of the legislative body. Commoner, one without a fellowship or scholarship. Commons, a group of law buildings near St. Paul's Cathedral, London. They included apartments for lawyers and courts for the trial of ecclesiastical and admiralty cases. Conge d'elire, "the king's permission royal to a dean and chapter in time of vacation to choose a bishop." Johnson: Dictionary. "The per mission to elect is a mere form. The choice is practically made by the Crown." Bouvier's Law Dictionary. Covin, "a deceitful agreement between two or more to the hurt of another." Johnson: Dictionary. Crabs, crab apples. a Elegans formarum spectator, nice observer of the female form." Croker. Express, a special messenger or his message. Factor, the manager of one's estate. Fellow, one privileged to remain at an English college for independent study, after receiving his Master of Arts degree; and given a substantial income for his support. The fellowship was usually, if not always, a life appointment, forfeited only by marriage. Feudal system, the system by which men were obliged to render personal or military service to some superior as a condition of possessing land. The king demanded such service from his great vassals; they of lesser men, and so on down to the humblest possessors of land. This system flourished from the ninth or tenth century until the sixteenth, and has left its mark on later civilization. Final causes, first causes or origins. First motion, the motive to begin. Flambeau, a flaming torch used to light people into and out of the theater. Forsitan et nostrum, etc., perhaps our names shall be mingled with these. In the second version Goldsmith stresses istis ("these"). Frank, until 1840, English postage was ten times what it is today, and was paid by the receiver, not the sender. Members of parliament and high officials by the use of their autographs (or frank) could send matter free. This they were often asked to do for the letters of friends. Freni strictio, drawing in the [horse's] reins. Gazette, the official organ of the English government. Γηράσκειν διδασκόμενος, to go on learning through old age. Gretna Green, a Scotch village near the border, long notorious as the resort of eloping couples who could not comply with the requirements of the English marriage laws. High-church man, one who lays great stress on the authority of the clergy and on the power and significance of the ceremonies of the Church of England. Il a bien fait, etc., he has done right, my Prince; you began it. Il y a beaucoup de puérilités dans la guerre, there are many childish acts in war. In culpa est animus, qui se non effugit usquam, "but the mind is most in fault, which ne'er leaves self behind." Horace, trans. by John Conington. Incredulus odi, а phrase from Horace, meaning "I am too disgusted to believe." Ingenium ingens, etc. "Underneath this rude, uncouth disguise, A genius of extensive knowledge lies." Horace, trans, by Francis. Jacobite, a follower of the House of Stuart, after it was driven from the throne; from the Latin Jacobus for James; the first Stuart to be exiled being James II. J'ai fait dix mécontents et un ingrat, I have caused ten people to be discontented, and one to be ungrateful. i Jeu d'esprit, witticism. GLOSSARY Kings Bench, a famous prison in the Thrales' quarter of the town. La théorie des sensations agréables, the theory of agreeable sensations. Le vainqueur du vainqueur de la terre, the conqueror of the earth's conqueror. L'homme d'épée, soldier, swordsman. Liberty and necessity, free-will and predestination. Lincoln's Inn, one of the famous Inns of Court; that is, one of the halls of residence for lawyers and lawstudents, and invested with certain rights and privileges regarding the admission of lawyers to the bar and the disbarring of unworthy members of the profession. Living, the income granted by law to an English clergyman who is appointed to a parish or to any ecclesiastical office. Ma foi, etc., in truth, sir, our happiness depends on the manner in which our blood circulates. Maladie du pais [pays], homesick not a bare tract of land, but a complex, made up of land and of a great part of the agricultural capital that worked the land, men and beasts, plows and carts, forks and flails." Bouvier's Law Dictionary. Mass House, an ultra-protestant term for a Roman Catholic church. Mediocribus, etc., "But God and man and lettered post denies That poets ever are of middling size." Ars Poetica, trans. by Francis. Mira cano, sol occubuit, nox nulla secuta est, I sing wonders; the sun has set, and yet night has not come. 559 Mollia tempora fandi, agreeable times to speak. N. S. New Style, according to the method of reckoning dates adopted by parliament in 1750, by which eleven days were dropped out of the calendar. Natural philosophy, natural science, and the scientist's mental and moral philosophy connected with it. Nemo sibi vivat, no one may live unto himself. New kinds of air, nitrogen and other gases newly discovered. Nil admirari, an admonition not to wonder. Non est tanti, it's nothing much. Old Bailey, a short narrow street in Orandum est ut sit mens sana in corpore sano, "pray to have a sound mind in a sound body"; or as Johnson has paraphrased it in his Vanity of Human Wishes: "Pour forth thy fervors for a healthy mind, Obedient passions, and a will resigned." Ordinary, a table d'hote, or general table. Os homini sublime, etc.: "Man looks aloft and with erected eyes, Beholds his own hereditary skies." Ovid, trans. by Dryden. Pactolus, a small river of Asia Minor, celebrated for the gold to be found in its sandy bottom. Pantheon, a large domed building, consisting of a spacious rotunda for promenading, and fourteen public rooms. It was first opened in 1772 and was used for concerts, masquerades, and other entertainments. The stir it made was great but brief. Pars magna fuit, he had a great part. Parts, abilities. Pass ours, surpass ours. Patriot, "it is sometimes used for a factious disturber of the government.' Johnson: Dictionary, 4th ed. 1773. Physic, medicine. Plantation, grove of trees. Pomponius Mela de Situ Orbis, Pomponius Mela's Concerning the Situation of the Earth. P. Mela, who lived during the first century A. D., was the earliest Roman geographer. Public school, any large, heavily endowed school. Qui spatium vitae extremum inter munera ponat, "who counts the closing period of life as one of [Nature's] gifts. Quo clamor vocat et turba faventium, "whither calls the loud approving throng." Horace, trans. by F. W. Newman. Reformed, Scotch Presbyterians and others of their general way of thinking. Romæ Tibur amem, ventosus "Restless as air, from Rome to Tibur dy, Then O for Rome, dear Rome; at Tibur sigh." Trans. by Sir Theodore Martin. Rose, adjourned. St. Paul's churchyard, the irregular space, lined with unpretending shops and lodgings, which surrounded St. Paul's Cathedral and burial ground. No more than a narrow lane in one place; in another it opened out into a little square. Several of the book sellers had their shops here. Se'nnight, week. 1745, a year in which the Stuart claimant to the British throne invaded England. Sh' apprens t'etre fif, I'm learning to be gay. Sit anima mea cum Langtono, may my soul be with Langton's. Te teneam moriens deficiente manu, let me in dying hold you by my trembling hand. Thirty-nine Articles, the principal creed of the Church of England. To it the students of Oxford and Cambridge were obliged to subscribe their assent before they could graduate. Un gentilhomme est toujours gentilhomme, a gentleman is always a gentleman. Un politique aux choux et aux raves, a politician in regard to cabbages and turnips. Usher, assistant teacher in a school. Vis inertiae, force of inertia. Vulgar, the, ordinary people; the populace. Walled garden, for fruit trees trained against the wall so as to give them both the heat of the sun and the heat of the reflecting wall. Want, lack. Warren, any hunting preserve for small game that was established by special permission of the king. Westminster, that part of London which contained the fashionable residences, the parks, the law courts, and the theaters; more especially, the seat of Parliament and the law courts. Westminster Hall, a spacious hall in London in which the law courts met. Yeomanry, the owners of very small parcels of land. They could serve on juries and perform other functions equally modest in the government of their respective localities. INDEX Adams, Rev. William, 24, 58, 128, 248, 503 Addison, Joseph, 385, 438 Americans, 137, 321, 360, 373, 481 Aston, Molly, 262 Ballads, 305, 422 Barber, Frank, 44, 472, 503, 535 120, 126, 135, 150, 177, 197, 216, Brocklesby, Dr., 460, 521, 534, 537 Cant, 63, 157 ff., 261, 318, 484, 499 Cave, Edward, 30, 536 Charity, 419, 429, 458, 498, 502, Charles I, 457 Charles II, 222 Chatterton, Thomas, 284 Chesterfield, Lord, 36, 52 ff., 221 Club, 127, 197, 199 Cock Lane Ghost, 89, 347 Conversation, 455, 463, 465 Country life, 338, 367; see also Davies, Thomas, 77 ff., 224, 490 Drinking, 29, 184, 245, 254, 267, Education, 21, 116, 160, 182, 183, Edwards, Oliver, 366, 438 Fielding, Henry, 145 Fitzherbert, William, 225, 292, Foote, Samuel, 215, 291, 485 561 |