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1831

1832

1833

1834

1835

1836 1837

1838

1839

1840

1841

1842

1843

1844

1845

Thirteen chiefs appeal for protection to the English Government. -
Waikato captures Pukerangiora Pa (Waitara).

Repulse of Waikato at Nga-motu Pa.

Appointment of James Busby as Resident Magistrate at the Bay of
Islands.

Battle of Howhenua and Pakakutu near Otaki.-Wreck of the
"Harriet" at Cape Egmont.-Shelling of Waimate Pa near Opunake
by H. M.S. "Alligator." Thierry announces himself the Sovereign
Chief of New Zealand and defender of its liberties.

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Formation of the second New Zealand Association.-Formation of a confederation called "The United Tribes of New Zealand."-NgatiAwa tribes take possession of Chatham Islands.

Waikato captures Maketu Pa (Bay of Plenty).

Lord Durham and Edward Gibbon Wakefield attempt to revive the New
Zealand Association.

The settlers at Kororareka form a vigilance committee.-Arrival
at Hokianga of Bishop Pompallier (R.C.).—Discovery of Pelorus
Sound by H.M.S. "Pelorus."

French whaler "Jean Bart" captured by Maoris at Chatham Islands.-
Founding of the New Zealand Company, and despatch of its first
colonising expeditions.-New Zealand incorporated with New South
Wales, and Captain Hobson appointed first Lieutenant-Governor.—-
Battle of Kutitanga (Otaki).

First appearance of a steamer in New Zealand waters.-Arrivals of immi-
grants at Port Nicholson.-Arrival of Captain Hobson, and the sign-
ing of the Treaty of Waitangi.-The Queen's sovereignty proclaimed
over all New Zealand.-Auckland founded.-The Nantes-Bordelaise
Company send settlers to Akaroa.

Auckland proclaimed the seat of government.-Issue of Charter of Incor-
poration to the New Zealand Company.-New Zealand proclaimed
independent of New South Wales.

Settlement founded at Nelson. -Arrival of Bishop Selwyn.-Death of
Governor Hobson.

The Wairau dispute.-Captain Fitzroy takes office as Governor. 1844-5 Governor Fitzroy makes wild experiments in taxation. Hone Heke hews down the flagstaff at the Bay of Islands. Destruction of Kororareka by Heke.-Arrival of reinforcements of troops from Sydney and Hobart.--Unsuccessful attack on a pa at Ohaeawae. -Recall of Governor Fitzroy and appointment of Captain George Grey. Capture of Ruapekapeka pa (Bay of Islands) and conclusion of the war with Heke.-Outbreak of hostilities in the Hutt Valley, near Wellington.-Seizure of Te Rauparaha at Porirua.-New Zealand Government Act passed (dividing the colony into two provinces, and granting representative institutions).-Te Heu Heu overwhelmed and buried by a land-slip.

1846

1847

1848

1849

1850

1851

1852

Minor outbreak at Wanganui.-Arrival of the New Zealand Fencibles.
Sir George Grey sworn in as Governor-in-Chief over the islands of New
Zealand and Governor of the provinces of New Ulster and New
Munster.-Founding of Otago.-Severe earthquake at Wellington.
Incorporation of the Canterbury Association.

Surrender of the New Zealand Company's Charter.-Founding of Canter-
bury.

Final dissolution of the New Zealand Company.
Discovery of gold at Coromandel.

1852-3 Third Constitution (division of the colony into six provinces).

1853

1854

Boundaries of the provinces proclaimed.-Departure of Sir George Grey.
Lieutenant-Colonel Wynyard assumes administration of the Govern-

ment.

1855

1856

1857

1858

1859

1869

1861

1862

1863

1864

1865

1866

1867

1868

Severe earthquakes on both sides of Cook Strait.-Arrival of Governor
T. Gore Browne.

Formation of a Maori league against land-selling.-Te Whero Where
proposed as king.

First payable gold-field opened at Collingwood, Province of Nelson.
New Provinces Act passed.-Te Whero Whero (Potatau I.) proclaimed
King of the Maoris.

Te Teira offers land at Waitara for sale to the Government.
Hostilities begun against Wiremu Kingi te Rangitake.--Capture

Waitara Pa.-Engagements at Waireka and Puketakauere.-Defeat
of Kingi's Waikato allies at Mahoetahi.-Capture of Matarikorikc
Pa.-Death of the Maori King and succession of his son Matutaera
(Tawhaiao).
Repulse of Maoris by Imperial troops at Huirangi redoubt.-Truce
agreed upon.-Gold discoveries at Tuapeka River, Clutha, &c.-
Recall of Governor Browne.-Sir George Grey enters upon his second
term of office as Governor.

of

First Native Lands Act passed.
Wreck of H.M.S. "Orpheus" on Manukau Bar (181 lives lost).-The
Imperial Government explicitly relinquishes control over the adminis-
tration of native affairs.-Assault on a military escort at Tata-
raimaka.-Defeat of Maoris at Katikara.-Commencement
Waikato war; action at Koheroa (Auckland district).-Capture of
Rangiriri Pa.-Railway opened from Christchurch to Ferrymead
Junction.-New Zealand Settlements Act passed.--Occupation of
Ngaruawahia.
Engagement with the Maoris at Mangapiko River.-Defeat of Maoris
at Rangiaohia.-Capture of the Orakau Pa.-Engagement near
Maketu (Bay of Plenty).-Defeat of the Rawhiti tribes by the
Arawa friendlies.-Cameron's repulse at the Gate Pa.-Repulse of
the Hauhaus at Sentry Hill (Taranaki)-Battle of Moutoa (Wan-
ganui) and defeat of Hauhaus by friendlies.-Defeat of Maoris at Te
Ranga.-Discovery of gold on the west coast of Middle Island.-
Escape of Maori prisoners from Kawau.-Wellington chosen as the
seat of Government.-Grey confiscates native lands in Waikato.
Submission of Maori Chief Wiremu Tamihana te Waharoa.-Removal of
the seat of Government to Wellington.-Murder of Volkner by
Hauhaus under Kereopa.-Murder of Fulloon and others by
Hauhaus at Whakatane.-Capture by Grey of Wereroa Pa, near
Wanganui.-Fraser and Te Mokena capture Kairomiromi Pa
(Waiapu).-Proclamation of Peace.-Murder of a friendly messenger
by Hauhaus at Kakaramea.-Defeat of rebel natives at Wairoa.-
Gold discoveries at Hokitika.-Auckland asks for separation. -Native
Rights Act and Native Lands Act passed.

Defeat of Maoris at Okotuku Pa, west coast of North Island.-Chute
captures Putahi Pa and Otapawa Pa.-Escape of prisoners from the
hulk at Wellington.-Submission of Te Heu Heu and Herekiekie,
of Taupo.-Laying of the Cook Strait submarine cable.-Engage-
ment of Pungarehu.-Natives defeated at Omaranui and Petane
(Hawke's Bay).

Admission of Maori members (4) to House of Representatives.
Arrival of Governor Sir George F. Bowen.-Escape of Te Kooti from the
Chatham Islands.-Maoris attack the redoubt at Turuturu Mokai.
Engagements at Ngatu-o-te-manu.-Departure from New Zealand of
Bishop Selwyn.-Colonial forces repulsed with heavy loss at Moturoa.
Massacre of 32 Europeans at Poverty Bay.-Engagements between
Te Kooti and the friendlies at Patutahi (Poverty Bay district).

1869

1870

1871

1873 1874

1875

1876

1877

1878

1879

1880

1881

1882

1883

1885

1886

1887

1889

1890

1891

1892

Defeat and dispersal of Te Kooti's force at Ngatapa Pa (Poverty Bay).–
Murder of Rev. John Whitely and others at White Cliffs.-A foraging
party attacked at Karaka Fiat.-Defeat of Titokowaru at Otauto.-
Outrages by Te Kooti, who captures Mohaka Pa. First visit to
Wellington of the Duke of Edinburgh.-Defeat of Te Kooti at
Ahikereru Pa and Oamaru Teangi Pa.-Surrender of Tairua with 122
men, women, and children of the Pakakohe tribe, near Wanganui. --
Sentences for treason passed against Maori prisoners.--Storming of
Pourere Pa by Lieut.-Colonel McDonnell.
Friendlies under Topia and Keepa pursue Te Kooti (Wanganui River).—
Capture of Te Kooti's Pa at Tapapa -Departure of the last detach-
ment of Imperial troops.-Crushing defeat of Te Kooti at Maraetahi.
-Second visit of the Duke of Edinburgh to Wellington.-Act passed
to establish the University of New Zealand. -Land Transfer Act
passed.
Death of Tamati Waka Nene.-Capture of Kerenpa at Napier.-First
appointment of Rangatiras (2) to the Legislative Council --Public
Trust Office Act passed.-Te Kooti takes sanctuary in the King
country.

Governor Sir George Bowen succeeded by Sir James Fergusson.
Abolition of incarceration for debt.-Departure of Sir James Fergusson;
the Governorship assumed by the Marquis of Normanby.-Sir George
Grey elected to the Assembly as member for Auckland.

Abolition of Provinces Act passed.

Submarine cable completed between New Zealand and New South Wales.
Education Act passed providing for the free and compulsory education of
children.

Sir George Grey's first land tax passed.
Departure of the Marquis of Normanby.-Land dispute with Te Whiti.—
Sir Hercules Robinson assumes office as Governor.-Arrest and
imprisonment of 180 natives, who had been, by Te Whiti's orders,
ploughing lands occupied by Europeans.-Triennial Parliaments Act
passed.-Act passed to confer the suffrage on every resident adult
male.

Governor Sir Hercules Robinson succeeded by Sir A. H. Gordon.
S.S. "Tararua" wrecked (130 lives lost).-Severe earthquakes in
Wellington.-Arrest of Te Whiti and Tohu.

Departure of Sir A. H. Gordon.-Assumption of the Government by Sir
J. Prendergast.

Arrival of Governor Sir W. F. D. Jervois.-Proclamation of amnesty to
Maori political offenders.--Liberation of Te Whiti and Tohu.
Opening of New Zealand Industrial Exhibition at Wellington.
Volcanic eruptions at Tarawera (101 lives lost).-Destruction of famous
Pink and White Terraces.

Kermadec Islands annexed to New Zealand.-Australasian Naval Defence
Act passed.

The Earl of Onslow succeeds Sir W. F. D. Jervois, in the Government.-
Opening of South Seas exhibition, Dunedin.

First election of the House of Representatives under manhood suffrage
and on the one man one vote principle.

Labour laws Employers Liability Act, 1882 Amendment Act; Truck
Act.

The Earl of Onslow succeeded in the Government by the Earl of Glasgow.
-Labour laws: Contractors and Workmen's Lien Act.-Passing of
the first Land and Income Tax Act.-Land Act, 1892 (lease in per-
petuity without revaluation system introduced; occupation with
right of purchase; optional method of selection; small farms associ-
ations).

1893

1894

1895

1896

1897

1898

1899

1900

1901

1902

Bark Note Issue Act passed.-The Electoral Act, 1893, passed conferring
the franchise on women.-Success of the prohibitionist party.
Labour laws: Workmen's Wages Act.-Native Land Purchase and
Acquisition Act.
Labour laws: Conspiracy Law Amendment; an Act to encourage the
formation of industrial union and associations, etc.-Advances to
Settlers Act.-Land for Settlement Act (1894) and Lands Improve-
ment and Native Lands Acquisition Act.-Labour laws: Factories
Act.-Act for limiting hours of business in shops.-Wreck of the s.s.
Wairarapa" at Great Barrier Island (135 lives lost).
Labour laws: Act to regulate the attachment of wages.-Servants
Registry Office Act.-Family Homes Protection Act.

66

Brunner Mine explosion (67 deaths).-Land for Settlements Act amended.
-Alteration of franchise by abolition of non-residential or property
qualification.

The Earl of Glasgow succeeded in the Government by the Earl of
Ranfurly.The Hon. R. J. Seddon called to the Privy Council.
Death of Sir George Grey.-Act to provide old-age pensions passed.
Military assistance rendered to the Empire in the Bcer war.
Further military assistance to the Empire.

Visit of the Duke of Cornwall and York.-Annexation of Cook Islands.—
Departure of the sixth and seventh contingents.-Visit of the Feder
ation Commission to Australia.-Death of Sir John Mackenzie.
Eighth, ninth, and tenth contingents despatched to South Africa.—Mr.
Seddon proceeds to South Africa and thence to London.-Wreck of
the "Ventnor near Hokianga.-Wreck of the " Elingamite" at
the Three Kings.

346

AREAS AND BOUNDARIES.

THE

HE Australasian colonies comprise the continent of Australia, the adjacent island of Tasmania, and the islands of New Zealand. The group was formerly subdivided politically into seven colonies; but on the 1st January, 1901, the five mainland states and Tasmania became the Commonwealth of Australia, New Zealand retaining its position as a separate colony. The respective areas of the six states and New Zealand are as follow:

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The British Empire, exclusive of territories under protectorates and spheres of influence, extends over an area of 9,093,865 square miles, so that more than one-third of its area lies within the limits of Australia and New Zealand. Australasia is more than twenty-six times as large as the United Kingdom; more than fifteen times as large as France; more than half as large again as Russia in Europe; and almost equal in extent to the continent of Europe or to the United States of America. The mainland of Australia lies between 10° 39' and 39° 11' south latitude, and the meridians of 113° 5′ and 153° 16' east longitude. Its greatest length is 2,400 miles from east to west, and its greatest breadth, 1,971 miles from north to south. Its area may be approximately stated at 2,946,691 square miles, and its coast-line at 8,850 miles,

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