The manufacture of pottery is generally associated with brickmaking, and in the following table the products of brickyards and potteries are shown together.

Works connected with the treatment of metals, manufacture of machinery, agricultural implements, and railway rolling stock form a large and growing class of industry. The grouping given below is not by any means satisfactory. Persons engaged in the various processes connected with the extraction of gold from gold-bearing stone are in a sense just as much entitled to be classified in the following tables as those concerned in the reduction of silver, lead, or copper ores. The determination of what constitutes an establishment classifiable as a work or factory is by no means clear. As regards works for the extraction of metals from their ores, the determining factor seems to be the degree of intricacy involved in the process of reduction; and whereas a quartz battery would not be called a factory or work, an establishment using a cyanide plant might be so classified. The distinction is not very logical, but as it has long obtained in these states it is retained here. For the number of persons employed in connection with the extraction of gold, the reader should turn to the chapter on "Mining."

In considering this and the subsequent tables, several difficulties in making comparisons will be met with. In Queensland, for example, all metal works, except smelting, are grouped in the one line, which is also the case in several of the other states. In Queensland and Tasmania no hands are shown as being employed in the manufacture and repairs of rolling stock; this, of course, is incorrect, for though little manufacturing may be carried on, all the states make their own repairs. In Victoria 1,629 hands are shown as employed in railway carriage and rolling stock manufacture and repairs as compared with 3,889 in New South Wales. The employment afforded in railway workshops is chiefly in the nature of repairs, but locomotives, passenger carriages, and goods waggons are built in each state. In New South Wales the wages paid in railway workshops amounted in 1900 to £390,284, and in Victoria to £253,218; the repairs in the former state are therefore on a much more extensive scale than in the latter. The number of hands set down as employed in the manufacture of agricultural implements in New South Wales is only 92, few establishments devoting themselves entirely to this business, the manufacture of implements being usually associated with ironworking generally. New South Wales and South Australia possess smelting works on a large scale, affording employment to 3,008 hands in the first-named state, and to 2,443 in the latter. The chief smelting works of New South Wales, are situated at Cockle Creek, near Newcastle, and at Dapto, in close proximity to the coal-fields. The chief ores treated are copper, tin, silver, and lead, partly the production of the state itself, and partly of Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland, and New Caledonia. The smelting works of South Australia are situated at Port Pirie, and deal with silver and lead ore from Broken Hill. The number of hands employed in each state is shown in the following table :

:

The industries depending upon shipping have not attained large dimensions in any of the states, and as regards ship-building itself, the use of iron instead of wood for the frames and hulls of vessels has

injuriously affected a promising industry, as the woods of Australia are eminently fitted for ship-building purposes. The following is a statement of the persons employed :

In industries connected with ship-building and repairing, New South Wales has a far larger number of hands employed than has any other state. The chief part of the business is in connection with the docking and repairing of ships, although there are several establishments engaged exclusively in ship and boat building.

As Australia and New Zealand produce various kinds of wood admirably adapted to the requirements of the furniture trades, it can hardly be said that the industry has attained a development equal to its opportunities. As showing the possibilities of the industry, it may be mentioned that the value of furniture imported into the Commonwealth during 1900 was £266,700, and of bedding, flock, and upholstery, £65,800; while the value of furniture, bedding, flock, and upholstery imported into New Zealand was £45,450. The employment afforded

by the industry was :

The manufacture of furniture, bedding, &c., in the Commonwealth affords employment to 4,846 persons, of whom 2,140 are in New South Wales and 1,658 in Victoria. No information is published as to the number employed in Tasmania, but, from inquiries made, it is estimated that 150 persons find employment in this industry. The distribution in the various states is as follows:

The different industries connected with printing, bookbinding, papermaking, &c., afford work to 20,104 persons. The great bulk of these are employed in the various processes of printing, actual manufacturers being comparatively few in number. Australia and New Zealand produce many excellent paper-making materials; nevertheless, only 288 persons are employed in paper-making, and a large proportion of the output of the mills consists of ordinary brown or wrapping papers.

There are several difficulties in the way of making comparisons regarding these industries. Under the heading of electrotyping and stereopying and photo-engraving no persons are set down in any state but New South Wales. As this cannot be the case, it must be presumed that persons employed in these pursuits in the other states are included with printing, bookbinding, &c. Under the head of printing are included the composing and mechanical staff of the newspaper offices-persons whom it takes a very wide definition to bring in under

the term "manufacturers." The following table shows the employment afforded in the various states :

VEHICLES, SADDLERY, AND HARNESS.

In connection with the manufacture and repair of vehicles, saddlery, harness, &c., there are 10,209 hands employed. The great bulk of the work done in connection with coaches and waggons is repairing; but there are establishments in all the states where vehicles of all classes are manufactured.

It will be seen that the employment afforded by these industries is proportionately largest in the states where communication over long distances is still effected by means of coaches and waggons. No hands are set down in the statistics of Tasmania as employed in these industries. It is probable there must be at least 300 so employed, and this figure appears in the following table :--