States North-America, have signed the present declaration, and have affixed thereto the seal of our arms. Versailles, 20th of January, one thousand seven hundred and eightythree. (Signed) JOHN ADAMS, (L. s.) B. FRANKLIN, (L. S.) Copy of the first and twenty-second of the Preliminary Articles, between France and Great-Britain, signed at Versailles the twentieth January, 1783. ART. 1. As soon as the preliminaries shall be signed and ratified, sincere friendship shall be re-established between his most Christian Majesty and his Britannic Majesty, their kingdoms, states, and subjects by sea and by land, in all parts of the world; orders shall be sent to the armies and squadrons, as well as to the subjects of the two powers, to cease all hostilities, and to live in the most perfect union, forgetting the past, according to the order and example of their sovereigns; and for the execution of this article, sea-passes shall be given on each side to the ships which shall be dispatched to carry the news to the possessions of the said powers. ART. 22. To prevent all the causes of complaint and dispute which might arise on account of the prizes which may be taken at sea after the signing of these preliminary articles, it is reciprocally agreed, that the vessels and effects which may be taken in the Channel and in the North Seas, after the space of twelve days, to be computed from the ratification of the present preliminary articles, shall be restored on each side. That the term shall be of one month from the Channel and the North Seas to the Canary Islands inclusively, whether in the Ocean or in the Mediterranean; of two months from the said Canary Islands to the Equinoxial Line or Equator; and lastly, of five months in all other parts of the world, without any exception, nor other more particular distinction of times and places. April 3, 1783. TREATY OF AMITY AND COMMERCE, Concluded between his Majesty the King of Sweden and the United States of North-America. (a) THE King of Sweden, of the Goths and Vandals, &c. &c. &c. and the Thirteen United States of North-America; to wit: New-Hampshire, Massachusetts-Bay, Rhode-Island, Connecticut, New-York, NewJersey, Pennsylvania, the counties of New-Castle, Kent and Sussex on Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North-Carolina, South-Carolina, and Georgia, desiring to establish, in a stable and permanent manner, the rules which ought to be observed relative to the correspondence and commerce which the two parties have judged necessary to establish between their respective countries, states and subjects; his Majesty and the United States have thought that they could not better accomplish that end, than by taking for a basis of their arrangements the mutual interest and advantage of both nations, thereby avoiding all those burthensome preferences, which are usually sources of debate, embarrass (a) The Treaties with Sweden have been: The Treaty of April 3, 1783. The Treaty of September 4, 1816; post, 232. l'Amerique Septentrionale avons signé la présente déclaration et y avons apposé les cachets de nos armes. À Versailles le vingt Janvier, mil sept cent quatre-vingt trois. JOHN ADAMS, (L. s.) Copie du premier et du vingt deuxieme des articles preliminaires entre la France et la Grande Bretagne, signés à Versailles le 20 Janvier, 1783. ART. 1. Aussitôt que les preliminaires seront signés et ratifiés, l'amitié sincere sera retablie entre sa Majesté Très Chretienne et sa Majesté Britannique, leurs Royaumes, Etats et Sujets par nier et par terre, dans toutes les parties du monde; il sera envoyé des ordres aux armées, et escadres, ainsi qu'aux sujets des deux Puissances de cesser toute hostilité, et de vivre dans la plus parfaite union en oubliant le passé, dont leurs souverains leur donnent l'ordre et l'exemple; et pour l'exécution de cet article, il sera donné, de part et d'autre des passeports de mer aux vaisseaux qui seront expediés pour en porter la nouvelle dans les possessions des dites puissances. ART. 22. Pour prevenir tous les sujets de plaintes et de contestation qui pourroient naitre à l'occasion des prises qui pourroient être faites en mer depuis la signature de ces articles préliminaires, on est convenu reciproquement que les vaisseaux et effets qui pourroient être pris dans la Manche et dans les Mers du Nord, après l'espace de douze jours à compter depuis la ratification des présens articles préliminaires, seront de part et d'autre restitués; Que le terme sera d'un mois depuis la Manche et les Mers du Nord, jusqu'aux Isles Canaries inclusivement, soit dans l'ocean, soit dans la Mediterrannée; de deux mois depuis les dites Isles Canaries, jusqu'à la ligne Equinoxiale ou l'Equateur; et enfin de cinq mois dans tous les autres endroits du monde, sans aucune exception ni autre distinction plus particuliere de tems et de lieux. TRAITÉ D'AMITIÉ ET DE COMMERCE, Conclu entre sa Majesté le Roi de Suede et les Etats Unis de l'Amérique Septentrionale. LE Roi de Suede des Goths et des Vandales, &c. &c. &c. et les treize Etats Unis de l'Amerique Septentrionale, sçavoir, New-Hampshire, Massachusetts-Bay, Rhode-Island, Connecticut, New-York, NewJersey, Pensylvanie, les comtés de New-Castle, de Kent et de Sussex sur la Delaware, Maryland, Virginie, Caroline Septentrionale, Caroline Meridionale, et Georgie, desirant d'établir d'une maniere stable et permanente les regles qui doivent être suivies relativement à la correspondance et au commerce que les deux parties ont jugé necessaire de fixer entre leurs pays, états et sujets respectifs, sa Majesté et les États Unis ont cru ne pouvoir mieux remplir ce but qu'en posant pour base de leurs arrangemens, l'utilité et l'avantage reciproques des deux nations, en évitant toutes les prèferences onereuses qui sont ordinairement une source de discussions, d'embarras et de mecontentements; et F Peace and friendship between the two nations. Neither party ment and discontent, and by leaving each party at liberty to make, respecting navigation and commerce, those interior regulations which shall be most convenient to itself. With this view, his Majesty the King of Sweden has nominated and appointed for his plenipotentiary Count Gustavus Philip de Creutz, his ambassador extraordinary to his Most Christian Majesty, and knight commander of his orders; and the United States, on their part, have fully empowered Benjamin Franklin, their minister plenipotentiary to his Most Christian Majesty: the said plenipotentiaries, after exchanging their full powers, and after mature deliberation in consequence thereof, have agreed upon, concluded and signed the following articles: ARTICLE I. There shall be a firm, inviolable and universal peace, and a true and sincere friendship between the King of Sweden, his heirs and successors, and the United States of America, and the subjects of his Majesty, and those of the said States, and between the countries, islands, cities, and towns situated under the jurisdiction of the King and of the said United States, without any exception of persons or places; and the conditions agreed to in this present treaty, shall be perpetual and perma nent between the King, his heirs and successors, and the said United States. ARTICLE II. The King and the United States engage mutually, not to grant hereto grant favours after any particular favour to other nations in respect to commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same favour freely, if the concession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation, if the concession was conditional. to other nations that shall not become common to the other party. ARTICLE III. The subjects of the King of Sweden shall not pay in the ports, havens, roads, countries, islands, cities and towns of the United States, or in any of them, any other nor greater duties or imposts of what nature soever they may be, than those which the most favoured nations are or shall be obliged to pay; and they shall enjoy all the rights, liberties, privileges, immunities and exemptions in trade, navigation and commerce which the said nations do or shall enjoy, whether in passing from one port to another of the United States, or in going to or from the same, from or to any part of the world whatever. ARTICLE IV. The subjects and inhabitants of the said United States shall not pay in the ports, havens, roads, islands, cities and towns under the dominion of the King of Sweden, any other or greater duties or imposts of what nature soever they may be, or by what name soever called, than those which the most favoured nations are or shall be obliged to pay; and they shall enjoy all the rights, liberties, privileges, immunities and exemptions in trade, navigation and commerce which the said nations do or shall enjoy, whether in passing from one port to another of the dominion of his said Majesty, or in going to or from the same, from or to any part of the world whatever. ARTICLE V. There shall be granted a full, perfect and entire liberty of conscience to the inhabitants and subjects of each party, and no person shall be molested on account of his worship, provided he submits so far as regards the public demonstration of it to the laws of the country. Moreover, liberty shall be granted, when any of the subjects or inhabitants en laissant à chaque partie la liberté de faire au sujet du commerce et de la navigation, les reglemens intérieurs qui seront à sa convenance. Dans cette vue sa Majesté le Roi de Suede a nommé et constitué pour son plenipotentiaire le Comte Gustave Philippe de Creutz, son ambassadeur extraordinaire près sa Majesté très Chretienne et Chevalier commandeur de ses ordres; et les Etats Unis ont de leur côté pourvû de leurs pleinpouvoirs le Sieur Benjamin Franklin, leur ministre plenipotentiaire près sa Majesté très Chretienne; les quels, plenipotentiaires après avoir échangé leurs pleinpouvoirs et en conséquence d'une mure deliberation ont arrêté, conclu, et signé les articles suivants. ARTICLE I. Il y aura une paix ferme, inviolable et universelle et une amitié vraie et sincere entre le Roi de Suede, ses heritiers et successeurs, et entre les États Unis de l'Amerique, ainsi qu'entre les sujets de sa Majesté et ceux des dits États, comme aussi entre les pays, isles, villes et places, situées sous la jurisdiction du Roi, et des dits Etats Unis, sans exception aucune de personnes et de lieux; les conditions stipulées dans le present traité devant être perpetuelles et permanentes entre le Roi, ses heritiers et successeurs et les dits Etats Unis. ARTICLE II. Le Roi et les États Unis s'engagent mutuellement à n'accorder par la suite aucune faveur particulière en fait de commerce et de navigation à d'autres nations, qui ne devienne aussitôt commune à l'autre partie; et celle-cy jouira de cette faveur gratuitement si la concession est gratuite; ou en accordant la même compensation si la concession est conditionelle. ARTICLE III. Les sujets du Roi de Suede ne payeront dans les ports, havres, rades, contrées, isles, villes et places des Etats Unis, ou dans aucun d'iceux, d'autres ni de plus grands droits et impôts de quelque nature qu'ils puissent être, que ceux que les nations les plus favorisées sont ou seront tenues de payer; et ils jouiront de tous les droits, libertés, privileges, immunités et exemptions en fait de negoce, navigation et de commerce dont jouissent ou jouiront les dites nations, soit en passant d'un port à l'autre des dits États, soit en y allant ou en revenant de quelque partie ou pour quelque partie du monde que ce soit. ARTICLE IV. Les sujets et habitants des dits Etats Unis ne payeront dans les ports, havres, rades, isles, villes et places de la domination du Roi de Suede, d'autres ni de plus grands droits ou impôts, de quelque nature qu'ils puissent être et quelque nom qu'ils puissent avoir, que ceux que les nations les plus favorisées sont ou seront tenues de payer; et ils jouiront de tous les droits, libertés, priviléges, immunites, et exemptions en fait de negoce, navigation et commerce dont jouissent ou jouiront les dites nations, soit en passant d'un port à un autre de la domination de sa dite Majesté, soit en y allant ou en revenant de quelque partie du monde ou pour quelque partie du monde que ce soit. ARTICLE V. Il sera accordé une pleine, parfaite et entiere liberté de conscience aux habitants et sujets de chaque partie, et personne ne sera molesté à l'égard de son culte, moyennant qu'il se soumette, quant à la demonstration publique, aux loix du pays. De plus on permettra aux habitans et sujets de chaque partie, qui decedent dans le territoire de l'autre partie, Citizens may dispose of estate, may inherit and may remove their effects. Liberty for either party to trade with a na tion at war with the other. Free ships make free goods; except contraband articles. This liberty extends to all kinds of merchandize, except contraband. What goods shall be deemed contraband. of either party die in the territory of the other, to bury them in convenient and decent places, which shall be assigned for the purpose; and the two contracting parties will provide each in its jurisdiction, that the subjects and inhabitants respectively may obtain certificates of the death, in case the delivery of them is required. ARTICLE VI. The subjects of the contracting parties in the respective states, may freely dispose of their goods and effects either by testament, donation or otherwise, in favour of such persons as they think proper; and their heirs in whatever place they shall reside, shall receive the succession even ab intestato, either in person or by their attorney, without having occasion to take out letters of naturalization. These inheritances, as well as the capitals and effects, which the subjects of the two parties, in changing their dwelling, shall be desirous of removing from the place of their abode, shall be exempted from all duty called "droit de détraction," on the part of the government of the two states respectively. But it is at the same time agreed, that nothing contained in this article shall in any manner derogate from the ordinances published in Sweden against emigrations, or which may hereafter be published, which shall remain in full force and vigour. The United States on their part, or any of them, shall be at liberty to make respecting this matter, such laws as they think proper. ARTICLE VII. All and every the subjects and inhabitants of the kingdom of Sweden, as well as those of the United States, shall be permitted to navigate with their vessels in all safety and freedom, and without any regard to those to whom the merchandizes and cargoes may belong, from any port whatever; and the subjects and inhabitants of the two states shall likewise be permitted to sail and trade with their vessels, and with the same liberty and safety to frequent the places, ports and havens of powers, enemies to both or either of the contracting parties, without being in any wise molested or troubled, and to carry on a commerce not only directly from the ports of an enemy to a neutral port, but even from one port of an enemy to another port of an enemy, whether it be under the jurisdiction of the same or of different princes. And as it is acknowledged by this treaty, with respect to ships and merchandizes, that free ships shall make merchandizes [free,] and that every thing which shall be on board of ships belonging to subjects of the one or the other of the contracting parties, shall be considered as free, even though the cargo or a part of it should belong to the enemies of one or both; it is nevertheless provided, that contraband goods shall always be excepted; which being intercepted, shall be proceeded against according to the spirit of the following articles. It is likewise agreed, that the same liberty be extended to persons who may be on board a free ship, with this effect, that although they be enemies to both or either of the parties, they shall not be taken out of the free ship, unless they are soldiers in the actual service of the said enemies. ARTICLE VIII. This liberty of navigation and commerce shall extend to all kinds of merchandizes, except those only which are expressed in the following article, and are distinguished by the name of contraband goods. ARTICLE IX. Under the name of contraband or prohibited goods, shall be comprehended arms, great guns, cannon balls, arquebuses, musquets, mortars, bombs, petards, granadoes, saucisses, pitch balls, carriages for ordnance |