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Liberty of conscience secured.

ARTICLE XI.

The most perfect freedom of conscience and of worship, is granted to the citizens or subjects of either party, within the jurisdiction of the other, without being liable to molestation in that respect, for any cause other than an insult on the religion of others. Moreover, when the subjects or citizens of the one party, shall die within the jurisdiction of the other, their bodies shall be buried in the usual burying grounds, or other decent and suitable places, and shall be protected from violation or disturbance.

Liberty for either party to trade with a na

tion at war with the other.

Free ships inake free goods.

No goods shall be deemed contraband, so as to justify confiscation; but vessels may be detained.

Vessels to be furnished with Bea-letters or passports.

ARTICLE XII.

If one of the contracting parties should be engaged in war with any other power, the free intercourse and commerce of the subjects or citizens of the party remaining neuter with the belligerent powers, shall not be interrupted. On the contrary, in that case as in full peace, the vessels of the neutral party may navigate freely to and from the ports and on the coasts of the belligerent parties, free vessels making free goods, insomuch, that all things shall be adjudged free which shall be on board any vessel belonging to the neutral party, although such things belong to an enemy of the other; and the same freedom shall be extended to persons who shall be on board a free vessel, although they should be enemies to the other party, unless they be soldiers in actual service of such enemy.

ARTICLE XIII.

And in the same case of one of the contracting parties being engaged in war with any other power, to prevent all the difficulties and misunderstandings that usually arise respecting the merchandize heretofore called contraband, such as arms, ammunition and military stores of every kind, no such articles carried in the vessels, or by the subjects or citizens of one of the parties to the enemies of the other, shall be deemed contraband, so as to induce confiscation or condemnation and a loss of property to individuals. Nevertheless, it shall be lawful to stop such vessels and articles, and to detain them for such length of time as the captors may think necessary to prevent the inconvenience or damage that might ensue from their proceeding, paying however a reasonable compensation for the loss such arrest shall occasion to the proprietors: And it shall further be allowed to use in the service of the captors, the whole or any part of the military stores so detained, paying the owners the full value of the same, to be ascertained by the current price at the place of its destination. But in the case supposed, of a vessel stopped for articles heretofore deemed contraband, if the master of the vessel stopped will deliver out the goods supposed to be of contraband nature, he shall be admitted to do it, and the vessel shall not in that case be carried into any port, nor further detained, but shall be allowed to proceed on her voyage.

ARTICLE XIV.

And in the same case where one of the parties is engaged in war with another power, that the vessels of the neutral party may be readily and certainly known, it is agreed, that they shall be provided with sealetters, or passports, which shall express the name, the property and burthen of the vessel, as also the name and dwelling of the master, which passports shall be made out in good and due forms, (to be settled by conventions between the parties whenever occasion shall require) shall be renewed as often as the vessel shall return into port; and shall

ARTICLE XI.

Il sera accordé la plus parfaite liberté de conscience et de culte aux citoyens et sujets de chaque partie contractante dans les états de l'autre, et personne ne sera molesté à cet égard pour quelque cause que ce soit, si ce n'est pour insulte faite à la religion de l'autre. De plus, si des sujets et citoyens de l'une des parties contractantes venoient à mourir dans la jurisdiction de l'autre, leurs corps seront enterrés dans les endroits où l'on a coutume de faire les enterremens, ou dans tel autre lieu decent et convenable, et ils seront protegés contre toute violence et trouble.

ARTICLE XII.

Si l'une des parties contractantes étoit en guerre avec une autre puissance, la libre correspondance et le commerce des citoyens ou sujets de la partie qui demeure neutre envers les puissances belligérantes, ne seront point interrompus. Au contraire, et dans ce cas, comme en pleine paix, les vaisseaux de la partie neutre pourront naviguer en toute sûreté dans les ports et sur les côtes des puissances belligérantes, les vaisseaux libres rendant les marchandises libres, en tant qu'on regardera comme libre tout ce qui sera à bord d'un navire appartenant à la partie neutre, quand même ces éffets appartiendroient à l'ennemi de l'autre. La même liberté s'étendra aux personnes qui se trouveront à bord d'un vaisseau libre, quand mêmes elles seroient ennemis de l'autre partie, excepté que ce fussent des gens de guerre, actuellement au service de l'ennemi.

ARTICLE XIII.

Dans le cas où l'une des parties contractantes se trouveroit en guerre avec une autre puissance, il a été convenu que pour prevenir les difficultés et les discussions qui surviennent ordinairement par rapport aux marchandises ci-devant appellées de contrebande, telles que armes, munitions, et autres provisions de guerre de toute espéce, aucun de ces articles, chargés à bord des vaisseaux des citoyens ou sujets de l'une des parties, et destinés pour l'ennemi de l'autre, ne sera censé de contrebande, au point d'impliquer confiscation ou condamnation, et d'éntrainer la perte de la proprieté des individus. Néanmoins il sera permis d'arrêter ces sortes de vaisseaux et effets, et de les retenir pendant tout le temps que le preneur croira nécessaire pour prévenir les inconveniens et le dommage qui pourroient en resulter autrement; mais dans ce cas on accordera une compensation raisonable pour les pertes qui auront été occasionnées par la saisie. Et il sera permis en outre aux preneurs d'employer a leur service, en tout, ou en partie, les munitions militaires. détenues, en en payant aux propriétaires la pleine valeur, à determiner sur le prix qui aura cours à l'endroit de leur destination; mais que dans le cas énoncé, d'un vaisseau arrêté pour des articles ci-devant appellés contrebande, si le maitre du navire consentoit à delivrer les marchandises suspectes, il aura la liberté de le faire, et le navire ne sera plus amené dans le port, ni détenu plus long-temps, mais aura toute liberté de poursuivre sa route.

ARTICLE XIV.

Dans le cas où l'une des deux parties contractantes se trouveroit engagée dans une guerre avec une autre puissance, et afin que les vaisseaux de la partie neutre soyent promptement et sûrement reconnus, on est convenu qu'ils devront être munis de lettres de mer ou passeports, exprimant le nom, le propriétaire, et le port du navire, ainsi que le nom et la demeure du maitre. Ces passeports, qui seront expédiés en bonne et due forme (à déterminer par des conventions entre les parties, lorsque l'occasion le requerra) devront être renouvellés toutes les fois que le

How vessels

are to be treat.

ed when met by ships of war or privateers.

be exhibited whensoever required, as well in the open sea as in port. But if the said vessel be under convoy of one or more vessels of war, belonging to the neutral party, the simple declaration of the officer commanding the convoy, that the said vessel belongs to the party of which he is, shall be considered as establishing the fact, and shall relieve both parties from the trouble of further examination.

ARTICLE XV.

And to prevent entirely all disorder and violence in such cases, it is stipulated, that when the vessels of the neutral party, sailing without convoy, shall be met by any vessel of war, public or private, of the other party, such vessel of war shall not approach within cannon shot of the said neutral vessel, nor send more than two or three men in their boat on board the same, to examine her sea-letters or passports. And all persons belonging to any vessel of war, public or private, who shall molest or injure, in any manner whatever, the people, vessels or effects of the other party, shall be responsible in their persons and property for damages and interest, sufficient security for which shall be given by all commanders of private armed vessels before they are commissioned.

Vessels not to be detained.

When re-captured, vessels shall be restored.

Vessels driven by stress of weather, &c. into ports, shall be protected.

Vessels of war may carry prizes into the ports of each nation.

ARTICLE XVI.

It is agreed that the subjects or citizens of each of the contracting parties, their vessels and effects, shall not be liable to any embargo or detention on the part of the other, for any military expedition, or other public or private purpose whatsoever. And in all cases of seizure, detention or arrest, for debts contracted or offences committed by any citizen or subject of the one party, within the jurisdiction of the other, the same shall be made and prosecuted by order and authority of law only, and according to the regular course of proceedings usual in such

cases.

ARTICLE XVII.

If any vessel or effects of the neutral power be taken by an enemy of the other, or by a pirate, and retaken by that other, they shall be brought into some port of one of the parties, and delivered into the custody of the officers of that port, in order to be restored entire to the true proprietor, as soon as due proof shall be made concerning the property thereof.

ARTICLE XVIII.

If the citizens or subjects of either party, in danger from tempests, pirates, enemies or other accident, shall take refuge with their vessels or effects, within the harbours or jurisdiction of the other, they shall be received, protected and treated with humanity and kindness, and shall be permitted to furnish themselves, at reasonable prices, with all refreshments, provisions and other things necessary for their sustenance, health and accommodation, and for the repair of their vessels.

ARTICLE XIX.

The vessels of war, public and private, of both parties, shall carry freely wheresoever they please, the vessels and effects taken from their enemies, without being obliged to pay any duties, charges or fees to officers of admiralty, of the customs, or any others, nor shall such prizes be arrested, searched or put under legal process, when they come to and enter the ports of the other party, but may freely be carried out

vaisseau retournera dans son port, et seront exhibés à chaque requisition tant en pleine mer que dans le port. Mais si le navire se trouve sous le convoi d'un ou plusieurs vaisseaux de guerre appartenants à la partie neutre, il suffira que l'officier commandant du convoi déclare que le navire est de son parti moyennant quoi cette simple déclaration sera censée établir le fait, et dispensera les deux parties de toute visite ultérieure.

ARTICLE XV.

Pour prévenir entiérement tout désordre et toute violence en pareil cas, il a été stipulé que lorsque des navires, de la partie neutre, navigeans sans convoi, rencontreront quelque vaisseau de guerre public ou particulier de l'autre partie, le vaisseau de guerre n'approchera le navire neutre qu' au delà de la portée du canon, et n'enverra pas plus de deux ou trois hommes dans sa chaloupe à bord, pour examiner les lettres de mer ou passeports. Et toutes les personnes appartenantes à quelque vaisseau de guerre public ou particulier, qui molesteront ou insulteront en quelque maniére que ce soit l'equipage, les vaisseaux ou effets de l'autre partie, seront responsables en leurs personnes et en leurs biens, de tous dommages et intérêts; pour lesquels il sera donné caution suffisante par tous les commandans de vaisseaux armés en course, avant qu'ils reçoivent leurs commissions.

ARTICLE XVI.

Il a été convenu que les sujets ou citoyens de l'une des parties contractantes, leurs vaisseaux ni effets, ne pourront être assujettis à aucun embargo, ni retenus de la part de l'autre pour quelque expédition militaire, usage public ou particulier de qui que ce soit. Et dans les cas de saisie, de detention, ou d'arrêt, soit pour dettes contractées, ou offenses commises par quelque citoyen ou sujet de l'une des parties contractantes dans la jurisdiction de l'autre, on procedera uniquement par ordre et autorité de la justice et suivant les voyes ordinaires en pareil cas usitées.

ARTICLE XVII.

S'il arrivoit que les bâtimens ou effets de la puissance neutre fussent pris par l'ennemi de l'autre, ou par un pirate, et ensuite repris par la puissance en guerre, ils seront conduits dans un port de l'une des deux parties contractantes et remis à la garde des officiers du port, afin d'être restitués en entier au proprietaire legitime, dès qu'il aura duement constaté son droit de propriété.

ARTICLE XVIII.

Lorsque les citoyens ou sujets de l'une des deux parties contractantes seront forcés par des tempêtes, par la poursuite des corsaires ou vaisseaux ennemis, ou par quelqu' autre accident, à se réfugier avec leurs vaisseaux ou effets dans les havres, ou dans la jurisdiction de l'autre, ils seront reçus, protégés et traités avec humanité et honnêteté. Il leur sera permis de se pourvoir à un prix raisonable de rafraichissemens, de provisions et de toutes choses nécessaires pour leur subsistance, santé et commodité, et pour la reparation de leurs vaisseaux.

ARTICLE XIX.

Les vaisseaux de guerre publics et particuliers des deux parties contractantes, pourront conduire en toute liberté, par tout où il leur plaira, les vaisseaux et effets qu'ils auront pris sur leurs ennemis, sans être obligés de payer aucune impôts, charges ou droits aux officiers de l'amirauté, des douanes ou autres. Ces prises ne pourront être non plus ni arrêtées, ni visitées, ni soumises à des procédures légales, en entrant

Citizens of either party shall not take commissions or letters of

marque from a state at war with the other.

Regulations to be observed in case of war.

again at any time by their captors to the places expressed in their commissions, which the commanding officer of such vessel shall be obliged to show. But no vessel which shall have made prizes on the subjects of his Most Christian Majesty the King of France, shall have a right of asylum in the ports or havens of the said United States; and if any such be forced therein by tempest or dangers of the sea, they shall be obliged to depart as soon as possible, according to the tenor of the treaties existing between his said Most Christian Majesty and the said United States.

ARTICLE XX.

No citizen or subject of either of the contracting parties shall take from any power with which the other may be at war, any commission or letter of marque for arming any vessel to act as a privateer against the other, on pain of being punished as a pirate; nor shall either party hire, lend or give any part of their naval or military force to the enemy of the other, to aid them offensively or defensively against that other.

ARTICLE XXI.

If the two contracting parties should be engaged in war against a common enemy, the following points shall be observed between them.

1. If a vessel of one of the parties, retaken by a privateer of the other, shall not have been in possession of the enemy more than twentyfour hours, she shall be restored to the first owner for one third of the value of the vessel and cargo; but if she shall have been more than twenty-four hours in possession of the enemy, she shall belong wholly to the recaptor. 2. If in the same case the recapture were by a public vessel of war of the one party, restitution shall be made to the owner for one thirtieth part of the value of the vessel and cargo, if she shall not have been in possession of the enemy more than twenty-four hours, and one tenth of the said value where she shall have been longer, which sums shall be distributed in gratuities to the recaptors. 3. The restitution in the cases aforesaid, shall be after due proof of property, and surety given for the part to which the recaptors are entitled. 4. The vessels of war, public and private, of the two parties, shall be reciprocally admitted with their prizes into the respective ports of each; but the said prizes shall not be discharged nor sold there, until their legality shall have been decided, according to the laws and regulations of the states to which the captor belongs, but by the judicatures of the place into which the prize shall have been conducted. 5. It shall be free to each party to make such regulations as they shall judge necessary for the conduct of their respective vessels of war, public and private, relative to the vessels which they shall take and carry into the ports of the two parties.

Convoys in certain cases.

ARTICLE XXII

Where the parties shall have a common enemy, or shall both be neutral, the vessels of war of each shall, upon all occasions, take under their protection the vessels of the other going the same course, and shall defend such vessels as long as they hold the same course, against all force and violence, in the same manner as they ought to protect and defend vessels belonging to the party of which they are.

ARTICLE XXIII.

If war should arise between the two contracting parties, the merchants of either country, then residing in the other, shall be allowed to remain

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