Academy of Arts (p. 221), exhibition of paintings and sculpture, from May to the first Monday in August, open daily 10-7 (18.). Bethnal Green Museum (p. 128), open free on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays, 10 a.m. to 10 p.m.; on Wednesday, 10-4, 5, or 6, admission 6d. **British Museum (p. 233), daily from 10 a.m. till 4, 5, or 6 p.m. according to the season (on Mondays and Saturdays in summer till 7 or 8 p.m.); the reading-room is open to readers daily from 9 a.m. The Museum is closed on Good Friday and Christmas Day. Chelsea Hospital (p. 292), daily, 10-1 and 2-7. *Crystal Palace, Sydenham (p. 305), open daily, Sundays excepted, from 10 a.m. till the evening, sometimes as late as 10 or 11 p.m. Admission 18.; Saturday occasionally 2s. 6d.; special days dearer; children half-price. *Dulwich Gallery (p. 312), daily, Sundays excepted, 10-5, in winter 10-4. *Foundling Hospital (p. 228), Mon. 10-4, and Sun. after morning service. Geological Museum (p. 222), Mon. and Sat. 10-10, Tues., Wed., and Thurs. 10-5; closed 10th Aug. to 10th Sept. Greenwich Hospital (p. 301), daily from 10 a.m. (Sun. from 2p.m.) to 4, 5, or 6 p.m. Guildhall Museum (p. 99), daily, summer 10-5; winter 10-4. *Hampton Court Gallery (p. 317), daily, except Fridays, 10-6; in winter 10-4 (Sundays 2-6 or 2-4). *India Museum (p. 289), daily, 10 to 4, 5, or 6; free. *Kew Gardens (p. 322), daily, 12-6; Sundays 1-6 p.m. **National Gallery (p. 147), Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays, 10 to 4, 5, 6, or 7, according to the season, free; Thursdays and Fridays, after 11 o'clock, 6d. **National Portrait Gallery (p. 129), now in Bethnal Green Museum (see above). * Natural History Museum (p. 273), daily from 10 to 4, 5, or 6 (closed on Sundays, Good Friday, and Christmas Day). * Parliament, Houses of (p. 184), on Saturday, 10-4, by tickets obtained gratis at the office of the Lord Chamberlain. Royal College of Surgeons (p. 177), Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays, 12-5 in summer, and 12-4 in winter; by special permission. **Saint Paul's Cathedral (p. 81), daily, 9-5, except Sundays and the hours of divine service (admission to the crypt, etc., see p. 84). Soane Museum (p. 178), Tues., Wed., Thurs., and Sat. in April, May, June, July, and August, and Tues. and Thurs. in Feb. and March, from 11 to 5. Society of Arts (p. 144), daily, except Wednesdays, 10-4 p.m. **South Kensington Museum (p. 275), Mondays, Tuesdays, and Saturdays, 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., gratis; Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, 10 a.m. to 4, 5, or 6 p.m. according to the season, admission 6d. *Temple Church (p. 136), daily, 10-1 and 2-4 o'clock, Saturday excepted (free). The rotunda is open to the public on Sundays during divine service. *Tower (p. 117), daily, 10-4, except Sundays; Mondays and Saturdays free; other days, Armoury 6d. and Crown Jewels 6d. United Service Museum (p. 182), daily, except Fridays and Sundays, 11-5, in winter 11-4 p.m. ** Westminster Abbey (p. 193), daily, except Sundays, 9 a.m. till dusk. Admission to the chapels 6d.; on Mondays and Tuesdays free. Divine service on Sundays. *Zoological Gardens (p. 229), daily, except Sundays (when members only are admitted); admission 18., Mondays 6d. The royal palaces, the mansions of the nobility and gentry, the Bank, the Mint, the Times Printing Office, and other objects of interest for which a special permission is required, can be visited only on the days and at the hours indicated in the order. Diary. (To be compared with the above alphabetical list.) Sundays. Hampton Court, Picture Gallery 2-6, in winter 2-4; Gardens from 2 till dusk. Kew Gardens, 1-6. Greenwich Hospital, Pictures, 2 to 4, 5, or 6 p.m. Foundling Hospital, after morning service. Mondays. Tower, 10-4 (10-6 in summer), free. - Temple Church, 10-1 and 2-4, free. - Westminster Abbey, 9-3, in summer 4-6 also, free. National Gallery, 10-6, in winter 10-5. - Royal College of Surgeons, by permission, 12-5, in winter 12-4. - St. Paul's Cathedral, 9-5 (crypt, clock, bell, whispering gallery, etc., various fees). - South Kensington Museum, 10a.m. to 10 p.m., gratis. - Bethnal Green Museum and National Portrait Gallery, 10-10, gratis. Geological Museum, 10-10. British Museum, 10 to 4-8. United Service Museum, 11-5, in winter 11-4, by permission. - India Museum, 10-6, free. Foundling Hospital, 10-4. Greenwich Hospital, 10 to 4-6. Chelsea Hospital, 10-1 and 2-7. Society of Arts, 10-4. Guildhall Museum, 10 to 4 or 5. - Zoological Gardens, from 9 a.m. (6d.). - Kew Gardens, 12-6. -Dulwich Gallery, 10-5, in winter 10-4. - Hampton Court, 10-6.Crystal Palace at Sydenham, 10a.m. till dusk (18.). Tuesdays. Tower, 10-4 (armouries 6d., crown jewels 6d.). Temple Church, 10-1 and 2-4 (free). Westminster Abbey, 9-3, in summer 9-6, free. St. Paul's Cathedral, 9-5 (crypt, etc., various fees). National Gallery, 10-6. Royal College of Surgeons, 10 to 4 or 5. South Kensington Museum, 10 a. m. to 10 p.m., gratis. Green Museum and National Portrait Gallery, 10-10, gratis. British Museum, 10 to 4, 5, or 6. - Geological Museum, 10-5. United Service Museum, 11-5, in winter Bethnal 11-4. - India Museum, 10-6, free. - Soane Museum, by card obtained within, from Feb. to Aug., 11-5. - Guildhall Museum, 10 to 4 or 5. Zoological Gardens, from 9 a.m. (18.). - Kew Gardens, 12-6.-Dulwich Gallery, 10-5, in winter 10-4. Hampton Court, 10-6. Crystal Palace at Sydenham, 10a.m. till dusk (18.). Greenwich Hospital, 10 till 4-6. 2-7. Society of Arts, 10-4. Chelsea Hospital, 10-1 and Wednesdays. Tower, 10-4 Church, 10-1 and 2-4 (free). summer 4-6 (chapels 6d.). (armouries, etc., 18.). - Temple Westminster Abbey, 9-3, and in St. Paul's Cathedral, 9-5 (various fees). Royal College of Surgeons, 12 to 4 or National Gallery, 10-6. 5. - South Kensington Museum, 10a.m. till dusk (6d.). - Bethnal Green Museum and National Portrait Gallery, 10 to 4, 5, or 6 (6d.). India Museum, 10-6, free, Guildhall Museum, 10 to 4 or 5. Geological Museum, 10-5 - British Museum, 10 to 4, 5, or 6. Soane Museum, by card obtained within, from April to Aug., 11-5. United Service Museum, 10-5, in winter 11-4. - Zoological Gardens, from 9a.m. (18.). - Dulwich Gallery, 10-5, in winter 10-4. Hampton Court, 10-6. - Crystal Palace, Sydenham, 10 a.m. till dusk (18.). - Kew Gardens, 12-6. - Greenwich Hospital, 10 to 4-6. Chelsea Hospital, 10-1 and 2-7. Thursdays. Tower, 10-4(armouries, etc., 1s.). - Temple Church, 10-1 and 2-4 (free). Westminster Abbey, 9-3, and in summer 4-6 also (chapels 6d.). St. Paul's Cathedral, 9-5 (various fees). - National Gallery, 11 to 5 or 6 (6d.). South Kensington Museum, 10 a.m. till dusk (6d.). Bethnal Green Museum and National Portrait Gallery, 10 to 10, gratis. British Museum, 10 to 4, 5, or 6. Geological Museum, 10-5. - Soane Museum (Feb. to Aug.), 11-5. Guildhall Museum, 10 to 4 or 5. Service Museum, 11-5, in winter 11-4. - India Museum, 10-6, United free. Zoological Gardens, from 9 a. m. (18.). Dulwich Gallery, 10-5, in winter 10-4. Hampton Court, 10-6. - Crystal Palace at Sydenham, 10a.m. till dusk. (18.). - Kew Gardens, 12-6. Greenwich Hospital, 10 till 4, 5, or 6. Chelsea Hospital, 10-1 and 2-7. Society of Arts, 10-4. Fridays. Tower, 10-4 (armouries, etc., 1s.). - Temple Church, 10-1 and 2-4 (free). - Westminster Abbey, 9-3, and in summer 4-6 also (chapels 6d.). St. Paul's Cathedral, 9-5 (various fees). National Gallery, 11 to 5 or 6 (6d.). South Kensington Museum, 10 a.m. till dusk (6d.). - Bethnal Green Museum and National Portrait Gallery, 10 to 10, gratis. Guildhall Museum, 10 to 4 or 5. - British Museum, 10 to 4, 5, or 6. India Museum, 10-6, free. - Greenwich Hospital, 10 to dusk. - Chelsea Hospital, 10-2 and 2-7. Kew Gardens, 12-6. - Society of Arts, 10-4. Zoological Gardens, from 9 a.m. (18.). Dulwich Gallery, 10-5, in winter 10-4. Crystal Palace, 10 a.m. till dusk (18.). Saturdays. Houses of Parliament, 10-4. Tower, 10-4 (10-6 *「 Westminster Abbey, 9-3, and in summer 4-6 South Guildhall Museum, 10 to 4 or in summer), free. also (chapels 6d.). National Gallery, 10-6. Houses of Parliament, 10-4. Kensington Museum, 10-10, free. Bethnal Green Museum and National Portrait Gallery, 10-10. 5. Soane Museum (April to Aug.), 11-5. - United Service Museum, 11-5, in winter 11-4. British Museum, 12 to 4-8. India Museum, 10-6, free. logical Gardens, from 9 a.m. (18.). - Dulwich Gallery, 10-5, in winter 10-4. Geological Museum, 10-10. - Zoo Hampton Court Gallery, 10-6. - Crystal Palace, Sydenham, 10 to dusk (occasionally 2s. 6d.). - Chelsea Hospital, 10-1 and 2-7. Greenwich Hospital, 10 till 4, 5, or 6. Kew Gardens, 12-6. Society of Arts, 10-2. 25. Books relating to London. The following are some of the best and latest works on London and its neighbourhood, to which the visitor desirous of further information than can be obtained in a guide-book may be referred. Walks in London, by Aug. J. C. Hare; 2 vols., illus.; 5th ed., 1883. London (Historic Towns Series), by W. J. Loftie; 1886. In and out of London, by W. J. Loftie; illustrated; 1876. A History of London, by W. J. Loftie; 2 vols., illustrated; 2nd ed., 1884, with appendix. Northern Heights of London, by Wm. Howitt; illustrated; 1869. Thorne's Handbook to the Environs of London; 2 vols., 1877. Memorials of London and London Life in the 13th, 14th, and 15th Centuries, by H. T. Riley; 1868. Round about London (12 miles), by a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries; 4th ed., 1887. Knight's London; 2 vols.; illustrated. Cassell's Old and New London, by W. Thornbury and E. Walford; 6 vols., illustrated; 4th ed., 1887. Cassell's Greater London (15 miles), by E. Walford; 2 vols., illustrated. Old London Street Cries and the Cries of To-day, by A. W. Tuer; illustrated; 1885. Literary Landmarks of London, by Laurence Hutton; 4th ed., 1888. Curiosities of London, by J. Timbs; 1876. Clubs and Club Life in London, by J. Timbs; illustrated. Dickens's Dictionary of London (1s.) and Dictionary of the Thames (1s.). ascertaining the position of any street in London. Whitaker's Almanack (18.) gives a large amount of useful information in a condensed form. I. THE CITY. 1. St. Paul's Cathedral. The City, already noticed in the Introduction as the commercial centre of London, has sometimes also been not unaptly termed its capital. In the very heart of it, conspicuously situated on a slight eminence, stands London's most prominent building, *St. Paul's Cathedral (Pl. R, 39; III). Some authorities maintain that in pagan times a temple of Diana occupied the site of St. Paul's, but Sir Christopher Wren rejected this idea. Still the spot must at least have been one of some sanctity, to judge from the cinerary urns and other vessels found here, and Wren was of opinion, from remains discovered in digging the foundations of the present edifice, that there had been a church on this spot built by Christians in the time of the Romans, and demolished by the Pagan Saxons. It is believed to have been restored by Ethelbert, King of Kent, about A.D. 610. This building was burned down in 961, and rebuilt within a year. It was again destroyed by fire in 1087, but was soon re-erected, and in 1315 was furnished with a timber spire, covered with lead, 520 ft. high. The spire was injured by lightning in 1445, but was restored, and it continued standing till 1561, when it fell a prey to the flames. The church itself, Old St. Paul's, was damaged by this fire, and fell into a very dilapidated condition. The S.W. tower was called the Lollards' Tower (comp. p. 298). Near the church once stood the celebrated Cross of St. Paul (Powle's Cross), where sermons were preached, papal bulls promulgated, heretics made to recant, and witches to confess, and where the Pope's condemnation of Luther was proclaimed in the presence of Wolsey. The cross and adjacent pulpit were at length removed by order of parliament in 1643. The platform on which the cross stood was discovered in 1879, at a depth of about 6 ft., by workmen engaged in laying out the garden on the N.E. side of the church (comp. Plan). The subterranean portions of the half-ruined church were used as workshops and wine-cellars. A theatre was erected against one of the outer walls, and the nave was converted into a public promenade, the once famous Paul's Walk. The Protector Somerset (in the reign of Edward VI.) went so far as to employ the stones of the ancient edifice in the construction of his palace (Somerset House, p. 141). In the reign of Charles I. an extensive restoration was undertaken, and a beautiful portico built by Inigo Jones. The Civil War, however, put an end to this work. After the Restoration, when the church was about to be repaired, its remains were completely destroyed by the Great Fire of 1666 (р. 110). Among the numerous historical reminiscences attaching to Old St. Paul's, we may mention that it was the burial-place of a long series of illustrious persons, and the scene of Wycliffe's citation for heresy in 1337, and of the burning of Tyndale's New Testament in 1527. The present church, designed by Sir Christopher Wren, and begun in 1675, was opened for divine service in 1697, and completed in 1710. It is interesting to notice that the whole building was completed by one architect, Sir Christopher Wren, and by one master mason, Thomas Strong, under one bishop, Dr. Compton. The greater part of the cost of construction (747,9541.) was defrayed BAEDEKER, London. 7th Edit. 6 |