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I went, and bruised their helmets; I disfigured their beautiful faces.

After a prepofition او is often changed into وي or و

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When the king of the world showed his face, the general kissed the ground, and advanced before him.

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Sometimes after the preposition in the letter is inserted to prevent the hiatusas بدو bedo for باو bein it; the fame may be observed of بدان bedan for بان bean in that,بدين bedeen for باین in this *.

The possessives are the fame with the personals, and are diftinguished by being added to their substantives, as

Sing. دل من dili men my heart.
دل تو dili to thy heart.

وي or دل او dili o his or her heart.

Plur. دلهاي ما dilhai ma our hearts.

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They are often expressed in the fingular number by these

final letters emet, and

end after an 1 or

by ام am, اتat and

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in Telif or vau the letter يya is inserted before the finals

as ش ت م

* In the same manner and from the same motive the old Romans added a d to many words followed by a vowel; thus Horace, if we adopt the reading of Muretus, uses tibid for tibi,

Omnem crede diem tibid illuxisse supremum.

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In poetry, and sometimes in profe, the oblique cafes of

the personal pronouns are also expressed by تم and

as

خوشا شیراز ووضع بي مثالش

خداوندا نگه دار از زوالش

Joy be to Shiraz and its charming borders! O heaven,
preserve it from decay !

These oblique cafes are joined to any word in the sentence
which the poet finds convenient: thus in the couplet just
quoted the pronoun it is added to مثال ; o in the
following diftich,
the dative of thou is placed after
the conjunction گرgher if,

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بھی سجاده رنگین کن کرت پیر مغان کوید که سالک بیخبر نبود زراه و رسم منزلها

Tinge the facred carpet with wine, if the mafter of the feaft orders thee; for he that travels is not ignorant of the ways and manners of banquet-houses.

Our reciprocal pronouns own and self are expressed in Perfian by the following words, which are applicable to all perfons and fexes ;

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I here use his felf and their felves instead of the corrupted words himself and themselves; in which usage I am justified by the authority of Sidney, and of other writers in the golden age of our language: felf seems to have been originally a noun, and was, perhaps, a synonymous word for foul, according to Locke's definition of it; Self is that confcious thinking " thing, which is sensible or confcious of pleasure and pain, capable of " happiness and misery:" if this observation be just, the Arabs have exactly the fame idiom, for their soul answers precisely to our felf, as " a boy threw his felf into a river."

صبي رمي نفسه في نهر

خود is also joined like the Latin ipfe to every person

of a verb, as

Sing.

Plur.

.ipse veni خون آمدم .ipft venimus خود آمدیم

.ipft venistis خود آمدید ipse venisti خود آمدي

.ipse venit خود آمد

خود آمدند ipfi venerunt.

The word خود feems to be redundant in the following beautiful lines of Sadi,

داني چه گفت مرا آن بلبل سحري تو خود چه آدمي كز عشق بيخبري

Doft thou know what the early nightingale said to me ? " What fort of man art thou, faid he, that canst be ignorant of love?"

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When خود is used as a pronoun poffeffive, it answers to the Greek σφέτερα, and fignifies my, thy, our, your, his or her, and their, according to the perfon and number of the principal verb in the sentence; of which I must borrow (for want of a better) the example quoted by De

Dieu:

از

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