they shall, at the same time, furnish | il fournira en même temps une copie a copy to the Belgian Government. au Gouvernement de Sa Majesté le Roi des Belges. The Belgian Government may, in their turn, within a period of three weeks after the receipt of the said copy, forward to the Arbitrator an answer to this reply, whilst, at the same time, furnishing a copy of it to Her Majesty's Government. Article IV. After the exchange of these Memoranda, no communication, either written, or verbal, shall be made to the Arbitrator unless the latter should ad dress himself to the Parties to this Convention, in order to obtain from one or both of them further information in writing. Le Gouvernement de Sa Majesté le Roi des Belges pourra à son tour, dans le délai de trois semaines après la réception de la dite copie, faire parvenir à l'Arbitre une réponse à cette réplique, sauf à en transmettre en même temps une copie au Gouvernement de Sa Majesté Britannique. Article IV. Après l'échange de ces Mémoires, aucune communication, ni écrite ni verbale, ne sera faite à l'Arbitre, à moins que ce dernier ne s'adresse lui-même aux Parties Contractantes pour obtenir par écrit de l'une d'elles ou de toutes deux des renseignements ultérieurs. La Partie Contractante qui aurait à donner de semblables renseignements en transmettra immédiatement The Party which may give such information shall immediately furnish a copy thereof to the other Party, and the latter may, if they think une copie à l'autre Partie Contracwell, within a month after the receipt of such copy, communicate in writing to the Arbitrator any observations to which it may give rise. These observations shall likewise be concurrently furnished, in copy, to the other Party. The Arbitrator may, if he thinks fit, require evidence to be laid before him in such manner as he may direct on any point on which the Parties are in conflict. Article V. tante, et celle-ci, si elle le juge convenable, en déans le mois de la réception de cette copie, communiquera par écrit à l'Arbitre les observations auxquelles ce document pourra donner lieu. Ces observations seront également, et en même temps, transmises en copie à l'autre Partie Contrac tante. L'Arbitre pourra, s'il le juge opportun, réclamer qu'il lui soit fourni, de la manière qu'il indiquera, la preuve de l'un des faits sur lesquels porte le différend. Article V. The Arbitrator shall give his L'Arbitre rendra sa Sentence aussiAward as soon as possible, and shall tôt que possible, et il fixera le monlikewise determine the amount of tant des frais nécessaires résultant necessary costs incident to the arbi- de l'arbitrage; il déterminera celle tration, and settle which of the Par- des Parties Contractantes qui aura à ties shall defray them. These costs, les supporter. Ces frais, dont il est the amount of which it is clearly bien entendu que le montant sera understood shall be limited as much limité autant que possible, pourront être mis pour le tout ou partiellement à la charge de l'une des Parties Contractantes. as possible, may be adjudged to either Party in whole or in part. The High Contracting Parties Les Hautes Parties Contractantes mutually engage to accept as final s'engagent à accepter comme définithe decision pronounced by the Ar- tive la décision prononcée par l'Arbitrator within the limits of the pre-bitre dans les limites de la présente sent Convention, and to submit it to Convention et à s'y soumettre sans unreservedly. aucune réserve. If, at any time before the case be Si, à un moment quelconque, avant decided, the Arbitrator should cease que la Sentence ne soit rendue, l'Arto act, as such, from other than tem- bitre venait à cesser ces fonctions, porary causes, the High Contracting pour un autre motif qu'une cause Parties shall agree upon a substitute temporaire, les Hautes Parties Conto proceed with the arbitration in tractantes s'entendront pour désigner his stead. un autre Arbitre, qui procédera à la solution du différend à sa place. 28. GRANDE-BRETAGNE, BELGIQUE. Sentence Arbitrale rendue par M. Arthur Desjardins dans l'Affaire Ben Tillett du 26 décembre 1898 et documents, memoranda etc. y relatifs. Parliamentary Papers. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. Commercial. No. 2. 1899. Memorandum on behalf of the Government of Her Britannic Majesty in support of their Claim against the Government of His Majesty the King of the Belgians with regard to the Expulsion from Belgium of Mr. Ben Tillett. On the morning of Thursday, the 20th August 1896, Mr. Ben Tillett, a British subject, arrived at Antwerp by steamer from Harwich. It was his intention, which, but for the circumstances hereinafter mentioned, he would have carried out, to return from Antwerp to Harwich by the steamer leaving Antwerp on the evening of Friday, the 21st August. 2. At 3.30 P. M. on the afternoon of Friday, the 21st August, Mr. Tillett was arrested in Antwerp by the Belgian police and taken to a police office. He protested against the arrest, and asked on what charge he was arrested. The police officer having control of the police office answered that no specific charge was preferred against Mr. Tillett, but that he was arrested in pursuance of orders given by the Belgian Minister of Justice. 3. Mr. Tillett was detained at the said police office for a period of three or four hours until after 7 P. M. on the 21st August. He was then taken by the Belgian police to the prison at Antwerp. On his arrival at the said prison, though no accusation or criminal charge was preferred against him, Mr. Tillett was in all respects treated as a criminal or as a person arrested on a criminal charge. He was stripped naked, searched, and placed in a prisoner's cell. The cell was damp, full of foul odours, and the walls, the floor, and the bed, were covered with filth. Upon Mr. Tillett's complaint, he was removed to another cell, the condition of which, except for the bed, was equally filthy, repulsive, and injurious to health. 4. On being incarcerated, as hereinbefore stated, Mr. Tillett requested permission to communicate with his wife, his friends, and Her Britannic Majesty's Consul-General at Antwerp. On the morning of Saturday, the 22nd August, he made a written request to the like effect. These requests were disregarded. 5. On Saturday, the 22nd August, Mr. Tillett was on several occasions taken from his cell into the presence of various officials, and on each of these occasions he was compelled to wear the dress reserved for criminals and prisoners, namely, the cowl or the cloak worn by prisoners in the prison at Antwerp when outside their cells. 6. At 4 P. M. on Saturday, the 22nd August, Mr. Tillett was informed that he would be liberated in two hours, and, finally, soon after 6 P. M. he was allowed to leave the prison, and was escorted to the steamer which left Antwerp that evening. 7. Mr. Tillett was thus subject to arrest and imprisonment for a continuous period of twenty-six and a-half hours. No charge was ever made against Mr. Tillett, and no sufficient explanation even given to him of the reason of his arrest. 8. Throughout his imprisonment Mr. Tillett suffered from cold, from damp, and from the absence of sufficient and wholesome food. By reason of these circumstances he suffered serious injury to his health. Such injury included severe chill, inflammation of the respiratory organs, shock to the nervous system, and complete prostration from which Mr. Tillett has never wholly recovered. Mr. Tillett has since his incarceration been unable to pursue his vocation, and has been obliged to proceed to Australia for his health. 9. For these reasons, and on the grounds hereinafter set forth, it is submitted that the Government of His Majesty the King of the Belgians are liable to make adequate compensation for the matters complained of. and having regard to the indignities suffered by Mr. Tillett, to the expenses incurred by him through his illness, and to the loss he has sustained by not having been able to attend to his business, the sum claimed on his behalf by way of compensation is 3,000 l., and, further, it is prayed that the Arbitrator shall adjudge that the Government of His Majesty the King of the Belgians should pay the amount of the necessary costs of both parties incident to the arbitration. 10. As to the question of the liability of the Government of His Majesty the King of the Belgians for the acts complained of, even assuming that a State has the right to expel a foreigner from its territory, and in case of his refusal to go, or in case of other necessity, a right to use force or restraint in such a manner as may be reasonably necessary to secure his leaving the country within a reasonable time; it is submitted that, in the absence of any criminal charge against the foreigner, the State has otherwise no power, according to the accepted usages and principles of international law, to imprison or use force to the person of the foreigner. In the present, case, therefore, it might have been justifiable for the Belgian Government to have requested Mr. Tillett to leave Antwerp by the steamer leaving for England at 7 P. M. on Friday, the 21st August, and, if necessary, to have used force or means of restraint to compel him to do so. But it is submitted that the Belgian Government had no right to subject Mr. Tillett to the treatment he underwent or to the indignities he sustained, and, further, no right to detain him in their territory, and so prevent him leaving Belgium by the steamer on the 21st August, as he would otherwise have done. 11. The following authorities among others bear out the above propositions and explain the present position of international law on the subject: " i) Bluntschli, „Das Moderne Völkerrecht", Book V, chap. IV, § 384: Wird ein gehörig legitimierter Fremder ohne Grund verhindert, das Land zu betreten oder grundlos oder in ungebührlicher Form weggewiesen, so ist sein Heimatstaat veranlasst, wegen Verletzung des völkerrechtlichen Verkehrs Beschwerde zu führen und je nach Umständen Genugtuung zu fordern." Traduit de l'Allemand par M. G. Laudy, MDCCCLXX. „Le Droit International Codifié": § 384. Lorsqu'un Gouvernement interdit sans motif l'entrée du territoire à un étranger dûment légitimé, ou l'expulse sans cause et avcc des formes blessantes, l'Etat dont cet étranger est citoyen a le droit de réclamer contre cette violation du droit international et de demander au besoin satisfaction. ii) Heffter, „Das Europäische Völkerrecht," Book I, chap. III, § 33, VI; 5th Edition, 1867: „Kein Staat kann die gehörig legitimierten Untertanen eines anderen befreundeten Staates zurückweisen oder nachdem sie einmal von ihm aufgenommen sind, wieder ausweisen, ohne bestimmte ihrer Regierung mitzuteilende Ursachen. In keinem Falle darf es in unmittelbar kränkender Form geschlossen, wenn jene nicht durch ihr Verhalten einen zureichenden Grund zu einer solchen Behandlung geben." Heffter, „Le Droit International de l'Europe," 4 édition Française, 1883, § 33, Proposition 6: „Aucune Puissance ne peut refuser de recevoir sur son territoire les sujets d'une Puissance amie, dès qu'ils justifient d'une manière régulière de leur individualité. Elle ne peut, après les avoir reçus, les renvoyer de son territoire sans des motifs qui doivent être communiqués à leurs Gouvernements respectifs. Dans tous les cas le renvoi ne peut s'effectuer avec des formes blessantes, si la conduite de l'individu renvoyé ne les justifie pas. C'est une conséquence du droit au respect." iii) Vattel, „Le Droit des Gens", Liv. ii, Chap. VIII, § 108: „L'Etat qui doit respecter les droits des autres nations, et généralement ceux de tout homme, quelqu'il soit, ne peut donc s'arroger aucun droit sur la personne d'un étranger qui, pour être entré dans son territoire, ne s'est point rendu son sujet. L'étranger ne peut prétendre la liberté de vivre dans le pays sans en respecter les lois: s'il les viole, il est punissable, comme perturbateur du repos public, et coupable envers la société; mais il n'est point soumis, comme les sujets, à tous les comman |