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to do, it has done. What it purposes still to do, it is nised only to do what it can, and it is in vain to say it canaltogether the position of Dr. Cox, that "the Colonization e”__“folly or mockery unparalleled." I acknowledge mysee or feel the truth of the proposition." On the contramy leisure, that the remedy, so far as mere capacity goes, o remove Slavery from our country. I need not stop to enough on good land in Africa for all our colored populale to make negotiations for the quiet and peaceable possespposed to be in the want of ships enough to transport the y the expense of transportation and the necessary support or themselves. If I can prove the last, the Yankees will e first. For if we can furnish profitable employment for ber will speedily be furnished. One hundred and fifty ed themselves to be transported across the Atlantic to our that without any incumbrance to the shipping interest, er operations of commerce, or even causing any advance dollars a head for steerage accommodations. The sales of over four millions of dollars annually, and the amount is appropriated to paying the passages, and at twenty dollars I thousand annually, and who shall say that the nation cannot istence during the passage, and afterwards for a year. If fter another and cleared, and especially if none but the ken, and the aged permitted to remain and end their days è cleared in no unreasonable time. I make this statement I wish is, to show that colonization does afford a possible bable remedy is another affair. But I repeat that it is not edy, that it rests its claims for support. These claims rest ng. If greater good grows out of these efforts as a final o one knows what doors Providence may open in the dishoped for, and prayed for,-not promised. My doctrine resent good which our hands find to do, and when this is point us to further labors. When this contemptible inadeitself to the minds of abolitionists, they would find themng at some other equally inadequate beginnings, which in d superior contempt, but which have grown to be mighty. e world! A few hundred missionaries have lately set themsix hundred millions of heathen, under the notion that the ature adequate to the evil, and that with God's blessing it s of subverting paganism. I do not intend unfairly to asis now small, and in this respect like the examples I have urse maintain a likeness throughout. But I say its preI against its existence, nor as a certain proof that it will greater importance.

colonization are clustered together as follows: "It seems lind the eyes of the nation to the actual condition of things; of the only true remedy; to harden the hearts of the good chalf of our colored brethren; to inspire the creation or ce the consent of the free to emigrate; to withhold from the ity and kindness, towards those who choose to remain; to

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ultimate desideratum of the whole concern; to induce us to blame them for deliberately choosing to remain; and to beget a state of public sentiment and a course of public action, in which selfish expediency shall take precedence of eternal equity, and invite the interposition of wrath from heaven to clear our perceptions and recover us to wisdom." It would lead me into a discussion immeasurably wider than I intended, to examine all these propositions. The only reply I can make, and perhaps under the circumstances it is as fair as any, is to say, that, "it seems to me" quite otherwise; and that it seems to me most strange, that the discovery which Dr. Cox made of the most remarkable mistake he was under as to a simple matter of fact, should have so entirely revolutionized his mind upon all these matters of argument and opinion. I do not understand how the two things came to be so indissoluble; I see no chain, no fibre, which binds them together.

The only prominent topic in the letter of Dr. Cox which calls for my further attention is the reply which he makes to the question "What is the remedy?" To this he says:"I answer-THE GENUINE INFLUENCE OF THE GOSPEL: THE LOVE OF CHRIST, producing in us its appropriate fruits, without partiality and without hypocrisy;" striving to elevate them mentally, morally, and religiously—surrendering our cruel prejudices; recognizing in them the identity of the human species, and the rights of men, as "by nature free and equal" universally, and seeking, in every possible way, to enlighten and correct public sentiment respecting them; not by ferocity or denunciation, or epithets of coarse crimination; but by wisdom, argument, kindness, firmness, christian example, and prayer to Almighty God, who "executeth righteousness and judgment for all that are oppress

ed."

This is all thorough going non-committal. There is nothing in it which is not as much the creed of Colonizationists as of Abolitionists. Not one word, sectarian or distinctive. This matter of "the remedy," is "the rule" with us all, and most of all with Abolitionists. When we hail them, they answer very loquaciously until we ask "where are you bound?" when they instantly "put the helm hard up and go about." They are bound on a cruise to fight colonization and capture any vessel which they find in a quandary, but beyond that they are going no where in particular. Yet this great matter of the remedy is in reality the only matter in dispute. Abolitionists indeed go over the horrors of the slave trade and of slavery itself, and seem, most unfairly I must say, to claim this common ground as all their own. But so far from going before others on these points, they are half a century behind. They set themselves soberly to prove, what a monster slavery is in all its forms, and seem just to have discovered what every body else knew to agony, long ago. In this they appear as a set of philosophers would, who should set up some new theory of the planets, and begin by proving at length that the earth is a globe, and rolls over, and then should claim all as of their sect who believe the Copernican system. With all the investigation of Abolitionists, they have found out what was very well known before they were heard of, that the remedy is to be found in "the genuine influence of the gospel." "And so they have set themselves to oppose and upset the only systematic way in which those wiser than themselves have brought the genuine influence of the gospel to bear upon and melt the chains of slavery.

Having applied my scissors physically to the four columns of the Evangelist containing the letter in question until it lies before me a perfect wreck, and having, as I hope, also made a moral and mental wreck of its arguments and positions, I shall proceed to state my own views of this great subject.

I start with the following propositions. Slavery in this country must terminate in

COLONIZATION, AMALGAMATION, or ANNIHILATION.

I have already shown that it may terminate in colonization. I now proceed to examine the alternatives to which we are shut up by the doctrines of abolition, and I say without hesitation, they are but two, amalgamation or annihilation. The idea of perpetuating the blacks as a free and independent, equal and commingled, yet distinct race, is, in my opinion, sheer fancy. History contains no trace of any such thing, if we except the Jews preserved by constant miracle in fulfilment of the threatening and promise of God. On the contrary it buries in oblivion all such races of men, and leaves no traces of them behind. The Indian aborigines of this country are before our eyes a living, dying and conclusive proof of what must become of the negro race if set free upon our shores and in the midst of our population. Their mighty nations have melted away before the whites like winter's snow before the vernal sun; until the melancholy conviction is settling upon our minds that no efforts of philanthropy and no protection of laws can save them from utter extinction. To this same conclusion tend irresistibly the statistics of our own country. The various enumerations of our inhabitants show that while kept in slavery, the blacks increase fully one third faster than the whites around them.But the free blacks do not increase at all: on the contrary, they dwindle away, as the annexed table will show. It is well known that from the New England States there is very little emigration of the blacks. They have not within them that stirring spirit which stimulates the white sous of that portion of our country to penetrate the West, and in fact, people the world with intelligence and enterprise. On the contrary, the current of black population sets into New England from the great reservoir of the South. Yet what do we

see? In those States which are so situated as to receive the smallest portions of these emigrants, the aggregate of colored people is diminishing.

Table showing the number of colored persons in the New England States from 1790 to 1830:

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Total..............5,572.........6,251.,,.....6,762...........7,967.........8,072

In this table the colored race has the benefit of all "mulattoizing," as Dr, Cox has it.Every son of New England will find his own recollection corroborating these statistics. The colored race, therefore, is constantly melting away. To my mind the proof is satisfactory, that a decree of abolition throughout our whole country, without some other 'measure in connexion with it, would be the knell of extinction to the blacks. If I were called upon to choose between extinction and perpetuated slavery, I am an abolitionist so thoroughgoing as to prefer extinction. Yet it is an awful alternative, and one to which I do not believe we are are yet driven.

Let us then examine amalgamation or mulattoizing. Here we have to encounter all the "horrible prejudice" of which Dr. Cox complains, and of which all abolitionists complain, but which seems to control their own actions as much as the actions of other men. Dr. Cox is, however, so determined to break down prejudice, that he declares he "would never consent to go to any people as their pastor, who had no room for colored people." But I must tell Dr. Cox, that to require a people to provide room where the blacks can sit by themselves, is but submitting to and perpetuating the prejudice of which he complains. He must take different and opposite ground from this. He must go to no people where there is room provided for the blacks, but only to such as abjure prejudice, and admit colored persons to sit commingled with the whites. If amalgamation is to preserve the blacks, then surely every good man will say it must be in holy matrimony. Then let abolitionists show themselves superior to prejudice, and play the part of men in the business. Seat yourself, sir, by that'ebeautiful bonette; ask her to marry you; urge your suit. You hesitate. In your eyes, your lips, your nose, you show signs of horrible prejudice. Nay, sir, take her to be your weded wife, and anticipate the joys of your happy fireside, graced by her and the little mulatto pledges of your love.

Do you refuse? Then turn a man of sense, and cease to prate of prejudices which in yourself you cannot overcome. When abolitionists will subdue prejudices in themselves only so far as to take blacks for their clerks, companions and associates, we will let them begin to lecture us. Until then, let them see to their own improvement. Doubtless there is great prejudice about the blacks, but there is a great deal to keep the races distinct which is not prejudice. They are by nature and unalterably disagreeable to each other and by qualities which can never be perfumed to sweetness by any refinements of logic about abstract equality. There will never be an honorable and virtuous amalgamation of the races. It will never come about, but as the effect of a broad, and general and boundless prostitution. A deluge of pollution must engulph our country, at the thought of which the heart sickens. Thank God the thought has no permanent existence but in brains left vacant by the abandonment of reason.

From the despair of these expedients, I turn to Colonization as the only hope for the blacks or the whites. I seize it as the only plank that can save me and my country, and I say to the Abolitionists as the Christian says to the deist about his Bible, take it not away until you provide me something better in its stead. If abolitionists can add any thing to what is now doing for the blacks, let them do so. They shall have the hearty co-operation of good men. Colonization does not pretend to be every thing, much less does the Colonization Society pretend that it is doing every thing which ought to be done for them. It does but one thing. The field is broad, let others come in and add their labors, and do other things. But in mercy to the negroes and to my country, and to Africa, I call upon christian men not to shut out the only distinct ray of light which now beams upon us.

QUO.

COLONIZATION.

191

The intelligent Editor of the "Pittsburg Christian Herald and Western Missionary Reporter," in his paper of May 17, has the following remarks concerning the Colonization Society:

"We have thought it strange indeed, in those who call themselves Abolitionists, and assume to themselves the reputation of being the exclusive friends of the colored race, that their zeal is exhausted in vituperating slave-holders, the friends of colonization, and the Colonization Society.

"If our sentiments are worth any thing on such a subject, we would claim to be as strong abolitionists as any one, whose name graces the roll of the society. But the opposition to the Colonization Society—the misrepresentation of its sayings and doings, and the exultation which has been indulged when any thing appeared, in expectation or in fact, to its disadvantage, with the spirit manifested towards the people of the South, has hitherto held us at a distance from it."

[From the Springfield (Mass.) Republican, May 17, 1834.]

The March and April Nos. of the African Repository (published at Washington City under the direction of the American Colonization Society) have come to hand. They contain some articles of unusual interest to the friends of the Colonization cause. Among these are a review of Anti-Slavery publications and Defence of the Colonization Society, by Hon. T. FRELINGHUYSEN; a Report submitted to the Managers in February, by Hon. WALTER LOWRIE, from the Committee to whom was referred the subject of the Society's debt ($45,645) and the causes of it; encouraging letters from Gerrit Smith, Esq. Mr. Frelinghuysen and others, accompanied by liberal donations to wipe off the debt and continue the operations of the Society; a letter from Capt. Voorhees, of the U. S. Navy, giving a clear and on the whole encouraging view of the situation and wants of the Colony. There are also several other articles of an interesting character, neither of which our limits will admit of at this time. The exposition of the Managers in regard to the debt is evidently a frank and undisguised admission of facts. From them we discover no impurity of purpose any where, except it may be in the merchants of Liberia in charging exhorbitant profits upon stores furnished the colonists, and to an amount altogether beyond the expectations of the Managers. This cause, with the large shipments of colonists in 1832, when the Society was actually in debt, together with the want of business-like vigilance on the part of the Managers, has produced the debt. But these adverse circumstances have stimulated the Society to a complete system of retrenchment and reform.The evils of the past, will be guarded against in future. A number of wealthy and distinguished gentlemen in different parts of the country, came forward immediately to assist. in wiping off the debt, and in sustaining the Society in its work of philanthropy. We trust the friends of the Society in this country, will lose none of their former confidence or zeal in the institution and will in due time come forward in aid of its work.

A new weekly paper entitled the "Journal of Freedom," has been commenced at New Haven, Conn. It is very neatly printed and promises to be ably conducted. We subjoin the following extracts as specimens of its principles and style:

THE COLONIZATION OF AFRICA. We do not enter the field of controversy, as the advocates of the American Colonization Society. This Journal is independent of that Society and all its branches. Yet we profess ourselves friends of African Colonization.The colonies which American benevolence is planting on the continent of Africa, are essential in our view, to give completeness and system to the efforts which are now made in some quarters for the renovation of the African race. We have therefore no alliance with those whose battle-cry is, "The destruction of the Colonization Society, the first step to the abolition of slavery." It is not our design however, as we have already intimated, to fill our columns with controversy on that subject. To collect and record the facts respecting the Society and its colonies, will be more agreeable to us, and more profitable to our readers. We shall not be dependent for these facts on the official publications of the Society. There are other sources of information, to which we have access. We design to maintain a correspondence with individuals in the colonies, expressly for the purpose of obtaining authentic and full accounts for this Journal.

The progress of discovery and improvement in the CONTINENT OF AFRICA, will be considered as one of our topics of inquiry and record. Science, Commerce, and Christian

zeal, are looking eagerly to Africa. Traveller after traveller has perished in the attempt to penetrate its forests, and to trace its mysterious rivers. The gold, the ivory, the precious woods, the spices and the gums of Africa are yet to reward the adventurous toil of commerce. And Ethiopia, on whose borders the missionary is here and there beginning to labor amid perils and deaths, is ere long to stretch forth her hands in praise.

WILBERFORCE ON COLONIZATION.

Encouragements to African Colonization, drawn from the success of the colony of Sierra Leone; an extract from a speech delivered by William Wilberforce, at the Sixteenth Anniversary Meeling of the British African Institution, May 10th, 1822.

Let us keep in mind the obstacles which have been surmounted in England, and thence infer the probable success which will ultimately crown our efforts in other countries. Let it be recollected, also, that but a few years ago the colony of Sierra Leone used to be pointed at exultingly by the enemies of Abolition, as proving how visionary was the attempt to raise in the scale of being, a race who were intended to be "hewers of wood and drawers of water," and who were unfit for any higher purposes than to be the slaves of civilized communities? But what is now the state of that colony? Does it not exhibit in a most surprising degree, considering the recent date of its establishment, the blessed effects, on the African character, of the communication of the principle of British liberty, and the Christian religion. Those who were discouraged during the early disasters of that colony, had overlooked the difficulties which never fail to attend colonization, even under the most favorable circumstances. If we look at the history of colonization on the other side of the Atlantic, we shall see this in the case of Virginia; a colony set on foot, not by weak projectors, but undertaken by the greatest and wisest men,-suggested by Lord Bacon; and partly executed by Sir Walter Raleigh. Three times had that colony failed, and been successively renewed under these auspices. Three times had it been entirely deserted. Another effort however, a final experiment was made. Providence blessed the effort, and it succeeded.

No one could have anticipated the success we have met with at Sierra Leone. When we first formed that settlement we naturally looked forward to an early Abolition of the Slave Trade; but the Slave Trade was unfortunately continued for sixteen years after the colony had been planted, and it had also to struggle with all the difficulties of a maritime war; and with other calamities: yet with all these drawbacks from our just expectations, what is the present state of Sierra Leone? A sensible and impartial observer lately told me, that he never witnessed stronger manifestations of the influence of true religion and sound morality, than appeared in the case of the poor, ignorant, unenlightened savages rescued from the holds of Slave ships, and now settled at Sierra Leone. Such are the words of an eye-witness. That gallant officer in the British navy, Commodore Sir George Collier, expressed himself quite overcome with the appearance of piety which caracterized these people. "I have attended," he said, "places of religious worship all over the world, but never any where have I seen a greater degree of religious feeling than I saw displayed at their devotion, in Sierra Leone, by these poor Africans." In the great operations of nature, though her momentous impulse is unerring, still the progress is often slow. In like manner, in our great work, a rapid acceleration is hardly to be expected. But still we have made great advances: we have, it is true, our moments of discouragement: nevertheless, we have every reason to hope; none to despair. Let us proceed confident

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