CHAPTER

CONTENTS

PART I

THE FOUNDATIONS OF ENGLAND

I. TWO THEORIES OF THE ANGLO-SAXON CONQUEST

II. OLD BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO-SAXON CONQUEST

III. ADOPTION OF CHRISTIANITY AND UNIFICATION OF ENGLAND

IV. ALFRED THE GREAT AND ENGLISH LEARNING

PART II

FEUDALISM AND NATIONALISM

I. THE MEN OF LONDON AND THE CORONATION OF WILLIAM THE

IV. REFORMS IN CHURCH AND STATE UNDER HENRY II

V. THE TRUE NATURE OF MAGNA CARTA

II.

STATE OF RELIGIOUS OPINION ON THE EVE OF THE SEPARA-

VII. THE ELIZABETHAN SETTLEMENT IN THE CHURCH

VIII. EUROPE AND ENGLAND IN THE ELIZABETHAN AGE.

IX. THE GROWTH OF PURITANISM

295

307

321

PART V

THE STUART CONSTITUTIONAL CONFLICT

II.

I. OPENING OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL STRUGGLE UNDER JAMES I

THE PARLIAMENTARY CRISIS OF 1629.

331

VI.

III.

IV. LONG PARLIAMENT AND THE PEACEFUL REVOLUTION

V. CHARLES I AND HIS ACCUSERS.

CROMWELL AND PARLIAMENT

VII. THE RESTORATION SETTLEMENT IN STATE AND CHURCH.

VIII. JAMES II AND THE CATHOLIC REACTION.

IX. THE WHIG REVOLUTION AND SETTLEMENT

CHAPTER

III. RISE OF BRITISH DOMINION IN INDIA

IV. THE CONTEST FOR CANADA

PART VII

ENGLAND UNDER THE GEORGES

I. WALPOLE AND HIS SYSTEM

II. JOHN WESLEY AND METHODISM

III. PERSONAL GOVERNMENT OF GEORGE III

IV. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

V. THE CONTINENTAL SYSTEM

PART VIII

THE AGE OF REFORM

I. THE OLD PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM

II. THE REFORM BILL OF 1832

III. THE TRIUMPH OF URBAN DEMOCRACY

IV. THE ENFRANCHISEMENT OF THE RURAL LABORER

V. THE CABINET SYSTEM.

VI. LABOR AND SOCIALISM IN ENGLISH POLITICS

STANFORD LIBRARY

PART I

THE FOUNDATIONS OF ENGLAND

CHAPTER I

TWO THEORIES OF THE ANGLO-SAXON CONQUEST

THE problem of the racial elements composing English nationality has received extended consideration at the hands of many eminent historians and ethnologists. Indeed, all older writers devoted excessive attention to the question of how far the course of English history has been affected by Celtic, Roman, and Teutonic influences. A great many of them sharply distinguished the Teutons from the Romans, ascribing to the former a peculiar genius for personal liberty and self-government as contrasted with the latter. The adherents to this theory found the illustrations of their doctrines in the history of England and ignored the contradictions to be found everywhere in the history of Germany, the Teutonic country which felt the direct influence of Rome less than did France or England. According to this view, the history of England begins with the story of independent warriors who invaded Britain, swept away the elements of Celtic and Roman culture, and founded a nation of freemen governing themselves through local and national popular assemblies. To be sure, England afterward suffered from feudalism and despotism, but the spirit of liberty inherent in the people finally triumphed over these reactionary forces.

Now this entire theory has been given an importance which its intrinsic worth does not justify, especially in view of the present tendency among scientists to minimize the influence of race as the determining factor in the shaping of institutions. Moreover