sisted him to put them to proof. He set sail August 3, 1492, His crew were with three small vessels, on an unknown sea. filled with fear to find themselves so far from land, and sailing toward unknown dangers. He had great difficulty in calming their terrors, and was in great danger of perishing in the mutiny they contemplated. He was saved by the opportune Appearance of land on the 11th of October. He had reached the group of islands lying between North and South America. The one first discovered was called, by the natives whom he found inhabiting it, Guanahani. He named it, in remembrance of his peril, San Salvador-St. Savior. Supposing he had reached the Indies lying to the eastward of Asia, and not dreaming of a new continent, he called the inhabitants Indians. Cuba and Hayti, larger islands lying further south, were soon fter discovered, and he hastened to carry back the wonderful idings of his discovery to Spain. He reached home seven months and eleven days after his departure. 4. He and his discoveries immediately became famous. The world had never been struck with a surprise so great, and all He soon returned as Europe was in a ferment at the news. Viceroy of the newly discovered lands, to establish a colony and extend his researches. Five years later, in 1498, he discovered the main land near the river Orinoco, in the northern part of South America. He died in 1506, unaware of the magnitude of his discoveries, still believing he had only reached India from the west, and treated with much ingratitude by the government he had so much benefited by his bold genius. The first published account of the new continent was by a Florentine, Amerigo Vespucci, who visited the main land in 1499, claimed the merit of the discovery, and gave it his name, America. His claim has long been disallowed, and Columbus duly honored as the real discoverer, though the name was never changed. 5. It is believed that North America was known to the mariners of the North of Europe as early as the tenth century; and that settlements, that afterwards perished, were made from Iceland and Greenland as far south as the shores of New England. This, however, is only a dim tradition, there being no detailed and authentic history of these events left on record so far as is yet known. 6. An English mariner, by descent a Venitian, disputes with Columbus the first sight of the main continent in 1498. He first touched the coast of Labrador, and sailed as far south as Florida in the next year. It was near a hundred years later before a permanent settlement was made within the territory that is now the United States, by the English, though the city of St. Augustine was founded in Florida by the Spaniards in 1565. In 1607 a settlement was made at Jamestown, on the Potomac river, in Virginia, and in 1620 the Puritans of England, persecuted there for their religious views, sought liberty of worship in the new world, establishing a colony at Plymouth, in the eastern part of New England. Others followed in succession until many distinct colonies had been planted on the eastern coast of the United States; all of which-except Florida, belonging to the Spaniards, on the south, and Canada, settled by the French, on the north-were under the control of, and received their laws from, England. CHAPTER III. CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF ANGLO AMERICAN COLONIZATION FROM 1492 TO 1763. 1492-October 12, Christopher Columbus discovered land belonging the Western Hemisphere-one of the Bahama Islands. He touches at Cuba and Hayti before his return. 1497-John Cabot, master of an English vessel, and his son Sebastian, touched at Newfoundland in June, and soon after explored the coast of Labrador. 1498-Columbus, on his third voyage, discovers the American Continent, near the mouth of the Orinoco river, in South America. -Sebastian Cabot, in a second voyage, first of Europeans, explores our Atlantic coast as far south as Maryland. 1499-Amerigo Vespucci, or Americus Vespucius, a Floren tine merchant, conducts a vessel to the coast of South America. Returning to Europe he publishes a book. claiming to have first discovered the continent, and i receives his name, America. 1500-Columbus is sent to Spain in chains by a Spanish officer whom the jealousy of Ferdinand, the Spanish King, placed over him. Treated with injustice and neglect, he died at Valladolid, Spain, in 1506. 1512-Ponce de Leon, a Spaniard in search of the "Fountain of Youth," discovers Florida, near St. Augustine. 1524 John Verrazani, a Florentine, commanding a French vessel, touches the coast near Wilmington, North Caro lina, and explores it north to Nova Scotia. He wrote a narrative describing the country and the Indians. 1535 James Cartier, a French navigator, discovers the St. Lawrence. 1541-He builds a Fort at Quebec, but soon abandons it. -De Soto, a Spaniard, discovers the Mississippi. He traveled, with six hundred men, through Georgia and Alabama, and fought a bloody battle with the Indians near Mobile. These Indians had a walled town of several thousand inhabitants. Thence he traveled west. to the Mississippi and Red Rivers. He died at the mouth of the Red river, May 21, 1542. 1553-Persecution of the English Puritans commences. 1562-French Huguenots attempt a settlement in Florida. They gave the name Carolina to the coast on the north. The first colony is discouraged, and returns. In the year 1564 another Huguenot colony is founded on the River May. 1565-Melendez, a Spaniard, founds St. Augustine, September 8th, with five hundred colonists. It was the first permanent settlement in the United States. -Melendez destroys the French colony. 1567-The Chevalier Gouges (French) attacks St. Augustine, and puts to death two hundred Spaniards in retaliation. 1578-The first English settlement contemplated. Queen Elizabeth grants a patent to Sir Humphrey Gilbert "to such remote, heathen, and barbarous lands as he should find in North America." He makes two attempts to plant a colony-in 1579 and in 1583-fails in each, and perishes with his vessel, September 23, 1583. 1584-Sir Walter Raleigh receives a similar patent, and sends two vessels to the shores of Pamlico Sound. Queen Elizabeth names the country Virginia. 1585-Raleigh sends a colony to Roanoke Island, but it is unfortunate, and returns home. 1587-He sends another colony, but the Spanish Armada threatening England, he could not send it supplies for some time, and when visited, later, no trace of it could be found. Discouraged, he gives up his patent to a London company of merchants, who content themselves to trade with the Indians. 1602-Bartholomew Gosnold visits New England. 1603-Henry IV., King of France, grants Acadia (Nova Scotia) to Sieur de Monts, who founds a colony on the 1606-James I., King of England, establishes the London and Plymouth companies for settling North America. 1607 The Plymouth company land a colony at the mouth of the Kennebec river. It is unfortunate, and returns to England. -The London company send out an expedition, which, accidentally discovering Chesapeake Bay, enter, and found a colony on James River, at Jamestown. The romantic Captain John Smith was one of the colonists. This was the first permanent English settlement in North America. 1608-Smith seeking, by orders from the London company, a passage to the Pacific ocean, up the Chickahominy, is taken prisoner by the Indians, condemned to death, and saved by Pocahontas. -Quebec founded by the French under Champlain. 1609-Lord Delaware is appointed Governor of Virginia, which receives a new charter, and a considerable accession of numbers. -Part of the expedition, however, was shipwrecked, and the colony, embracing a large unruly and indolent ele ment, is near perishing. Pocahontas repeatedly saves them from the Indians. Hudson river and Lake Champlain discovered. 1610-Lord Delaware, having been delayed, arrives (after the |