IOWA.

Anhydrite. Appanoose County, deep well at Centerville.
Brown iron ore (limonite). Allamakee County, Iron Hill. Clayton County, in
lead and zinc regions. Dubuque County, in lead and zinc regions. Henry
County, a lean ore on Skunk River. Jackson County, not in workable

quantity. Webster County, in limited quantities.

Cement material. Shales and clays suitable for cement abundant in many parts of the State; calcareous constituent may be obtained from limestone, chalk, and marl. Cement plants operating at Des Moines and Mason City. See also Chalk, Limestone, and Marl. Cerusite (lead carbonate). Allamakee County, at Lansing mine (abandoned). Dubuque County, found throughout Dubuque lead region but not in sufficient quantity to be valuable as an ore, except as mined with galena. Chalcedony. Story County, near Ames, not used. In the geodes of southeastern Iowa.

Chalk. Associated with Cretaceous deposits of northwest Iowa; outcrop confined mainly to valley of Big Sioux River, between Sioux City and Hawarden; bed 30 to 50 feet thick.

Chert. Abundant in the Mississippian rocks in southeastern Iowa; also found associated with the Silurian rocks.

Clay (brick). Abundant in many counties; has been or is dug at one or more places in nearly every county in the State.

Clay (draintile). Cerro Gordo, Webster, and many other counties.
Clay (fire). Blackhawk County, has been used at Waterloo. Hardin County,
Eldora. Montgomery County, Red Oak. Occurs in Clay, Des Moines,
Henry, Jefferson, Polk, Van Buren, and Wapello counties.

Clay (gumbo). Cedar County, abundant. Decatur County, has been burned at Davis City. Monroe County, Selection. Pottawattamie County, on flood plains, used for railroad ballast.

Clay (pottery). Delaware County, has been dug and used in Colesburg. Des Moines County, near Parrish. Lee County, Donaldson. Mahaska County, 3 miles north of Eddyville, black ware only made. Montgomery County, Red Oak. Muscatine County, Fairport, mined and shipped. Polk County, Pennsylvanian ("Coal Measures") clay of Des Moines group, used for coarser grades of pottery. Van Buren County, Vernon. Webster County, Fort Dodge. Wapello County, Ottumwa. Occurs, but not used: Johnson County, thin seams near Iowa City. Monroe County, has been mined near Attica. Woodbury County, extensive deposits in lower part of the Benton or upper part of the Dakota at Sioux City. Coal (bituminous). Coal-bearing formations occupy area of about 20,000 square miles in central and southern part of State; thin beds, noncoking. Mined in 21 counties as follows: Adams, Appanoose, Boone, Dallas, Greene, Guthrie, Jasper, Jefferson, Keokuk, Lucas, Mahaska, Marion, Monroe, Page, Polk, Taylor, Van Buren, Wapello, Warren, Wayne, and Webster. Dolomite. Quarried extensively in Dubuque, Jackson, and other counties. Fine crystals in cavities: Lee County, Keokuk. Webster County, near Fort Dodge. It is prevalent in the Paleozoic rocks of the State.

Galena.

Allamakee County, mined at New Galena. Clayton County, mined near Guttenberg and Buena Vista. Dubuque County, the important lead ore of Dubuque region.

Gas. See Natural gas.

Geodes. Lee County, abundant around Keokuk; sold for museum specimens. Gold (placer). In drift in small quantities in Des Moines, Fayette, Keokuk, and Lee counties; no importance.

Granite. Bowlders in drift in several counties; locally used.

Gravel.

Abundant in glacial deposits and river terraces. Used for road metal in Buchanan, Ida, Palo Alto, Pocahontas, Sac, Scott, and other counties; Polk County, dug for ballast along Fourmile Creek.

Gypsum. Extensive deposits in Webster County are quarried at Fort Dodge. A deposit was found in well boring in Appanoose County, at Centerville. Hematite. Allamakee County, principal ore body at Iron Hill; widely distributed through shales and sandstones of the Pennsylvanian (“Coal Measures"). Jasper County, has been mined near Monroe for manufacture of metallic paints.

Iron. See Brown iron ore, Hematite, and Pyrite.
Lead minerals. See Cerusite and Galena.

Limestone (building, crushed stone). Quarried at one or more places in more than half the counties in the State.

Limestone (lime). Has been burned at several places in Benton, Blackhawk, Bremer, Cedar, Cerro Gordo, Clayton, Clinton, Davis, Des Moines, Henry, Humboldt, Jackson, Johnson, Linn, Mills, Mitchell, Monroe, Montgomery, Plymouth, Scott, Union, and other counties.

Limonite. See Brown iron ore.

Lithographic stone. Floyd County, occurs in Devonian. Mitchell County, southwest of Osage.

Marble. Not at present quarried in State. Floyd County, at Charles City, fossiliferous marbles were formerly used for mantels and table tops; Van Buren County, occurs at Chequest Creek, known to the trade as Chequest marble, white. The Bonaparte (gray) marble of the trade occurs near Bonaparte.

Marcasite. Des Moines County, abundant in Pennsylvanian ("Coal Measures") rocks; not mined.

Marl. Calcareous marl occurs in many small lakes in north-central part of State; no beds of importance yet discovered.

Mineral paint. See Hematite, Ocher, and Shale.

Natural gas.

Small quantities in glacial drift. Dallas County, wells 100-115 feet deep produced small quantity of gas for several years; used for light and heat in a few homes. Guthrie County, shallow wells near Bagley had several pounds' pressure; shut in, not used. Louisa County, wells about 100 feet deep near Letts and Wapello; gas from 4 wells has been used in owners' houses. Muscatine County, small showings of gas in shallow wells in southern part of county; not used.

Ocher (mineral paint). Allamakee County, deposits at Iron Hill and various

points along Paint Creek. Jasper County, has been quarried at Fairview
Township. Keokuk County, undeveloped deposit near Hayesville.
Monroe County, deposits near Hamilton. Webster County, mined at
Fort Dodge.

Oil. See Petroleum.

Oil shale. See Shale.

Peat.

Occurs quite generally distributed through the northeastern counties of the State. A plant for producing machine peat fuel has been operated near Fertile, in Worth County.

Petroleum. Nowhere discovered in commercial quantity, but rather widely disseminated as shown by traces in wells; found near Fort Madison, Lee County, in very small quantity.

Pyrite. Clayton County, associated with galena and sphalerite in lead-zinc mines. Dubuque County, in lead mines of Dubuque.

Quartz. Widely distributed; crystals in geodes near Keokuk, Lee County, and in mines of Des Moines County, exceptionally fine; sought for museum specimens.

Quartzite. Lyon County, valuable for building material, not utilized. Road metal. Dallas County, gravel beds at Redfield and Van Meter worked extensively for railroad ballast. Dubuque County, dolomite quarried at Dubuque for macadam. Johnson County, stone crushed north of Coralville for railroad ballast; stone from Iowa City also used. Madison County, large quantities of limestone crushed for use in Des Moines. Montgomery County, limestone in this county would make excellent macadam. Polk County, gravel beds at Des Moines extensively worked for railroad ballast.

Sand (building). Large supply of good building sand along streams and in sand hills of Benton, Cedar, and Jackson counties; at various points along river in Humboldt County. Pits are worked in the following counties: Appanoose, Audubon, Blackhawk, Buena Vista, Butler, Cherokee, Clinton, Des Moines, Dickinson, Dubuque, Emmet, Fayette, Grundy, Hardin, Howard, Ida, Johnson, Jones, Kossuth, Lee, Linn, Lyon, Mahaska, Marion, Montgomery, O'Brien, Osceola, Palo Alto, Plymouth, Polk, Sac, Scott, Sioux, Story, Van Buren, Wapello, Webster, Woodbury, and Wright. Sand (fire). Clayton County, Clayton.

Sand (glass). Allamakee County, glass sand is abundant in St. Peter sandstone but is not used. Clayton County, pits worked near Clayton. Johnson County, River Junction. Linn County, Cedar Rapids.

Sand (molding). Dug in Appanoose County at Centerville; Audubon County, Kimballton; Cherokee County, Cherokee; Linn County, Cedar Rapids; Lyon County, Doon; Marshall County, Marshalltown; Polk County, Des Moines and Valley Junction.

Sand and gravel. Large quantities in stream and drift deposits of Des Moines, Franklin, Lee, Marshall, Muscatine, and other counties. Sandstone. Sandstone has been quarried as follows: In Allamakee County. Blackhawk County, at Laporte City. Clay County, at Greenville. Clayton County, at Garnavillo. Dallas County, Redfield. Davis County, Carbon; local use. Des Moines County, Burlington and Danville. Dubuque County, Spechts Ferry. Fayette County, Brainard. Guthrie County, quarried at many points for local use. Hardin County, Eldora and near Steamboat Rock. Jackson County, several small quarries. Jasper County, near Lynnville, Newton. Jones County, Olin. Keokuk County, Delta. Lee County, very small quantity quarried at Franklin Township. Mahaska County, Eveland. Marion County, Tracy, large supply at Red Rock quarry. Marshall County, Quarry. Muscatine County, along Mississippi River from Scott County to 3 miles west of Muscatine; also quarries on West Branch of Pine Creek in Montpelier Township. Polk County. Scott County, small quantity quarried at Buffalo and McCausland. Tama County, Butlerville. Webster County, Evanston, Fort Dodge. Woodbury County, near Sioux City.

Shale (oil). Devonian rocks, which underlie the southeastern corner of the State, contain a little shale which may yield oil.

Shale (paint). Webster County, ground for use as pigments at Fort Dodge. Silver. Dubuque County, in minute quantities in lead ore at Dubuque; not recovered.

Smithsonite. Clayton County, in lead mines near Buena Vista and Guttenberg. Dubuque County, a common zinc ore at Dubuque mines.

Sphalerite. Allamakee County, mined 5 miles west of Lansing. Clayton County, associated with galena in flat crevices and fissures in Galena limestone. Dubuque County, mined near Dubuque.

Tripoli (polishing powder). Des Moines County, abundant, not used.
Zinc ore. See Smithsonite and Sphalerite.

KANSAS.

Abrasive. See Pumice.

Anhydrite. Ellsworth County, Kanopolis. Kingman County, Kingman. Rice County, Lyons.

Asphalt. Many "tar springs" and occurrences of brea in Miami County, and scattered ones elsewhere, particularly in southeastern part of State. Calamine (zinc silicate). Cherokee County, Galena.

Cement material. Limestone and shale used for Portland cement in Allen County, at Iola and Concreto. Anderson County, at Mildred. Bourbon County, Fort Scott. Ellis County, Yocemento. Montgomery County, Independence and Le Hunt. Wilson County, Neodesha and Fredonia. Wyandotte County, Bonner Springs. In great abundance generally in eastern two-thirds of State.

Cerusite (lead carbonate, “dry bone"). Cherokee County, secondary mineral of lead ores mined at Galena.

Chalk. In the western part of the State in Cretaceous limestone formations. Clay (brick). Dug in the following counties: Allen, Atchison, Bourbon, Chautauqua, Cherokee, Clay, Cloud, Crawford, Douglas, Elk, Franklin, Hamilton, Labette, Leavenworth, Linn, McPherson, Marshall, Miami, Montgomery, Nemaha, Neosho, Phillips, Saline, Shawnee, Wilson, and Wyandotte.

Clay (draintile). Cherokee, Nemaha, and other counties.

Clay (fire). Fire clay in Pennsylvanian ("Coal Measures ") rocks in Bourbon County, at Fort Scott, under the coal. Crawford County, Pittsburg. Douglas County, Lawrence. Ellsworth County. Leavenworth County, near Leavenworth, Mill Creek. In all the eastern counties as far west as Manhattan. Not pure.

Clay (pottery). Montgomery County, Coffeyville.

Clay (sewer pipe). Crawford County.

Coal (bituminous). About 20 workable beds, from a few inches to 5 feet thick, essentially steam coals. Mined in Atchison County, near Atchison. Cherokee County, Cherokee coal, 18 inches to 5 feet thick, mined at Scammon, excellent quality. Crawford County, Frontenac, Pittsburg, and elsewhere. Franklin County, near Ransomville. Leavenworth County, Leavenworth. Osage County, Osage seam 20-22 inches, along Santa Fe Railway, and many other places. Southeastern part of the State, south of Kansas River and east of the Shawnee, has workable beds in nearly every county, and beds crop out in Allen, Bourbon, Brown, Coffey, Doniphan, Douglas, Franklin, Greenwood, Jackson, Jefferson, Miami, Nemaha, Neosho, Osage, Shawnee, Wabaunsee, and Woodson counties.

Galena. Cherokee County, most abundant lead ore at Badger-Peacock, Galena, and Lawton districts.

See Natural gas.

Gas.
Gypsum.

Gypsite (gypsum earth), found in low swampy ground in central Kansas, formerly basis of greater portion of plaster manufacture. Was mined in Barber County at Kling. Butler County. Clay County, at Longford. Rock gypsum, mined in Barber and Comanche counties, in Medicine Lodge area. Dickinson County, at Hope. Marshall County, Blue Rapids. Saline County, near Gypsum. In comparative abundance at numerous places in the Permian rocks of Kansas; in smaller quantities along Smoky River, Ellsworth and McPherson counties; in Tertiary formations in southwestern part of Meade County and in Seward County, commonly in fine crystals. Nearly all gypsite beds in Kansas are exhausted.